Inhibitory effects of nisin-coated multi-walled carbon nanotube sheet on biofilm formation from Bacillus anthracis spores

Multi-walled carbon nanotube（MWCNT） sheet was fabricated from a drawable MWCNT forest and then deposited on poly（methyl methacrylate） film. The film was further coated with a natural antimicrobial peptide nisin. We studied the effects of nisin coating on the attachment of Bacillus anthracis spores, the germination of attached spores, and the subsequent biofilm formation from attached spores. It was found that the strong adsorptivity and the super hydrophobicity of MWCNTs provided an ideal platform for nisin coating. Nisin coating on MWCNT sheets decreased surface hydrophobicity, reduced spore attachment, and reduced the germination of attached spores by 3.5 fold, and further inhibited the subsequent biofilm formation by 94.6% compared to that on uncoated MWCNT sheet. Nisin also changed the morphology of vegetative cells in the formed biofilm.The results of this study demonstrated that the anti-adhesion and antimicrobial effect of nisin in combination with the physical properties of carbon nanotubes had the potential in producing effective anti-biofilm formation surfaces.     

全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)和多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)复合对斑马鱼外周血红细胞DNA的损伤

为了评价全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)和多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)对水环境及鱼类的影响,以斑马鱼为模式生物,研究了PFOS和MWCNTs复合对斑马鱼外周血红细胞的DNA损伤。将成年斑马鱼暴露于PFOS(0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6 mg·L-1)、MWCNTs(50 mg·L-1)、PFOS+MWCNTs(0.2+50、0.4+50、0.8+50、1.6+50 mg·L-1)和对照溶液中30 d后,断尾取血进行微核试验和彗星试验。结果表明:PFOS和MWCNTs均可造成斑马鱼外周血红细胞的DNA损伤。1.6 mg·L-1PFOS处理组的微核率、Olive尾矩及尾长分别为(36.3±0.25)‰、(87.91±14.90)μm和(250.49±34.71)μm。PFOS与MWCNTs复合后,斑马鱼外周血红细胞的DNA损伤效应明显降低。复合处理组斑马鱼外周血红细胞的微核率、Olive尾矩及尾长均低于PFOS单独处理相。1.6 mg·L-1复合处理组的微核率、Olive尾矩及尾长比PFOS单独处理组分别降低了24.7%、68.9%、52.4%。因此,在实验浓度范围内,MWCNTs可以降低PFOS对斑马鱼外周血红细胞的DNA损伤。     

In vitro cytotoxicity of multi-wall carbon nanotubes on human cell lines

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro toxicity of two multi-wall carbon nanotubes on four different cell lines: human alveolar epithelial (A549) cells, hepatocytes (Hep 3B cells), human embryonic kidney cells, and intestinal (P407 cells) cells. The adverse effects of carbon nanoparticles were analyzed after 24 h incubation with different cell lines using the trypan blue dye exclusion method. Incubation of carbon nanotubes with different cells produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of growth of the cells. The TC₅₀ or IC₅₀ values (toxic concentration 50, i.e., concentration of particles inducing 50% cell mortality) of two nanoparticles were (1) found to be in the range 23.5–30.5 µg mL^?1, and (2) less than that of quartz (known toxic agent, 28.8–66.9 µg mL^?1), indicating the greater cytotoxic effect of carbon nanoparticles than quartz particles.     

钯修饰碳纳米管电极电催化氧化三氯生

采用钯修饰多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)电极电催化氧化降解三氯生,考察了极板间距、电流密度、离子强度、pH、初始浓度和电解时间对三氯生去除效率的影响,并探讨了其反应动力学。结果表明:钯修饰多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)电极电催化氧化降解三氯生的最佳条件为:三氯生初始浓度为50 mg/L,电流密度约为10 mA/cm2,极板间距为1 cm,pH为11,电解质Na2SO4浓度为1 000 mg/L。此条件下,反应时间为3 h时三氯生的去除率可达到99%以上,三氯生的降解为零级反应。     

CdS-TiO2/MWCNTs结构表征及其光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法,制备了多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）负载的双组分复合半导体光催化剂CdS-TiO2/MWCNTs。通过透射电镜（TEM）、比表面分析（BET）、X射线衍射（XRD）和紫外-可见吸收光谱（UV-vis）等分析方法对光催化剂进行了结构表征,并考察了CdS-TiO2/MWCNTs对甲苯降解的光催化性能。结果表明：纳米活性粒子CdS-TiO2均匀负载于MWCNTs上,比表面积、光吸收阈值和强度增大,活性粒子间以及活性粒子与载体之间具有协同作用,有利于光催化性能的提高,CdS-TiO2/MWCNTs在主波长为254 nm紫外光照射下对甲苯的降解效果较好,去除率可达55.3%。     

