Development and evaluation of RAMP I – a practitioner’s tool for screening of musculoskeletal disorder risk factors in manual handling

RAMP I is a screening tool developed to support practitioners in screening for work-related musculoskeletal disorder risk factors related to manual handling. RAMP I, which is part of the RAMP tool, is based on research-based studies combined with expert group judgments. More than 80 practitioners participated in the development of RAMP I. The tool consists of dichotomous assessment items grouped into seven categories. Acceptable reliability was found for a majority of the assessment items for 15 practitioners who were given 1?h of training. The usability evaluation points to RAMP I being usable for screening for musculoskeletal disorder risk factors, i.e., usable for assessing risks, being usable as a decision base, having clear results and that the time needed for an assessment is acceptable. It is concluded that RAMP I is a usable tool for practitioners.     

Are older drivers’ driving patterns during an on-road driving task representative of their real-world driving patterns?

Abstract

Objective: The current study investigated whether older drivers’ driving patterns during a customized on-road driving task were representative of their real-world driving patterns.

Methods: Two hundred and eight participants (male: 68.80%; mean age?=?81.52 years, SD?=?3.37 years, range?=?76.00–96.00 years) completed a customized on-road driving task that commenced from their home and was conducted in their own vehicle. Participants’ real-world driving patterns for the preceding 4-month period were also collected via an in-car recording device (ICRD) that was installed in each participant’s vehicle.

Results: During the 4-month period prior to completing the on-road driving task, participants’ median real-world driving trip distance was 2.66?km (interquartile range [IQR]?=?1.14–5.79?km) and their median on-road driving task trip distance was 4.41?km (IQR?=?2.83–6.35?km). Most participants’ on-road driving task trip distances were classified as representative of their real-world driving trip distances (95.2%, n?=?198).

Conclusions: These findings suggest that most older drivers were able to devise a driving route that was representative of their real-world driving trip distance. Future research will examine whether additional aspects of the on-road driving task (e.g., average speed, proportion of trips in different speed zones) are representative of participants’ real-world driving patterns.     

厦门地震台数字化观测误处理事件分析及预防

通过分析厦门地震台数字化观测中出现的误处理事件,查找出诸多原因,如预处理软件存在BUG、数据处理方法不当、电源故障等。也提出一些预防办法。     

一种新的海洋生物地球化学自主观测平台:Bio-Argo浮标

借助于强大的全球海洋观测网络——Argo计划,生物光学浮标Bio-Argo将成为一种全新的海洋生物地球化学自主观测平台,对未来的海洋观测与海洋研究将产生巨大的影响。本文以法国的PROVBIO为例,详细介绍了Bio-Argo浮标的结构设计、观测数据、工作模式、传输与通讯、以及数据质量控制等方面的问题,为我国的Argo计划和海洋观测方法提供有益的借鉴。     

武陵山区两种不同下垫面温度观测及对比分析

文章通过对铜仁国家基本气象站2007-2008年探测获得的水泥地面温度资料与日常地温场观测资料进行统计分析和对比研究,发现模拟高速公路和城市的水泥地表面与自然状态下的裸土地表面两者之间,在相同太阳辐射条件下不同的季节存在着不同的温度变化和散热差异,并分析了产生温度和热力差异的原因,对比分析发现,水泥地面在夏、春季节增温效果最明显,对城市"热岛效应"的贡献较大,同时找出了水泥地面和裸土地面两者的地表平均温度、最高、最低温度在高温、降水和凝冻天气条件下的温度变化规律,掌握不同下垫面温度变化规律,有助于台站开展交通路面温度预报、道路结冰预警信息发布以及城市气象服务。     

超市塑料袋使用行为的环境实验研究

塑料购物袋一直是社会关注的热点环境问题。文章以上海某超市为对象,采用现场观察实验方法记录了5 086份超市顾客塑料袋使用行为的样本,初步揭示了超市塑料袋使用情况和塑料袋使用的顾客行为特征,尝试为超市塑料袋的环境管理政策提供基础性的科学依据。结果表明:(1)超市中主要有3种塑料袋使用方式,依次为购买塑料袋、自带购物袋、使用免费手撕袋,其比例为15%、29%、9%,说明目前塑料袋使用行为具有一定的多样性;(2)影响顾客购买塑料袋的因素为是否有会员卡、是否徒手购物、购物金额,其偏相关系数依次为0.114、0.085、0.042。占总样本63.4%的单人购物情境中,购买塑料袋的影响因素为是否徒手购物、是否有会员卡、年龄、购物金额、性别,偏相关系数依次为0.849、0.486、0.329、0.291、0.180;说明影响塑料袋使用的因素具有综合性和复杂性。(3)顾客购物金额、购物件数、结账时间与塑料袋购买比例有密切的正相关关系;(4)按照购买塑料袋的倾向程度,可将顾客分为高、中、低3类特征群体。其中,购买倾向最高的顾客特征为无会员卡的男性中青年、非徒手购物,购物金额较高。文章研究为解决环境管理问题提供了一种基于现场观察实验方法的案例参考,建议将定量、可重复、可检验、以现场观察记录主的实验方法应用于各类环境问题研究和解决方案中,为环境管理提供更扎实的科学依据。     

若尔盖高原湿地藻类多样性研究

分别于夏、冬两季采集若尔盖高原湿地水样,利用传统培养及显微镜检的方法和现代分子生物学方法对其藻类多样性进行了研究.结果表明,夏季水样至少培养出4种绿藻,分别为普通小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris Beij.)、浮球藻(Planktosphaeriagelatinosa G.M.Smith)、繁茂栅列藻(Scenedesmus abundans Kirchner)和柱状栅列藻(Scenedesmus bijuga Turp.),均属于绿球藻(Chlorococcales),其中普通小球藻为优势藻种,并被分离纯化.显微镜检结果表明冬季水样中主要的藻类种群为硅藻,此结果符合在低温季节天然水体中常以硅藻为主的常理.蓝藻16S rRNA基因克隆文库中的主要类群为硅藻(Bacillaripiophyta,35.3%),其次为蓝藻,包括色球藻(Chroococcales,5.9%)、念珠藻(Nostocales,11.8%)、颤藻(Oscillatoriales,11.8%)和一些未知种属的蓝藻类群(Unclassified Cyanobacteria,35.3%),还发现一些与低温环境微生物相关的类群,如颤藻目细纤菌属(Leptolyngbya).     

应用HSE观察促进管理改进

介绍了中国石化HSE观察的应用背景与目的,重点探讨了对HSE观察问题的处理与分析,及其对管理的促进。     

溴氯海因的爆炸性、氧化性及腐蚀性试验观察

为了解溴氯海因的爆炸、氧化及腐蚀危险性,进行了克南试验、时间/压力试验、固体氧化性试验及腐蚀性试验。结果表明,溴氯海因只具有氧化性和腐蚀性,不具有爆炸性。     

空气自动监测系统的质量保证和控制方法探讨

空气自动监测系统的正常运行需要有严格的质量保证和管理方法,青岛市空气自动监测系统已正常运行了二十多年。运行期间,通过查阅大量的国内外资料并结合实际工作需要逐步建立了一套适合目前监测状况的质量保证和控制方法,并取得了较好的效果。