利用人工食物链处理缫丝废水

在实验室内,缫丝废水经过30小时的人工食物链处理后,COD_(cr),的平均值为25.06mg/l,去除率为84.7%;BOD_5的平均值为4.97mg/l,去除率为93.1%;PO_4~(3-)的平均值为0.07mg/l,去除率为97.2%;DO 以零升至3.2mg/l;嗅阈值为零.但NH_3—N 无去除效果,当停留时间延长至48小时,出处经砂柱过滤时,废水出水的COD_(Mn)为2.71mg/l,BOD_5未测出,已达地面排放标准.试验用的鱼为罗非鱼,经两个月的试验放养后,增重两倍多,成活率为100%,从试验结果可见,人工食物链处理无毒,低浓度的有机废水是一条比较理想的途径.     

Does copper reduce cadmium uptake by different rice genotypes？

A hydroponics experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of copper （Cu） on cadmium （Cd）, calcium （Ca）, iron （Fe）, and zinc （Zn） uptake by several rice genotypes. The experiment was carried out as a 2×2×4 factorial with four rice genotypes and two levels of Cu and Cd in nutrient solution. Plants were grown in a growth chamber with controlled environment. The results showed a significant difference between the biomass of different rice genotypes （P 〈 0.001）. The Cd and Cu concentration in the solution had no significant effect on the biomass. The addition of Cu significantly decreased Cd uptake by shoots and roots of rice （P 〈 0.001）. The Cd concentration did not significantly influence Ca uptake by plants, whereas the Cu concentration did （P = 0.034）. There was a significant influence of Cd on Fe uptake by shoots and roots （P 〈 0.001, P = 0.003, respectively）. Zn uptake decreased significantly as the addition of Cd and Cu increased in shoots. We concluded that Cu had significant influence on Cd uptake. The possible mechanisms were discussed.     

无剩余污泥的多级活性生化处理工艺

介绍了多级活性生化处理 (MSABP)这项新的废水处理技术的原理、技术特点及两个实例运用。这是此项技术在国内的首次运用 ,其最大的优点是无剩余污泥产生 ,不需要沉淀池     

白洋淀水生食物链BHC、DDT生物浓缩分析

为了评价ＢＨＣ和ＤＤＴ在水生食物链的生物累积放大效应,对白洋淀地区端村水域生态系统水生生物对六六六、ＤＤＴ的富集沿食物生物营养等级而递增的规律性较强（当年生鲫鱼例外）,水体,底泥水生维管束植物,浮游动物、底栖动物,当年生鲫鱼及２龄乌鳢体内六六六残留量分别为：０．３μｇ／Ｌ,０．７μｇ／ｋｇ,１９．０μｇ／ｋｇ,３０．０μｇ／ｋｇ,６０．９μｇ／ｋｇ,１７．２μｇ／ｋｇ、１１０．７μｇ／ｋｇ,ＤＤＴ     

影响人体硒低的环境因素——陕西渭北高塬大骨节病区的调查

对陕西渭北高塬的调查研究证明,大骨节病发病率不同的相邻村庄内,居民发中的9种重要生命元素,唯硒的含量与各村居民患病率呈极显著的负相关。同时,该病流行地点的人发中各元素含量唯硒低于国内外健康人的发硒水平.通过对病区内不同地貌环境的土壤及饮水类型分布等项研究,阐明了重、中、轻病村交错分布的人体硒低的原因,这对大骨节病的产生与环境通过食物链导致人体硒低有关又再次提出一些新的依据。     

温血冷血生存之谜

对于动物来说,生存是第一要义,因此不同类型的动物在千百万年的进化中,都找到了最适合的生存方式。     

气候变暖影响南极食物链

ENN环境新闻网新闻2014年1月4日作为食物链的最底层,南极磷虾是巩固南大洋生态系统的基础。但是在现今这个急速变暖的环境中,这些数量众多的甲壳类动物的栖息地正在大幅萎缩。最近一篇发表在美国学术期刊《公共科学图书馆一综合》上的论文表明,科学家预测,南极磷虾可能会失去至少20％的栖息地,     

基于启发式元胞自动机模型的群落演替初期营养级联结效率研究

保护和维持生态系统平衡,非确定性模型的发展使得人们掌握了除确定性模型求解以外的另一条建模途径。在解决生态系统这种复杂系统的问题时,要求我们寻找一种可以满足时空特异性与非线性的途径。群落演替的驱动机制与作用规律是生态研究的一个重要问题,本文通过建立群落演替初期第一第二营养级间相互作用关系的元胞自动机模型研究了营养级联结效率的问题,提出了一种除holling模型以外的捕食者——被捕食者模拟方法,并对各自具有不同特征的生态系统的模拟问题提出了建议。     

Oxidative stress and DNA damages induced by cadmium accumulation

Experimental evidence shows that cadmium （Cd） could induce oxidative stress and then causes DNA damage in animal cells, however, whether such effect exists in plants is still unclear. In the present study, Vicia faba plants was exposed to 5 and 10 mg/L Cd for 4 d to investigate the distribution of Cd in plant, the metal effects on the cell lipids, antioxidative enzymes and DNA damages in leaves. Cd induced an increase in Cd concentrations in plants. An enhanced level of lipid peroxidation in leaves and an enhanced concentration of H2O2 in root tissues suggested that Cd caused oxidative stress in Vicia faba. Compared with control, Cd-induced enhancement in superoxide dismutase activity was significant at 5 mg/L than at 10 mg/kg in leaves, by contrast, catalase and peroxidaseactivities were significantly suppressed by Cd addition. DNA damage was detected by neutral/neutral, alkaline/neutral and alkaline/alkaline Comet assay. Increased levels of DNA damages induced by Cd occurred with reference to oxidative stress in leaves, therefore, oxidative stress induced by Cd accumulation in plants contributed to DNA damages and was possibly an important mechanism of Cd-phytotoxicity in Vicia faba plants.     

基于稳定同位素的水生生物食物链结构特征分析

稳定碳、氮同位素(δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N)技术是研究水生态系统中物质循环、能量流动的重要手段.应用水生生物摄食过程中碳、氮稳定同位素比率会伴随食物链传递过程中分馏作用而变化的特征,以北京地区永定河流域山区河道、永定河流域平原河道、潮白河流域山区河道、北运河流域平原河道为研究对象,共布设30个样点,探究不同流域河道水生生物食物网结构变化特征,定量反映其水生生物摄食关系、营养级、食物网的冗余程度,揭示水生生物食物网结构、物质循环特征.结果表明：(1)北京地区不同流域河道δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N具有显著的空间异质性,不同流域呈现不同上升趋势,永定河流域、潮白河流域山区河道均总体呈现“L”型阶梯上升趋势,永定河流域平原河道呈现■型上升趋势,北运河流域呈现“│”型上升趋势.(2)永定河流域、潮白河流域河道鱼类δ¹⁵N总体稳定在8‰～18‰之间,显著大于北运河流域δ¹⁵N(5‰～15‰).(3)不同流域鱼类δ¹⁵N、δ¹³C形成的矩阵...