还原-ZPF催化氧化降解2,4-DNT效果及其机制

以实验室制备的α-FeOOH柱撑人造沸石（zeotileartificial pillared byα-FeOOH,ZPF）为催化剂,并利用FTIR与XRD技术进行表征,采用批式实验研究其催化H2O2氧化去除地下水中难降解有机污染物2,4-二硝基甲苯（2,4-DNT）的效能,对比分析不同pH条件下Fe0还原、ZPF催化...     

国外新型药剂应用于滇池藻类污染治理的研究

滇池水藻类含量很高,现已属重富营养化水体。本实验选用国外一种新型除藻剂一去藻247来研究治理滇池水藻类污染,通过投加三个不同浓度的除藻剂,检测得出叶绿素α和总磷都有较好的去除效果,Cu^2＋的残留浓度也没有超标,其中当叶绿素的含量为1000mg/L时,除藻剂的最佳投加量为10mg／L。并用线性回归方程对滇池水体中叶绿素α和总磷的相关性进行了拟合。     

产α-淀粉酶菌株液体培养条件的探讨

目的是探讨在液体培养条件下枯草芽胞杆菌(B.subtilis HY-02)降解淀粉的影响因素。方法是设0、0.5%、1%、1.75%四种淀粉浓度的培养基,接种细菌后,在32℃的温箱、水浴、振荡三种条件下培养,连续检测α-淀粉酶活性及淀粉浓度。结果为温箱、水浴培养:96h后,1%淀粉瓶α-淀粉酶活性、分解淀粉最明显,1.75%淀粉瓶存在抑制酶活性的现象。振荡培养:1.75%淀粉瓶优于其他组。结论是初始淀粉浓度、培养方式对枯草芽胞杆菌α-淀粉酶活性影响较大,也直接影响了淀粉的分解。     

三维花状结构α-FeOOH协同H2O2可见光催化降解双氯芬酸钠

采用油浴回流法,在常压回流反应条件下批量制备出三维花状结构的α-Fe OOH纳米材料,并利用XRD、FT-IR和SEM等仪器对其进行分析表征;以双氯芬酸钠为目标污染物,考察三维花状结构α-Fe OOH纳米材料,在模拟太阳光照射下,催化H2O2降解有机污染物的性能.结果表明,三维花状结构α-Fe OOH由纳米棒自组装形成,纳米棒的长度约400~500 nm,直径约40~60 nm.以模拟可见光为光源,三维花状结构α-Fe OOH与H2O2构成光助异相类Fenton体系,对双氯芬酸钠有良好的光催化降解效果,在90 min内对初始浓度为30 mg·L-1的双氯芬酸钠降解去除率达到99%以上,催化降解反应以羟基自由基氧化反应为主.     

Concentrations of U,U, U,Th, Th,Th, Ra,Ra, Ra,Po, Pb and Pb in drinking water in Italy: reconciling safety standards based on measurements of gross α and β

Some important naturally occurring α- and β-radionuclides in drinking water samples collected in Italy were determined and the radiological quality evaluated. The mean activity concentrations (mBq L⁻¹) of the radionuclides in the water samples were almost in the order: 26 ± 36 (²³⁴U) > 21 ± 30 (²³⁸U) > 8.9 ± 15 (²²⁶Ra) > 4.8 ± 6.3 (²²⁸Ra) > 4.0 ± 4.1 (²¹⁰Pb) > 3.2 ± 3.7 (²¹⁰Po) > 2.7 ± 1.2 (²¹²Pb) > 1.4 ± 1.8 (²²⁴Ra) > 1.1 ± 1.3 (²³⁵U) > 0.26 ± 0.39 (²²⁸Th) > 0.0023 ± 0.0009 (²³⁰Th) > 0.0013 ± 0.0006 (²³²Th). The mean estimated dose (μSv yr⁻¹) to an adult from the water intake was in this order: 2.8 ± 3.3 (²¹⁰Po) > 2.4 ± 3.2 (²²⁸Ra) > 2.1 ± 2.1 (²¹⁰Pb) > 1.8 ± 3.1 (²²⁶Ra) > 0.94 ± 1.30 (²³⁴U) > 0.70 ± 0.98 (²³⁸U) > 0.069 ± 0.087 (²²⁴Ra) > 0.036 ± 0.044 (²³⁵U) > 0.014 ± 0.021 (²²⁸Th) > 0.012 ± 0.005 (²¹²Pb) > 0.00035 ± 0.00029 (²³⁰Th) > 0.00022 ± 0.00009 (²³²Th). It is obvious that ²¹⁰Po, ²²⁸Ra, ²¹⁰Pb and ²²⁶Ra are the most important dose contributors in the drinking water intake. As far as the seventeen brands of analysed drinking water were concerned, the committed effective doses were in the range of 2.81–38.5 μSv yr⁻¹, all well below the reference level of the committed effective dose (100 μSv yr⁻¹) recommended by the WHO. These data throw some light on the scale of the radiological impact on the public from some naturally occurring radionuclides in drinking water, and can also serve as a comparison for the dose contribution from artificial radionuclides released to the environment as a result of human practices. Based on the radionuclide composition in the analysed waters, comment was made on the new screening level for gross α activity in guidelines for drinking-water quality recommended by the WHO, 2004.     

