污水处理移动床生物膜反应器悬浮载体研究进展

介绍了移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)中悬浮载体的种类和特性,讨论了对其性能的影响因素,总结了当前悬浮载体改性技术及性能评价的方法,并对后续研究提出了建议。     

Environmental forensic investigation of the air pollution from a cement manufacturing unit

Abstract

Cement manufacturing is a process that results in the emission of significant quantities of suspended particulate matter (SPM) to the ambient air. An environmental forensic investigation was carried out in the surroundings of a major cement manufacturing unit at a place called Coimbatore in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The investigation was carried out to identify the contribution of the cement manufacturing unit to the SPM concentration of the surrounding air environment. The sampling points’ selection and sample collection were done following the principles outlined in the INTERPOL Manual for Pollution Crime Forensic Investigation. On-site monitoring of the air samples was carried out using Mini Laser Aerosol Spectrometer (GRIMM, Mini-LAS Model 11R). The instrument was capable of measuring particles ranging from 0.25 to 32 µm and classifying them into 31 size channels. The test results at majority of the monitoring locations were well above the limits specified in the National Ambient Air Quality Standards of India. Microscopic studies of the dust samples were carried out for surface texture and particle shape. The spatial distribution of particles was analysed using geographic information system (GIS) for the visual identification of the extent of the pollution by keeping the cement factory as the focal point. The results from the GIS and microscopic analysis established the role of the cement factory in the particulate matter pollution of its surroundings, specifically in the areas North-West of the factory. The successfully adopted procedure can serve as a guideline for the environmental forensic investigation of similar pollution incidences.     

序批式移动床生物膜反应器富集反硝化聚磷菌及其在单污泥系统中的应用

本文介绍了在单污泥系统中选择和富集反硝化聚磷菌的国内外研究进展,对不同研究者提出的选择和富集反硝化聚磷菌的方法进行了分析和评价,并提出将反硝化聚磷菌与移动床生物膜反应器工艺结合起来,在序批式移动床生物膜反应器悬浮填料上选择和富集反硝化聚磷菌,进一步认识了反硝化聚磷菌的生化特征,使其成为反应器中优势菌群,以及该工艺今后的研究重点。     

印染废水处理提标小试研究

利用"水解酸化+强化好氧+深度处理"的工艺技术方案开展印染废水小试研究。在工艺前端采用混流式和升流式两级水解酸化池,后续在曝气池投加活性焦载体,提高污泥浓度,强化好氧池处理能力,最后对生化出水加药混凝,并用生物活性焦滤池进行深度处理。结果表明,该处理工艺适宜处理印染废水,处理效果达到处理提标要求。     

AMBBR工艺处理城市污水

通过对厌氧移动床生物膜反应器处理南方热带亚热带地区城市生活污水的试验研究,采用好氧-厌氧两个阶段进行挂膜试验以缩短挂膜时间,探讨了水力停留时间(HRT)、pH值、填料填充率对反应器处理效果的影响。试验结果表明:在HRT为12 h,进水ρ(COD)为300 mg/L,ρ(氨氮)为15 mg/L,50%的填料填充率,pH=7的工艺条件下,装置对COD去除率为51.2%,对氨氮去除率为40.8%,对TN去除率为38.1%。     

养殖废水新型处理技术中试

针对畜禽养殖污染废水传统处理方法效率不高、噪声较大等缺点进行改进,采用"水解酸化池-塔式膜生物反应器-悬浮澄清池"工艺进行处理,结果表明:COD、氨氮去除率分别为97.5%和91%,出水水质可达GB 18596—2001《畜禽养殖污染物排放标准》。     

Surface clogging process modeling of suspended solids during urban stormwater aquifer recharge