碳纳米管负载纳米四氧化三铁多相类芬顿降解亚甲基蓝

在课题组前期研究的基础上,以碳纳米管(MWCNTs)为载体制备了Fe3O4/MWCNTs复合物并作为催化剂,以染料亚甲基蓝(MB)为降解对象,研究了该催化剂催化H2O2对亚甲基蓝溶液的降解特性及其影响因素,并考察了催化剂的重复使用效果,探讨了催化反应的机理.结果表明,在pH值3~8的范围内,催化反应体系都能有效降解MB,最佳pH值为3.5.随着催化剂投量的增加,MB的降解率明显提高,500 mg·L-1催化剂投量条件下,MB的降解率最高.随着H2O2初始浓度的增加,MB的降解率增加,10 mmol·L-1时MB的降解率最高.溶液中共存的阴离子会降低MB的降解率.在最佳条件,即温度25℃、H2O2浓度10 mmol·L-1、催化剂浓度500 mg·L-1的条件下,0.20 mmol·L-1MB在30 min内的降解率达到99.1%.催化剂重复使用后仍然具有较好的催化活性,说明Fe3O4在MWCNTs表面负载比较牢固,催化剂具有反复使用的能力.催化反应机理是催化剂催化H2O2产生羟基自由基,高活性的羟基自由基氧化MB.     

Contamination and bioaccumulation of benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers in fish from Manila Bay, the Philippines using an ultra-fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Methyl methacrylate (MMA) is grafted on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by using N₂ plasma technique. The MMA grafted MWCNTs (MWCNT-g-pMMA) are characterized by using Raman spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis-differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA), and potentiometric acid-base titration method. The application of MWCNT-g-pMMA in the removal of 4,4′-dichlorinated biphenyl (4,4′-DCB) from large volumes of aqueous solutions is investigated under ambient conditions. The results indicate that the adsorption of 4,4′-DCB on MWCNT-g-pMMA is much higher than that of 4,4′-DCB on MWCNTs, and the adsorbed 4,4′-DCB is difficult to be thermally decomposed from MWCNT-g-pMMA according to the TGA-DTA analysis. MWCNT-g-pMMA are suitable materials in the preconcentration and immobilization of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from large volumes of aqueous solutions in environmental pollution cleanup.     

沉积物中不同浓度多壁碳纳米管对Cd和BDE-47生态毒性的影响

随着碳纳米管的广泛应用,其将不可避免地进入环境中.由于其具有极好的吸附亲和力和吸附容量,碳纳米管可以充当环境中持久性有毒污染物的载体,从而改变共存污染物的生物有效性和生态毒性.为评价淡水沉积物中不同多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)对Cd和BDE-47生态毒性的影响,采用沉积物慢性生物测试研究了不同浓度MWCNTs存在下Cd和BDE-47对铜锈环棱螺肝胰脏抗氧化防御系统关键成分超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)与Ⅱ相解毒反应的关键酶谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)以及脂质过氧化损伤指标丙二醛(MDA)的影响.结果表明,沉积物中低浓度MWCNTs(0.5 mg·g~(-1))增强Cd对铜锈环棱螺的氧化胁迫,中、高浓度(5、50 mg·g~(-1))MWCNTs引起Cd对铜锈环棱螺的氧化损伤,MWCNTs的存在显著增强了沉积物中Cd对铜锈环棱螺的毒性,而且具有浓度-效应关系;低浓度MWCNTs不影响BDE-47对铜锈环棱螺的毒性,中、高浓度MWCNTs显著降低BDE-47的毒性,同样具有明显的浓度-效应关系.因此,在评价MWCNTs的潜在环境风险时,不仅考虑MWCNTs自身的毒性,还应当考虑MWCNTs的浓度、共存污染物的种类和MWCNTs与共存污染物之间的相互作用.     

不同纳米材料作用下菲对鲫鱼的毒性效应

研究了纳米材料(多壁碳纳米管和纳米氧化锌)泄漏进入水环境后吸附多环芳烃(菲)对水生生态系统可能造成的影响及其影响机制,以便能及早采取相应的风险管理措施.实验结果表明,多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)显著降低了菲(Phe)在鲫鱼肌肉和肝脏中的富集,但增加了其在鱼脑中的富集量;C-Phe组菲在眼部、胚胎和生殖腺中含量均高于ZnO-Phe组.MWCNTs、nZnO与菲均诱导鲫鱼脑部和肝脏组织中自由基的生成.     

酶催化降解四溴双酚A反应引起的碳纳米管急性毒性变化

辣根过氧化物酶催化去除四溴双酚A的反应能够改变多壁碳纳米管(multiwall carbon nanotubes,MWCNTs)在水环境中的稳定性。为探究该反应对碳纳米管生态毒性效应的影响,选择大型蚤(Daphnia magna)和斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)作为受试生物,分别考察了反应前后MWCNTs对大型蚤的急性毒性以及对斜生栅藻的生长抑制和藻细胞色素的影响。结果表明,在1~10 mg·L-1的暴露浓度下,与原始的MWCNTs相比,反应后的MWCNTs对大型蚤的急性毒性明显减弱。在10 mg·L-1的暴露剂量下,原始的MWCNTs造成大型蚤的死亡率高达65%,而反应后的MWCNTs引起大型蚤的死亡率仅为23%。此外,反应前后的MWCNTs对斜生栅藻的生长均有抑制作用。随着暴露浓度的增大,藻细胞密度、叶绿素a和b的含量逐渐降低。与原始MWCNTs相比,反应后的MWCNTs对斜生栅藻的毒性明显减弱。上述研究结果为评价MWCNTs的环境风险提供了基础数据。