排序方式: 共有17条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
危险生物因子(DBAs)是我国生物安全法防范和应对的主要对象,明确北京郊区河流中DBAs赋存特征对保障北京用水安全具有重要的参考意义. 从微生物学的角度,DBAs指可能对人类、动物、植物和环境等生物体造成重大危害的微生物、毒素和其他生物活性物质. 针对北京郊区河流(牤牛河、潮河和白河),基于宏基因组学研究方法,从DBAs分子生物学组成出发,解析了核酸(抗生素抗性基因,ARGs)、核酸&蛋白(病毒)和完整细胞结构(致病菌)等DBAs的赋存特征. 结果表明,北京郊区河流水样和底质中存在高丰度的多重耐药ARGs,平均占比为74.11% ±6.82%,但主要ARGs亚型为低风险型,传播性较低,牤牛河上游ARGs丰度最高,半城子水库对上游ARGs丰度起到一定控制作用;郊区河流中原核生物病毒多为蓝病毒科(Kyanoviridae)和尾病毒科(Peduoviridae),平均占比为16.98% ±8.44%和16.19% ±10.79%,真核生物病毒为拟菌病毒科(Mimiviriae)和藻类DNA病毒科(Phycodnaviridae),平均占比为10.37% ±12.68%和8.34% ±6.97%,均为对水体中藻类和致病菌的控制具有贡献的病毒科,经过半城子水库后,病毒组分发生剧烈变化,蓝病毒科、拟菌病毒科和藻类DNA病毒科的丰度显著增加. 潮河、白河和牤牛河水体中的病毒群落存在显著差异;致病菌主要包括脑膜炎奈瑟菌(Neisseria meningitidis)、猪布鲁氏菌(Brucella suis)、肠道沙门氏菌(Salmonella enterica)和伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia pseudomalle)等,平均占比分别为19.17% ±3.63%、12.76% ±2.88%、11.22% ±1.95%和8.26% ±1.84%. 不同支流和位点中的致病菌组成和丰度存在显著差异,这可能受到水质、污染源、环境因素和人类活动的影响. 研究结果可为北京市郊区河流水安全管理和生物风险控制提供数据支撑. 相似文献
2.
Evelyne Brisebois Marc Veillette Vanessa Dion-Dupont Jacques Lavoie Jacques Corbeil Alexander Culley Caroline Duchaine 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(5):45-53
Wastewater treatment center(WTC) workers may be vulnerable to diseases caused by viruses, such as the common cold, influenza and gastro-intestinal infections. Although there is a substantial body of literature characterizing the microbial community found in wastewater, only a few studies have characterized the viral component of WTC aerosols,despite the fact that most diseases affecting WTC workers are of viral origin and that some of these viruses are transmitted through the air. In this study, we evaluated in four WTCs the presence of 11 viral pathogens of particular concern in this milieu and used a metagenomic approach to characterize the total viral community in the air of one of those WTCs. The presence of viruses in aerosols in different locations of individual WTCs was evaluated and the results obtained with four commonly used air samplers were compared.We detected four of the eleven viruses tested, including human adenovirus(h Ad V),rotavirus, hepatitis A virus(HAV) and Herpes Simplex virus type 1(HSV1). The results of the metagenomic assay uncovered very few viral RNA sequences in WTC aerosols, however sequences from human DNA viruses were in much greater relative abundance. 相似文献
3.
海洋病毒--一种新的、潜力巨大的赤潮防治工具 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
概述了海洋病毒尤其是藻类病毒(包括原核藻类病毒和真核藻类病毒)的研究进展,以及赤潮发生的新态势和目前赤潮防治方法的不足,评析了海洋病毒与赤潮生物的关系,介绍了藻类病毒在赤潮控制方面所取得的一些成果,强调了海洋病毒在生态环境中的重要作用,提出了利用病毒防治赤潮的可能性及有效性,展望了以病毒调控赤潮的前景.参54 相似文献
4.
为了研究病原微生物在景观水体中的分布特性,采用定量PCR方法,监测了校园景观湖水中指示微生物(粪大肠菌群和大肠杆菌),病原性细菌(沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌)和病毒(肠道病毒、轮状病毒和诺如病毒)等典型肠道微生物的分布及变化情况.结果显示,粪大肠菌群未在景观水体中检出,而其他微生物均可检出,表明该水体未受到来自粪便源的污染,其他病原微生物来源于非粪便来源的面源污染.大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和肠道病毒的检出率(>50%)比其他病原微生物的高;细菌和病毒的浓度分别分布在10-2~101 copies/mL和100~102 copies/mL.统计学分析结果表明,各病原微生物的浓度均服从对数正态分布,大肠杆菌与沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌无显著相关性.而肠道病毒与轮状病毒和诺如病毒在0.05置信水平上显著相关,相关系数分别为0.744和0.609.进一步分析病原微生物在景观水体中一年的变化,结果表明,随着降雨的汇入病原微生物的浓度明显增大,在高温和日光照射可致使病原微生物检出率和浓度明显降低. 相似文献
5.