Aquifer recharge,which uses urban stormwater,is an effective technique to control the negative effects of groundwater overexploitation,while clogging problems in infiltration systems remain the key restricting factor in broadening its practice.Quantitative understanding of the clogging process is still very poor.A laboratory study was conducted to understand surface physical clogging processes,with the primary aim of developing a model for predicting suspended solid clogging processes before aquifer recharge projects start.The experiments investigated the clogging characteristics of different suspended solid sizes in recharge water by using a series of one-dimensional fine quartz sand columns.The results showed that the smaller the suspended particles in recharge water,the farther the distance of movement and the larger the scope of clogging in porous media.Clogging extents in fine sand were 1 cm,for suspended particle size ranging from 0.075 to 0.0385 mm,and 2 cm,for particles less than 0.0385 mm.In addition,clogging development occurred more rapidly for smaller suspended solid particles.It took 48,42,and 36 hr respectively,for large-,medium-,and small-sized particles to reach pre-determined clogging standards.An empirical formula and iteration model for the surface clogging evolution process were derived.The verification results obtained from stormwater recharge into fine sand demonstrated that the model could reflect the real laws of the surface clogging process.     

感潮河网溢油归宿的数值模拟研究

基于拉格朗日油粒子模型、溢油风化模型以及三维水动力、泥沙和吸附质模型构建了溢油双层数学模型.模型不仅能够模拟油膜的运动轨迹、岸边吸附与冲刷、油品性质变化过程,而且通过耦合泥沙吸附及沉积动力学过程,能够更加客观地模拟溢油从水体向底泥环境的迁移过程,更全面地反映溢油在环境中的归宿.此外,本文以假设溢油事故为背景,模拟和分析了洪、枯季节条件下珠江广州段溢油事故对河网陆地边界、河网水质及底泥环境的影响.     

Dry deposition velocity of total suspended particles and meteorological influence in four locations in Guangzhou, China

Dry deposition velocity of total suspended particles (TSP) is an effective parameter that describes the speed of atmospheric particulate matter deposit to the natural surface. It is also an important indicator to the capacity of atmosphere self-depuration. However, the spatial and temporal variations in dry deposition velocity of TSP at different urban landscapes and the relationship between dry deposition velocity and the meteorological parameters are subject to large uncertainties. We concurrently investigated this relationship at four different landscapes of Guangzhou, from October to December of 2009. The result of the average dry deposition velocity is (1.49 ± 0.77), (1.44 ± 0.77), (1.13 ± 0.53) and (1.82 ± 0.82) cm/sec for urban commercial landscape, urban forest landscape, urban residential landscape and country landscape, respectively. This spatial variation can be explained by the difference of both particle size composition of TSP and meteorological parameters of sampling sites. Dry deposition velocity of TSP has a positive correlation with wind speed, and a negative correlation with temperature and relative humidity. Wind speed is the strongest factor that affects the magnitude of TSP dry deposition velocity, and the temperature is another considerable strong meteorological factor.We also find out that the relative humidity brings less impact, especially during the dry season. It is thus implied that the current global warming and urban heat island effect may lead to correlative changes in TSP dry deposition velocity, especially in the urban areas.     

基于稳定同位素示踪的流域颗粒有机物质来源辨析

为有效控制流域水质污染,保证饮用水水源的水质安全,通过采集和测定流域内土壤、植物以及河流断面水体悬浮颗粒有机质(POM)在枯水期和丰水期的碳、氮稳定同位素值和C/N比值,对石头口门水库汇水流域水体POM的来源进行研究.结果表明,水体中POM主要来源于土壤有机质,其贡献为69.2%,藻类等大型水生生物和浮游植物的贡献分别为23.1%和7.7%.流域水体中POM的来源存在时空差异.丰水期,浮游植物和藻类等大型水生植物的贡献均为15.4%,而枯水期后者的贡献提高到了30.8%.水体POM主要来源于双阳河和饮马河下游的土壤有机质,说明该区域土壤侵蚀较重,易发生非点源污染;岔路河和饮马河上游支流小黄河,水体POM以浮游植物的贡献占主导,其贡献分别为86.3%和94.8%,这些区域侵蚀较弱,非点源污染发生的风险小;大中型水库区域的POM主要由藻类等大型水生植物贡献,表明悬浮颗粒物在进入水库后可能发生了明显沉积.