The Impact of Agriculture On Dissolved Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycling in Temperate Ecosystems

Although most research has focussed on inorganic nutrient forms of nitrate (NO^-₃) and phosphorus (PO³₄) in runoff and receiving waters, nitrogen loss from agricultural land can also occur in organic and ammonium-nitrogen form; phosphorus losses, although often dominated by particulate transport, may occur in soluble organic and inorganic form. Furthermore, fluxes between different species may take place during transport from the land to the stream and as a result of in-stream, in-river or in-lake transformations. Knowledge of the spatial and temporal variation in all nitrogen species and phosphorus fractions in a drainage basin is therefore essential if the wider environmental significance of elevated nutrient concentrations in natural waters are to be assessed. This paper reviews recent work on N and P losses from agricultural land and presents some results from two intensive agricultural catchments: Slapton, Devon and the river Windrush catchment in the Cotswolds.     

强化混凝去除黄浦江水有机物的试验研究

强化混凝去除有机物的效果与水源的分子量分布特性有着密切的关系.由于黄浦江水中低分子量的溶解性有机物占多数,因此,强化混凝处理有机物效果有限.对于＜1k分子量区间的有机物.增加混凝剂投量可有效去除紫外吸光值(UV254),但去除溶解性有机碳(DOC)的效果很差.尽管增加混凝剂投量和降低pH都能有效地去除有机物,但决定强化混凝效果的主要因素是pH,去除黄浦江水有机物的最佳pH范围为6～5.     

Preliminary study on organic contaminants in the water of northwest part of the Lake Chao

The waterquality of the downstream of Nanfei River and the northwest area of Lake Chao is evaluated from organic analysis aspect. PAHs such as fluoranthene, pyrene are detected in the waters collected from downstream river and river mouth. More phenolic compounds are found in the river water. Some halogenated hydrocarbons are present in the river and lake waters. A great many of aliphatic hydrocarbons and benzene hydrocarbons found in all the water samples are about one third of the total organics detected. The hydrophobic components are found to be present not only in water but also in suspended sediment. The ratio of the amount existing is 0.4 in sediment and 1 in particle-free water. The quantity of humic materials existing in lake water is larger than that in river water. The proportion of the humic materials in lake water to that in river water is 1.9 to 1. In the lake water, some natural substances, such as dimethyl disulfide, alpha-pinene, azulene, and 6- methyl -2-heptanone are observed.     

石油化工厂区土壤中总石油烃分布的研究

为了进行石油化工厂区地下环境的现场评估，利用气相色谱法（EPA8015B）对其土壤中总石油烃（TPHs)进行了测定，测定结果以柴油范围的有机物（DRO）和润滑油范围的有机物（ORO）表示。结果表明：土壤各层DRO检出率在58％－72％之间，ORO检出率在82％－89％之间，大多数检出点位的DRO、ORO含量小于500mg/kg；个别点位的DRO、ORO高达30000mg/kg。     

废水中有机物对铁盐除磷的影响

通过批次实验探究了不同有机物对铁盐化学除磷的影响.结果显示，有机物对铁盐化学除磷的不利影响由强到弱依次为柠檬酸、黄腐酸、聚山梨酯-80、牛血清蛋白、葡萄糖、淀粉，柠檬酸的影响程度为其他五种有机物的5~20倍.较之含羟基有机物，含羧基有机物对铁盐除磷的不利影响更大.研究表明：铁盐化学除磷的实质是通过形成铁羟基氧化物（HFO）来除磷.含羧基有机物，如柠檬酸，可与磷酸根竞争HFO，有机物"抢占"HFO表面结合位点导致磷酸盐与HFO结合减少，从而使铁盐除磷效果下降.在所试柠檬酸浓度范围内，铁盐除磷率最高下降了90.70%.     

生物滤池和常规工艺对某地表水中不同分子量有机物的去除

采用生物滤池和常规处理对受污染的某地表水进行试验研究 ,用膜过滤法对其出水进行了分子量分析 ,考察了 2个处理单元对不同分子量区间有机物的去除效果。结果表明 :原水中分子量小于 1 0 0 0的有机物占总 DOC的 78.2 9% ;生物滤池对分子量小于50 0、50 0～ 1 0 0 0和 >60 0 0 0的有机物去除率分别为 54.9%、36.1 %和 2 0 .7% ;常规处理对以上分子量区间有机物的去除率分别为1 5.3%、- 2 0 %和 48.75%。     

难降解有机废水处理新技术

介绍了光氧化法、超临界氧化和低温等离子体化学三种废水处理新技术的原理,国内外研究的现状和未来的发展前景,分析了这些新技术在优化污染物废水处理方面得到工业应用所必须解决的主要技术问题.     

微污染饮用水生物过滤影响因素的研究

通过试验探讨了过滤介质、空床接触时间、水温和反冲洗方式对生物过滤去除有机物的影响。试验结果表明 :活性炭、石英砂组成的双层滤料生物滤池对高锰酸盐指数、UV2 5 4的去除效果比无烟煤、石英砂组成的双层滤料滤池和单层石英砂滤料滤池好 ;在一定的范围内 ,随着接触时间或水温的增加 ,各滤柱对高锰酸盐指数的去除率增加 ;加氯水反冲洗方式对生物滤池去除高锰酸盐指数、UV2 5 4的影响比未加氯水反冲洗方式大     

臭氧在"臭氧-生物活性炭"饮用水处理工艺中的作用研究

本文通过分析饮用水深度处理中试工艺各处理单元出水水质指标的变化研究臭氧在臭氧生物活性炭工艺中的作用。试验结果表明：在中试工艺中，臭氧具有很好的氧化、杀藻和消毒的作用；并且两级臭氧氧化分别对常规处理单元和颗粒活性炭去除污染物具有一定的促进作用。     

大气痕量挥发性有机物碳同位素分析研究进展

对于大气痕量挥发性有机物的研究,浓度测量方法在满足科学研究的要求方面尚有欠缺,相比之下,同位素测量方法具有测量精度高、对源解析准确和测量误差小的特点且发展迅速,该方法在大气痕量挥发性有机物的研究中所起到的作用日益显著;但由于同位素测量技术对大气样品质量的要求很高,故目前该方法在大气环境科学的研究领域中还不能普及,今后随...