Review: recent advances in biogas purifying technologies

Biomethane production through biogas upgrading is a promising renewable energy for some industries which could be part of the equilibrium needed with fossil fuels consumption to achieve a sustainable society. This paper presents a comprehensive list of biogas upgrading technologies focused on carbon dioxide removal as well as recent advances reported by researcher with wide expertise in this topic. Additionally, an extensive costs–performance comparison among the technologies studied is discussed. Among the different alternatives, chemical scrubbing stood out to achieve high biomethane purities while cryogenic technologies proved to be effective against methane losses. Regarding the different costs, water scrubbing and membrane separation seem to be the most affordable techniques.     

CeO2/TiO2纳米管催化剂脱硝性能研究

利用废气中本身含有的CO催化还原烟气中的NO_x,可以实现以废治废。采用TiO₂纳米管负载CeO₂,制备CeO₂/TiO₂纳米管催化剂,并对其进行了SEM表征及影响因素实验。实验结果表明：在n（Ce）∶n（Ti）=3∶7、焙烧温度500 ℃、焙烧时间3 h时制备的CeO₂/TiO₂纳米管催化剂形貌较好,表面颗粒分布相对均匀;反应温度400~600 ℃时NO脱除率达98%;该催化剂具有一定的抗氧性能;当n（SO₂）∶n（NO）=（1∶2）~（2∶1）时,NO脱除率仍然在95%以上。     

Optimal Absorbent Evaluation for the CO2 Separating Process by Absorption Loading,Desorption Efficiency,Cost, and Environmental Tolerance

The CO₂ absorption capacities of potassium glycinate, potassium sarcosinate (choline, proline), mono-ethanolamine (MEA), and tri-ethanolamine were evaluated to find the optimal absorbent for separating CO₂ from gaseous products by a CO₂ purification process. The absorption loading, desorption efficiency, cost, and environmental tolerance were assessed to select the optimal absorbent. MEA was found to be the optimum absorbent for separating the CO₂ and H₂ mixture in gaseous product. The maximum absorption loading rate was 0.77 mol CO₂ per mol MEA at temperature of 20°C and absorbent concentration of 2.5 mol/L, whereas desorption efficiency was 90% by heating for 3 h at 130°C. MEA was found to be an optimal absorbent for the purification process of CO₂ during gaseous production.     

工业用煤气燃烧装置二氧化硫减排方式的讨论

工业用煤气是工业生产中普遍采用的气体燃料,煤气燃烧过程会产生二氧化硫,减少煤气燃烧过程的二氧化硫排放可采用煤气脱硫和烟气脱硫两种方式。本文通过对煤气脱硫工艺及烟气脱硫工艺原理及参数进行对比的方式,讨论工业用燃气燃烧装置的两种二氧化硫减排方式的优缺点,为该类装置脱硫设计提供参考。     

污泥焚烧中二氧化硫检测新方法及污泥处理探讨

对新乡市9个污水处理场污泥预处理后,用测硫仪分析污泥含硫量,并用经验公式根据年污水处理量,估算焚烧污泥方法年二氧化硫排放总量。结果显示：用测硫仪测定污泥含硫量,核算二氧化硫排放量,与现有方法相比,操作简便易行,结果不受采样条件、时间、环境、布点等因素影响,重现性好、完整、精密。同时发现部分污泥含硫量超过规定用煤中含硫量,建议用焚烧方法处置污泥,净化尾气。     

再生条件对钾基CO_2吸附剂吸附性能的影响

通过固定床实验研究了再生条件对钾基CO2吸附剂吸附性能的影响。深入分析了再生温度和气氛对吸附穿透时间和饱和吸附量的影响。研究发现,当再生温度为200℃,N2气氛下再生时效果最佳,在此条件下再生后钾基CO2吸附剂循环性能良好,10次循环后仍然能有很好的吸附效果;再生气氛中有H2O或CO2时会影响再生反应的进行,不利于吸附剂的再生。     

Absorption characteristics of new solvent based on a blend of AMP and 1,8-diamino-p-menthane for CO2 absorption

Aqueous 1,8-diamino-p-menthane (KIER-C3) and commercially available amine solutions were tested for CO₂ absorption. A 2-amino- 2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) solution with an addition of KIER-C3 showed 9.3% and 31.6% higher absorption rate for CO₂ than the AMP solution with an addition of monoethanolamine (MEA) and ammonia (NH₃), respectively. The reaction rate constant for CO₂ absorption by the AMP/KIER-C3 solution was determined by the following equation: k_2,AMP/C3 = 7.702×10⁶ exp (-2248.03/T). A CO₂ loading ratio of the AMP/KIER-C3 solution was also 2 and 3.4-times higher than that of the AMP/NH3 solution and the AMP/MEA solution, respectively. Based on the experimental results, KIER-C3 may be used as an excellent additive to increase CO₂ absorption capability of AMP.     

掺钴水钠锰矿对铅的吸附及对砷的氧化

为了研究过渡金属离子掺杂对锰氧化物作为环境友好材料物理化学性质的影响,在浓盐酸还原高锰酸钾制备水钠锰矿过程中添加氯化钴,在常压回流条件下一步合成了三维纳米微球状水钠锰矿,考察了其铅吸附和砷氧化能力.应用粉晶X射线衍射、化学分析、N2物理吸附、场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等手段表征产物晶体结...     

双极电化学氧化降解水中苯胺

采用钛基氧化物涂层材料（Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5）为阳极,石墨为阴极,在含Fe2＋和不含Fe2＋2种电解质条件下研究了苯胺的电化学氧化降解效率和机制.结果表明,Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5阳极氧化降解有机物的电位约2.0 V±0.1 V,而石墨阴极还原O2生成H2 O2的优化电位为-0.65 V.H2 O2单独作用不能...     

氧气热处理的TiO2纳米管阵列光电催化降解亚甲基蓝的研究

采用原位阳极氧化法在Ti基底上制备了高度有序的TiO2纳米管阵列薄膜,SEM图像表明TiO2纳米管定向排列整齐,分布均匀,其管径范围在70～100 nm.XRD结果证明,阳极氧化法制备的TiO2纳米管为无定型晶型,经退火后为具有良好光催化活性的锐钛矿型.以亚甲基蓝（methylene blue）为目标物研究了TiO2纳米管光电催化性能及影响因素,结果表明,以0.1 mol/L NaCl为电解质,在氧气热处理气氛下,外加偏压为0.5 V、pH=3.25、光照强度为1 000μW/cm2、纳米管薄膜表面积为2 cm×2 cm且MB初始浓度为10 mg/L的条件下,TiO2纳米管阵列薄膜光电催化降解MB的降解效率可达99.56%.电化学阻抗谱分析显示,光电催化降解过程的速控步骤均为表面反应步骤,外加偏压减小了界面电荷转移阻抗,提高了光生载流子的分离效率.