潮滩生态特征及开发利用模式——以江苏大丰潮滩研究为例

根据自然地理、海洋动力、生物等特征!本文研究受大河作用的大丰潮滩地貌、沉积过程,讨论老黄河和长江对该潮滩发育的影响和潮滩生物群落空间分布及演变规律。本文评价了大丰潮滩开发利用现状,分析了它们的经济效益和环境效益,提出把目前受到强烈改造、过度利用的模式改变为顺应潮滩自然演变、有步骤合理开发利用潮滩的模式。     

调引太湖水改善苏州市水动力条件研究

基于苏州地区独特的地理位置,简述引水改善该地区水环境的必要性,拟定了3种调水方案,利用感湖河网数学模型,对3种方案调水后主要河道的水动力条件进行预测,分析了各河道调水后的水动力变化趋势,提出了利用太湖水自流引水改善苏州市水环境的最佳方案.     

秋季潮汐流模拟湿地对生活污水的处理效果

采用柱状模拟器依次设计了潮汐上行和潮汐下行流人工湿地,以连续上行和连续下行流人工湿地作为对照,探讨了潮汐流人工湿地在秋季对模拟生活污水的净化能力和处理稳定性。研究表明,潮汐上行流、潮汐下行流、连续上行流、连续下行流对COD平均去除率分别为65.05%±9.07%、63.64%±8.24%、26.90%±8.49%、40.84%±6.18%。对TP平均去除率依次为45.57%±10.86%、40.16%±14.15%、23.23%±11.09%、33.28%±7.99%。潮汐上行流湿地对TN、NH4+-N去除率分别为40.63%±7.69%、23.26%±7.58%,潮汐下行流为35.98%±11.95%、22.68%±9.18%,高于连续上行流的8.20%±5.62%、11.72%±7.32%和连续下行流的13.06%±6.12%、23.38%±9.16%。4种湿地并未出现硝态氮累积现象,潮汐上行流和潮汐下行流人工湿地出水亚硝态氮总体变化趋势较为一致。连续上行流和连续下行流人工湿地,出水亚硝态氮和进水较为接近基本在0.02 mg·L-1左右。在湿地出水氮成分中,有机氮、NH4+-N、NO3--N、NO2--N占TN的平均比例依次为16.72%±3.50%、72.74%±6.49%、10.27%±3.84%、0.28%±0.20%。整体而言,在秋季潮汐流湿地对污染物也表现了较高的处理效果,且净化能力优于连续流湿地。     

盐度变化对崇明东部河口潮滩氮营养盐循环影响实验模拟研究

以长江口咸淡水交互作用最为典型岸段崇明东部潮滩作为研究区域,运用实验模拟方法,定量地研究了盐度变化对潮滩生态系中无机氮的迁移、转化过程的影响。结果发现,盐度升高有利于沉积物中的NH4-N向上覆水扩散,但NO2-N和NO3-N的界面扩散呈现相反的变化趋势;沉积物中可交换态无机氮含量变化特征显示,在盐度变化剧烈的潮滩生态系统内,硝化作用可能是控制沉积物(尤其是表层沉积物)中无机氮分布的重要因素。     

Study On the Hydraulic Characteristics of Taichung Harbour in Taiwan

For this study, field measurements of current profiles, buoy trajectories and the lag of two tidal stations were performed to explore the flow characteristics of Taichung Harbour. in order to distinguish the effects of wind drift current on circulation inside Taichung Harbour, field surveys during both summer and monsoon (winter) season were completed separately. the speed of the drift current was about 3.5% that of the, wind speed, based on the field data. the horizontal dispersion coefficients were close to Bowden's (1965) formula for the tidal current. the water temperature showed a two-layer profile, with the mixing thickness about 4 to 6 metres for the upper layer. the corresponding Richardson number was about 70. the tidal lag between the two tidal stations was 9.68 minutes. All the results agree well with the theoretical results.     