L. Maunula P. Klemola A. Kauppinen K. Söderberg T. Nguyen T. Pitkänen S. Kaijalainen M. L. Simonen I. T. Miettinen M. Lappalainen J. Laine R. Vuento M. Kuusi M. Roivainen 《Food and environmental virology》2009,1(1):31-36
In Nokia city about 450,000 l of treated sewage water was for 2 days allowed to run into the drinking water supplies of the
city due to a personal error of one employee. Within the next 5 weeks about 1,000 people sought care at the municipal health
centre or regional hospital because of gastroenteritis. Here we report the results of viral analyses performed by gene amplification
assays from the earliest water and sewage samples as well as from close to 300 patient samples. The contaminating treated
sewage was shown to harbour several enteric viruses known to cause acute gastroenteritis. Likewise, the drinking water sample
was positive for noro-, astro-, rota-, entero- and adenoviruses. Noroviruses were also found in 29.8% of stool samples from
affected patients, while astro-, adeno-, rota- and enteroviruses were detected in 19.7, 18.2, 7.5 and 3.7% of the specimens,
respectively.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
6.
昆虫病毒增效蛋白的研究进展 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
杆状病毒是专化性很强的一类双链DNA病毒,主要感染无脊椎动物,特别是鳞翅目昆虫.杆状病毒科又分为3个亚组:核型多角体病毒NPV(Nuclearpolyhedrosisvirus)、颗粒体病毒GV(Granulosisvirus)和非包涵体型杆状病毒(... 相似文献
7.
Abstract: Bumble bees are a group of pollinators that are both ecologically and economically important and declining worldwide. Numerous mechanisms could be behind this decline, and the spread of parasites from commercial colonies into wild populations has been implicated recently in North America. Commercial breeding may lead to declines because commercial colonies may have high parasite loads, which can lead to colonization of native bumble bee populations; commercial rearing may allow higher parasite virulence to evolve; and global movement of commercial colonies may disrupt spatial patterns in local adaptation between hosts and parasites. We assessed parasite virulence, transmission mode, and infectivity. Microparasites and so‐called honey bee viruses may pose the greatest threat to native bumble bee populations because certain risk factors are present; for example, the probability of horizontal transmission of the trypanosome parasite Crithidia bombi is high. The microsporidian parasite Nosema bombi may play a role in declines of bumble bees in the United States. Preliminary indications that C. bombi and the neogregarine Apicystis bombi may not be native in parts of South America. We suggest that the development of molecular screening protocols, thorough sanitation efforts, and cooperation among nongovernmental organizations, governments, and commercial breeders might immediately mitigate these threats. 相似文献
8.
为了解闽江流域福州区段肠道病毒污染状况,病毒污染水平与某些水质因子的相关性,以期建立用简单的方法对水体病毒污染程度进行预测,1998年11月-2000年4月,监测了闽江下游福州段水体肠道病毒污染与水质状况.结果显示,肠道病毒阳性率71.1%,平均病毒浓度5.33pfu/L,其中3个污染控制断面肠道病毒阳性检出率及病毒浓度显著高于对照和削减断面.这表明闽江福州段水环境病毒污染水平同福州市内河生活污水排放有直接的关系,而内河引水冲污工程的实施显然又加剧了闽江水病毒污染程度,增加了饮用水的卫生微生物学危险性.逐步回归分析结果显示,不同水样点的病毒浓度与一定的水质理化和生物因子间有显著性的线性关系,可用于水体环境病毒污染状况及危害程度的简单预测. 相似文献
9.
闽江流域福州过境段水体病毒污染调查分析 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
自1998年11月至2000年4月,监测了闽江福州段病毒污染与水质状况。肠道病毒阳性率71 1%,平均病毒浓度5 33pfu L,植物病毒检出率32 2%,阳性率水样平均浓度0 3006枯斑 升,其中三个污染控制断面肠道内病毒阳性检出率及病毒浓度显著高于对照和消减断面,揭示闽江福州段水环境病毒污染水平同福州市内河生活污水排放有直接关系,而引水内河冲污工程的实施显然又加剧了闽江水病毒污染的程度,增加了饮用水的卫生微生物学危险性。而水体环境中的植物病毒对农业生产存在着潜在的威胁。 相似文献
10.
了解污水稳定塘生态系统去除与灭活植物病毒的效率与机理具有重要的理论和实际意义。 对模型植物病毒———烟草花叶病毒(tobaccomosaicvirus, TMV)的实验结果显示:稳定塘系统中的悬浮固体(SS)可在短时间内吸附TMV且达到一个饱和值。 纯培养的枯草芽孢杆菌及小球藻对TMV的存活无明显不良影响, 而光合细菌和稳定塘中的混合细菌群却对TMV具有灭活作用。 当它们同藻类形成菌藻共生体系时, 对TMV的灭活速率分别从对照的每天0.0404log10(枯斑数·mL-1)升高到0. 相似文献