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1.
Jay M. Iwasaki Barbara I. P. Barratt Janice M. Lord Alison R. Mercer Katharine J. M. Dickinson 《Ambio》2015,44(7):694-704
The Varroa mite (Varroa destructor) is implicated as a major disease factor in honey bee (Apis mellifera) populations worldwide. Honey bees are extensively relied upon for pollination services, and in countries such as New Zealand and Australia where honey bees have been introduced specifically for commercial pollinator services, the economic effects of any decline in honey bee numbers are predicted to be profound. V. destructor established in New Zealand in 2000 but as yet, Australia remains Varroa-free. Here we analyze the history of V. destructor invasion and spread in New Zealand and discuss the likely long-term impacts. When the mite was discovered in New Zealand, it was considered too well established for eradication to be feasible. Despite control efforts, V. destructor has since spread throughout the country. Today, assessing the impacts of the arrival of V. destructor in this country is compromised by a paucity of data on pollinator communities as they existed prior to invasion. Australia’s Varroa-free status provides a rare and likely brief window of opportunity for the global bee research community to gain understanding of honey bee-native pollinator community dynamics prior to Varroa invasion. 相似文献
2.
Honey-bee (Apis mellifera) colonies exhibit extreme reproductive division of labour. Workers almost always have inactive ovaries and the queen monopolises
egg laying. Although extremely rare, ’anarchistic’ colonies exist in which workers produce male offspring despite the presence
of the queen. By comparing the rates of ovary activation in anarchistic and wild-type bees fostered to host colonies of different
genotype (i.e. anarchist and non-anarchist) and queen status (i.e. queenless and queenright), we investigated the factors
involved in inhibiting ovary activation. Fostered anarchist workers always had a higher level of ovary development than fostered
wild-type bees in both anarchist and non-anarchist host colonies. Fostered workers of both genotypes had more active ovaries
in anarchistic than in wild-type hosts. Fostered workers of both strains also had more active ovaries in queenless than in
queenright hosts. The results suggest that selection for worker reproduction in the anarchistic line has both reduced the
effects of brood and queen pheromones on worker ovary inhibition and increased the likelihood that workers of the anarchistic
line will develop ovaries compared to wild-type workers.
Received: 14 June 2000 / Revised: 26 September 2000 / Accepted: 7 October 2000 相似文献
3.
Madeleine Beekman Rosalyn S. Gloag Naïla Even Wandee Wattanachaiyingchareon Benjamin P. Oldroyd 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(8):1259-1265
All honeybee species make use of the waggle dance to communicate the direction and distance to both food sources and potential
new nest sites. When foraging, all species face an identical problem: conveying information about profitable floral patches.
However, profound differences in nesting biology (some nest in cavities while others nest in the open, often on a branch or
a cliff face) may mean that species have different requirements when dancing to advertise new nest sites. In cavity nesting
species, nest sites are a precise location in the landscape: usually a small opening leading to a cavity in a hollow tree.
Dances for cavities therefore need to be as precise as possible. In contrast, when the potential nest site comprises a tree
or perhaps seven a patch of trees, precision is less necessary. Similarly, when a food patch is advertised, dances need not
be very precise, as floral patches are often large, unless they are so far away that recruits need more precise information
to be able to locate them. In this paper, we study the dance precision of the open-nesting red dwarf bee Apis florea. By comparing the precision of dances for food sources and nest sites, we show that A. florea workers dance with the same imprecision irrespective of context. This is in sharp contrast with the cavity-nesting Apis mellifera that increases the precision of its dance when advertising a potential new home. We suggest that our results are in accordance
with the hypothesis that the honeybees’ dance communication initially evolved to convey information about new nest sites and
was only later adapted for the context of foraging. 相似文献
4.
The waggle dance of the honey bee is a recruitment behavior used to communicate the location of a resource to a nest mate.
There is, however, significant imprecision communicating the direction across waggle runs in a single dance. In this study,
we ask whether honey bee recruits determine the direction of their flight based on an average of many waggle runs, or on a
single waggle run. We show that the distribution of recruit flight directions is narrower than the distribution of directions
indicated in the dance. We also show that there is a better fit between observed flight directions and the prediction of a
multiple-waggle-run-averaging model than a last-waggle-run or other single-waggle-run models. These findings substantially
weaken hypotheses about the adaptive nature of imprecision in honey bee recruitment. 相似文献
5.
Summary. Varroa reproduction is closely synchronized to the development of its host. In this study we present a
new bioassay for field and laboratory tests to evaluate host
factors triggering Varroa oogenesis. Female mites deprived of feeding activated oogenesis when perceiving larval
volatiles. In laboratory assays the living L5-larva and pentane
extracts of the larval cuticle had a clear activating
effect. Wax and larval food did not elicit Varroa oogenesis. The activating components apparently are in the polar fraction
of the cuticular volatiles. The consequences of this
regulative mechanism for the host parasite relationship and
prospects for further research are discussed. 相似文献
6.