Waste oyster shell as a kind of active filler to treat the combined wastewater at an estuary

Estuaries have been described as one of the most difficult environments on Earth. It is difficult to know how to treat the combined wastewater in tidal rivers at the estuary, where the situation is very different from ordinary fresh water rivers. Waste oyster shell was used as the active filler in this study in a bio-contact oxidation tank to treat the combined wastewater at the Fengtang Tidal River. With a middle-experimental scale of 360 ma/day, the average removal efficiency of COD, BOD, NH3-N, TP and TSS was 80.05%, 85.02%, 86.59%, 50.58% and 85.32%, respectively, in this bio-contact oxidation process. The living microbes in the biofilms on the waste oyster shell in this bio-contact oxidation tank, which were mainly composed of zoogloea, protozoa and micro-metazoa species, revealed that waste oyster shell as the filler was suitable material for combined wastewater degradation. This treatment method using waste oyster shell as active filler was then applied in a mangrove demonstration area for water quality improvement near the experiment area, with a treatment volume of 5 × 10^3 m^3/day. Another project was also successfully applied in a constructed wetland, with a wastewater treatment volume of 1 ×10^3 m^3/day. This technology is therefore feasible and can easily be applied on a larger scale,     

长江河口潮区界溶解态无机氮磷的通量

利用长江河口潮区界大通站的水质资料探讨了溶解态无机氮、磷浓度和通量的变化。结果表明：NO3^-,NH4^ ,DIN的浓度随季节变化不明显，而NO2^-,PO4^3-的浓度是枯季较高、洪季较低：1963－1984年间，NO3^-,NO2^-,NH4^ 、DIN和PO4^3-的年平均浓度分别为17．1、0．43、7．1、24．7、0．19μmol/L，平均通量分别为33．1、0．51、3．67、10．5和0．54kg/s，平均年通量分别为104.44,1.61,11.56,33.1和1.70万t；溶解态无机氮、磷的通量由于受到流量的影响而在年内分配不均匀，其中NO3^-,NO^-,NH4^ DIN和PO4^3-在洪季的通量分别为全年的72．9％，58．1％、69．2％、71％和68．3％；NO3^-,NO2^-，DIN年通量的总变化趋势是稳步上升，且与氮肥使用量成高度显著的正线性相关。1998年，NO3^-,NO2^-,NH4^ 和PO4^3-的年通量分别为477．3，1．356、3．097和2．296万t。     

崇明东滩湿地沉积物重金属污染的磁诊断

对取自崇明东滩的高潮滩、中潮滩和低潮滩的沉积物柱样进行了磁学、粒度、重金属含量等指标的分析、比较与综合研究. 结果表明:在以粉砂为主的崇明东滩,通过污染负荷指数法进行评价,除低潮滩无污染外,中潮滩和高潮滩均有中度的重金属污染. 选取中度重金属污染的高潮滩沉积物柱样进行粒度、重金属含量以及磁性参数的相关性分析显示,χ_fd,χ_ARM/SIRM与重金属含量和粘土(粒径<4 μm)之间有较高的相关性,并以此建立了磁诊断线性回归模型;χ_fd和χ_ARM/SIRM可作为重金属含量的替代指标.      

泉州湾滩涂沉积物对Cu（Ⅱ）的吸附实验

研究了Cu(Ⅱ)在泉州湾滩涂沉积物上的吸附行为。探讨了pH和温度对吸附作用的影响，测定了其吸附等温线。实验结果表明，常温下Cu(Ⅱ)在泉州湾滩涂沉积物上的吸附平衡时间约需3．5小时；吸附量随pH的升高先增大而后减少，pH=6．0左右时达最大；吸附量随温度的升高而增大；其吸附行为可以很好地用Langmuir型吸附等温线来描述。并在此基础上初步探讨了Cu(Ⅱ)在泉州湾滩涂沉积物上的吸附机理。     

狭窄海湾潮交换的分段模式Ⅱ.在象山港的应用

作者前文所建立的狭窄海湾潮交换的分段模式的合理性由矩形海湾数值计算结果得到验证，并被应用于象山港海湾水的更新周期估算