双氯芬酸的吸附去除过程与机制

研究了非甾体抗炎药双氯芬酸的吸附去除过程与机制。对吸附处理效果较好的活性炭与纳米羟基氧化铁（α-FeOOH）进行了比表面积、Zeta电位等表面特性的表征，研究比较了双氯芬酸在活性炭与α—FeOOH2种材料上的吸附去除效果与吸附机制。结果表明，在相同的实验条件下，活性炭与α-FeOOH对双氯芬酸吸附去除率可分别达到97．9％和84．3％；双氯芬酸在活性炭上的吸附主要是由于活性炭较大的比表面积与疏水分配作用，在α-FeOOH上的吸附主要是由于静电引力作用；活性炭与α-FeOOH对双氯芬酸的吸附去除效果均随pH的升高而降低；在pH=6时，活性炭与α-FeOOH对双氯芬酸钠的吸附等温线均符合Langmuir方程，单位饱和吸附量分别为109．98mg／g和58．96mg／g；活性炭对双氯芬酸具有更强的吸附能力。     

Maternal serum free α-human chorionic gonadotrophin levels in twin pregnancies: Implications for screening for Down's syndrome

Maternal serum free α-human chorionic gonadotrophin (free α-hCG) levels were determined in twin and singleton pregnancies at 15–22 weeks of gestation using a set of stored serum samples relating to 200 twin pregnancies and 600 singleton control pregnancies matched for gestational age and duration of storage. Free α-hCG values are, on average, 1·66 times greater in twin pregnancies than in singleton pregnancies (95 per cent confidence interval 1·56–1·76). If maternal serum free α-hCG is used in screening for Down's syndrome, values in twin pregnancies can be adjusted using this result so that screening can be performed in twin pregnancies as well as in singleton pregnancies.     

Experimentally nonylphenol-polluted diet induces the expression of silent genes VTG and ERα in the liver of male lizard Podarcis sicula

Endocrine Disruptor Chemicals (EDCs) with estrogen-like properties i.e nonylphenol (NP) induce vitellogenin (VTG) synthesis in males of aquatic and semi-aquatic specie. In the oviparous species VTG is a female-specific oestrogen dependent protein. Males are unable to synthesize VTG except after E₂ treatment.This study aimed to verify if NP, administered via food and water, is able to induce the expression of VTG even in males of vertebrates with a terrestrial habitat such as the lizard Podarcis. By means of ICC, ISH, W/B and ELISA we demonstrated that NP induces the presence of VTG in the plasma and its expression in the liver. VTG, undetectable in untreated males, reaches the value of 4.34 μg/μl in the experimental ones. Expression analysis and ISH in the liver showed that an NP-polluted diet also elicits the expression of ERα in the liver which is known to be related to VTG synthesis in Podarcis.     

泸沽湖沉积物α纤维素的提取及其稳定碳同位素研究初探

湖泊沉积是环境气候变化的敏感指示器 ,在沉积过程中有机大分子α纤维素不易发生降解 ,其碳链上的C、H、O原子也不会与外界发生交换 ,故沉积物α纤维素的碳同位素能真实地反映原始环境信息。湖泊沉积物中的α纤维素含量少 ,笔者经过反复条件试验 ,得出了从湖泊沉积物提取α纤维素的简便可行的方法。泸沽湖是云贵高原上一半封闭湖泊 ,湖区人为活动干扰较微弱 ,该湖对环境变化敏感。笔者提取了泸沽湖沉积物柱的α纤维素 ,并研究了其碳同位素 ,结果表明 ,α纤维素碳同位素灵敏、精确地反映了该湖一百年来的环境信息 :泸沽湖沉积物有机质以内生为主 ;气候变化趋势为冷—暖—冷—暖。     

4种具有α-季碳结构的对位壬基酚异构体的合成和表征

不同来源工业壬基酚混合物(t-NP)中对位壬基酚(p-NP)异构体的组成各不相同,各异构体之间在环境行为等方面也存在着较大差异,因此在壬基酚的环境归趋、生态毒性以及雌激素活性等研究中迫切需要t-NP中不同单个异构体作为模型化合物,然而目前市场上能购买到的直链壬基酚(4-n-NP)异构体不能作为代表.以苯酚和4种含分支结构的壬醇为原料(苯酚与壬醇摩尔比为4:1),以BF3为催化剂,按照Friedel-Crafts烷基化方法合成了t-NP中常见的4种烷基链具有α-季碳结构的对位壬基酚的异构体,即4(3′,5′-二甲基-3′-庚基)-苯酚(p353NP),4(3′,6′-二甲基-3′-庚基)-苯酚(p363NP),4(2′,6′-二甲基-2′-庚基)-苯酚(p262NP)和4(3′-甲基-3′-辛基)-苯酚(p33NP).合成的壬基酚粗产物用硅胶柱色谱法提纯后的纯度达99%,并经紫外可见分光光度计、荧光分光光度计、HPLC、GC-MS、1H-和13C-NMR进行了表征.合成的4种p-NP异构体可被用于壬基酚的雌激素活性、毒理、代谢和环境归趋等研究.