Algicidal activity of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bung on Microcystis aeruginosa—Towards identification of algicidal substance and determination of inhibition mechanism

The present study was to isolate and identify a potent algicidal compound from extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza and study the potential inhibition mechanism on Microcystis aeruginosa. Column chromatography and bioassay-guided fractionation methods were carried out to yield neo-przewaquinone A, which was identified by spectral analysis. The EC50 of neo-przewaquinone A on M. aeruginosa were 4.68 mg L⁻¹. In addition, neo-przewaquinone A showed relatively higher security on Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus obliquus, with the EC50 values of 14.78 and 10.37 mg L⁻¹, respectively. For the potential inhibition mechanisms, neo-przewaquinone A caused M. aeruginosa cells morphologic damage or lysis, increased malondialdehyde content and decreased the soluble protein content, total antioxidant and superoxide dismutase activity, and significantly inhibited three photosynthesis-related genes (psaB, psbD, and rbcL). The results demonstrated the algicidal effect of neo-przewaquinone A on M. aeruginosa and provided the possible inhibition mechanisms.     

丹参提取液对球形红细菌菌体蛋白及几种酶的影响

为探索球形红细菌对丹参的生物转化机理,采用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(N-PAGE)分别对丹参水提液、醇提液、醇水提液培养后球形红细菌菌体及纯球形红细菌(PRS)菌体蛋白质(Pro)、酯酶(EST)、细胞色素氧化酶(COD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)进行分析,比较用丹参提取液培养前后球形红细菌菌体蛋白及4种酶的同工酶变化.结果表明:丹参提取液培养前后球形红细菌菌体蛋白及4种酶的同工酶谱带差别较大,同工酶的电泳迁移率、活性、所表达同工酶的数目及分布均有差异,培养d 2～6蛋白及酶表达量变化最大,d 14～20基本稳定.研究表明丹参能诱导球形红细菌生成新的蛋白质及酶,亦可抑制某些蛋白质和酶的合成;这些蛋白和酶可能参与了丹参化学成分的生物转化.图4参22     

Effect of cadmium in the soil on growth,secondary metabolites and metal uptake in Salvia miltiorrhiza

We investigated the effect of Cd with different concentrations in soil (control, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg kg^?1) on Salvia miltiorrhiza. The growth of S. miltiorrhiza was examined at 90 and 120 d, while active components were tested at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 d; Cd uptake was measured at days 0, 90, and 120. The biomass data indicated that high Cd concentration can stimulate the accumulation of biomass after a long treatment. The Cd content in the above- and below-ground parts strongly corresponds to the bioavailable Cd extracted by ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and acetic acid. The Cd content in the below-ground parts of control approached the Cd standards given by World Health Organization after 120 d. The Cd content in the below-ground parts of S. miltiorrhiza at a Cd concentration of 0.5 mg kg^?1 exceeded the Cd standards after being grown for 90 and 120 days. The accumulation of hydrosoluble components in the above-ground parts appeared later than that in the below-ground parts. With longer treatment time, high Cd treatment promoted an accumulation of hydrosoluble and liposoluble components. The Cd content in the below-ground plant parts indicated that there was still a risk of exceeding the Cd limit for S. miltiorrhiza grown in the soil contaminated by low-concentration Cd after a long time.     

Consumer health risk to pesticide residues in Salvia officinalis L. and its infusions

Salvia officinalis L. is a popular herb widely used in culinary, cosmetic, and medicinal preparations, and also as an ornamental plant. Sage crops are threatened by many diseases, such as gray mold, powdery mildew, and leaf spot, by weeds, and by pests, such as aphids. Use of crop protection products may lead to presence of pesticide residues in this herb. The aim of this work was to study presence of pesticide residues in the herb, S. officinalis L., available on the retail market in Poland, to verify their compliance with the maximum residue levels (MRLs) and to assess the chronic and acute risks associated with consumption of this herb and infusions prepared from contaminated sage plants. Ninety active substances of pesticides were analyzed, including all active substances registered in Poland for protection of the sage. Five active substances were found, one fungicide – boscalid and four insecticides: chlorpyrifos, pp′-DDT, dimethoate (residue levels above MRL) and indoxacarb. The chronic and acute exposure to pesticide residues consumed with sage did not exceed 0.02% of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) and 0.1% of the acute reference dose (ARfD), respectively.     

2种鼠尾草对模拟酸雨胁迫的耐受性比较及其生理机制研究

为探究2种具有较高药用和观赏价值的鼠尾草对酸雨的耐受性及其生理机制,以美丽鼠尾草(Salvia meiliensis S.W.Su)和贵州鼠尾草(Salvia cavaleriei Lévl.)为试验材料,分析了2种鼠尾草在不同p H(6.8、5.6、4.5、3.5和2.5)模拟酸雨胁迫下伤害等级、叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶活性以及丙二醛和有机渗透调节物质含量的变化。结果显示:模拟酸雨对美丽鼠尾草的伤害程度高于贵州鼠尾草;随着p H的下降,2种鼠尾草叶片叶绿素a、b和总含量逐渐降低,但贵州鼠尾草叶片叶绿素a、b和总含量高于美丽鼠尾草,并以较高的叶绿素a/b适应模拟酸雨胁迫;2种鼠尾草在模拟酸雨胁迫下产生了适应性反应,表现为叶片可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量以及超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性的升高,但这一适应性反应被降低的过氧化氢酶活性严重削弱;模拟酸雨胁迫下,贵州鼠尾草叶片SOD、POD和CAT活性均高于美丽鼠尾草,叶片MDA含量低于美丽鼠尾草。研究表明,尽管美丽鼠尾草渗透调节能力很强,但其抗氧化酶活性、叶绿素含量和叶绿素a/b都低于贵州鼠尾草,使其膜脂过氧化程度较高、对光能的吸收和转化效率较低,是其对模拟酸雨的耐受性低于贵州鼠尾草的重要原因。     

丹参冠瘿组织培养特性及培养动力学研究

研究了丹参冠瘿组织悬浮培养过程的培养特性及细胞的生长和丹参酮的合成规律,并建立了丹参冠瘿组织生长、底物消耗和产物积累的分相动力学模型,模型计算结果与实验值吻合较好．丹参冠瘿组织悬浮培养系,由淡黄色、近圆形、ｄ ５～１０ ｍｍ 的颗粒组成,培养液纯清;丹参冠瘿组织生长周期Ｔ＝２０ ～２５ ｄ,３ ～７ ｄ 近似为指数生长期, 比生长速率μ＝０ ．１６ ｄ－１ ,７ ～１３ ｄ 近似为恒速生长期,生长速率ｄＣＸｄｔ ＝ ０．６９ ｇ Ｌ－１ ｄ－１ ;１３～２１ ｄ 为减速生长期．ｄ ２１ 达最大生物质量浓度ＣＸ,ｍａｘ ＝１０．９ ｇ Ｌ－１ , 丹参酮积累质量浓度Ｃｐ＝ ８．４ ｍｇ Ｌ－１ ．