Walter M. Farina 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1996,38(1):59-64
Dancing and trophallactic behaviour of forager honey bees, Apis mellifera ligustica >Spinola, that returned from an automatic feeder with a regulated flow rate of 50% weight-to-weight sucrose solution (range:
0.76–7.65 μl/min) were studied in an observation hive. Behavioural parameters of dancing, such as probability, duration and
dance tempo, increased with the nectar flow rate, though with very different response curves among bees. For trophallaxis
(i.e. mouth-to-mouth exchange of food), the frequency of giving-contacts and the transfer rate of the nectar increased with
the nectar flow rate. After unloading, foragers often approached other nest mates and begged for food before returning to
the food source. This behaviour was less frequent at higher nectar flow rates. These results show that the profitability of
a food source in terms of nectar flow rate had a quantitative representation in the hive through quantitative changes in trophallactic
and dancing behaviour. The role of trophallaxis as a communication channel during recruitment is discussed.
Received: 14 January 1995/Accepted after revision: 14 August 1995 相似文献
7.
Mike?H.?AllsoppEmail author Johan?N.?M.?Calis Willem?J.?Boot 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2003,54(6):555-561
Sections of brood from colonies of the Cape honeybee ( Apis mellifera capensis), the African honeybee ( A. m. scutellata), and hybrid bees of the two races were exchanged between colonies to study the effect of different brood-origin/nurse-bee combinations on development of caste characters. When Cape larvae were raised by African workers the amount of food provided almost doubled in comparison with Cape larvae reared by their own workers. In contrast, African larvae raised by Cape workers were provided with only half the amount they received from their own workers. After the bees emerged, we found a large degree of plasticity in characters related to caste differentiation, which corresponded closely to the amount of food provided. Super-fed Cape bees had enlarged spermathecae, were heavier than normal workers and developed more rapidly, and had reduced pollen combs, all typical for a more queen-like condition. Ovariole numbers did not appear to be enhanced by additional feeding. Cape bees that behave as social parasites in African bee colonies were most queen-like in the characters studied, albeit within the range that was found for Cape bees from normal colonies, suggesting within-colony selection for characters that enhance reproduction.Communicated by R. Page 相似文献
8.
Tan K Yang MX Radloff SE Hepburn HR Zhang ZY Luo LJ Li H 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2008,95(12):1165-1168
Although the structure of the dance language is very similar among species of honeybees, communication of the distance component
of the message varies both intraspecifically and interspecifically. However, it is not known whether different honeybee species
would attend interspecific waggle dances and, if so, whether they can decipher such dances. Using mixed-species colonies of
Apis cerana and Apis mellifera, we show that, despite internal differences in the structure of the waggle dances of foragers, both species attend, and act
on the information encoded in each other’s waggle dances but with limited accuracy. These observations indicate that direction
and distance communication pre-date speciation in honeybees. 相似文献
9.
A curious feature of the honeybee's waggle dance is the imprecision in the direction indication for nearby food sources.
One hypothesis for the function of this imprecision is that it serves to spread recruits over a certain area and thus is an
adaptation to the typical spatial configuration of the bees' food sources, i.e., flowers in sizable patches. We report an
experiment that tests this tuned-error hypothesis. We measured the precision of direction indication in waggle dances advertising
a nest site (typically a tree cavity, hence a target that is almost a point) and compared it with that of dances advertising
a food source (typically a flower patch, hence a target that covers an area). The precision of dances for a nearby nest site
was significantly higher than that of dances for an equidistant feeder. This was demonstrated four times with four colonies.
Our evidence therefore supports the hypothesis that the level of precision in the direction indication for nearby food sources
is tuned to its optimum without being at its maximum.
Received: 9 December 1998 / Received in revised form: 24 February 1999 / Accepted 12 March 1999 相似文献
10.
A swarm of honeybees provides a striking example of an animal group performing a synchronized departure for a new location;
in this case, thousands of bees taking off at once to fly to a new home. However, the means by which this is achieved remain
unclear. Shortly before takeoff, one hears a crescendo of a high-pitched mechanical signal—worker piping—so we explored the
role of this signal in coordinating a swarm’s mass takeoff. Specifically, we examined whether exclusively nest site scouts
produce the worker piping signal or whether it is produced in a relay or chain reaction fashion. We found no evidence that
bees other than the scouts that have visited the swarm’s chosen nest site produce piping signals. This absence of relay communication
in piping suggests that it is a signal that only primes swarms for takeoff and that the release of takeoff is triggered by
some other signal or cue; perhaps the takeoff of bees on the swarm periphery as they reach flight temperature in response
to piping. 相似文献