几类有机污染物的微塑料/水分配系数的线性溶解能关系模型

水体中的微塑料会吸附其中的有机污染物,影响有机污染物和微塑料的环境归趋和生态毒性。研究微塑料对有机污染物的吸附行为,对于评价有机污染物和微塑料的环境赋存、迁移及生物有效性有重要意义。污染物在微塑料与水之间的平衡分配系数(Kd),是表征微塑料对有机污染物吸附能力的重要参数。实验方法难以逐个测定众多有机污染物的Kd值,有必要发展其预测模型。本研究搜集了有机污染物的线性溶解能关系(LSER)参数及Kd值,构建了可预测有机污染物在聚丙烯微塑料与海水、聚乙烯微塑料与海水、聚乙烯微塑料与淡水之间Kd值的LSER模型。模型具有良好的拟合优度(R2adj介于0.794~0.903)、稳健性(Q2LOO和Q2BOOT分别介于0.763~0.863和0.720~0.804)和预测能力(R2ext和Q2ext分别介于0.886~0.971和0.825~0.954),能够用于预测多氯联苯、多环芳烃、六氯环已烷和氯苯类有机污染物的Kd值。     

氯苯类有机物生物降解性及共代谢作用研究

 利用测定微生物呼吸耗氧量的方法，对氯苯类中的5种优先污染物：氯苯，邻、间、对－二氯苯，1，2，4－三氯苯的生物降解性能进行测试，比较了它们用不同的驯化污泥试验的生物降解性能差异。结果表明，五种氯苯在各自驯化污泥作用下的降解性易难顺序为：氯苯＞邻二氯苯＞间二氯苯＞对二氯苯＞1，2，4－三氯苯，对于氯苯、邻二氯苯、间二氯苯分别驯化污泥，它们能彼此降解，但不能降解对二氯苯和1，2，4－三氯苯，对于对二氯苯和1，2，4－三氯苯分别驯化污泥，对5种受试有机物都能产生降解作用，且能提高它们的生物降解速率。分析表明，5种受试物诱导产生了两种不同类型的酶系统，共代谢作用在它们的生物降解过程中发挥了重要作用。     

珠江口水、沉积物及水生动物中氯苯类有机物的含量及分布

对珠江口水、沉积物及水生动物体内氯苯类有机物(CBs)的污染现状进行了调查,并对该类污染物在水体多介质体系中的转移分配规律进行了初步研究1.结果表明,珠江口表层水中CBs的总浓度为16.44～963.20ng·L-,DCBs(二氯苯)对污染的贡献较为突出,占74.4%;表层沉积物(干重)中CBs总含量为7.83～40.09 ng·g-1,DCBs、TCBs(三氯苯)、TeCBs(四氯苯)、PeCB(五氯苯)和HCB(六氯苯)分别占总量的71.4%、11.1%、13.0%、1.2%、3.6%;水生动物中贝类的CBs平均含量是38873.0ng·g-1、鱼类为2360.3ng·g-1、虾类则为565.0ng·g-1,DCBs和TeCBs是水生动物体内的主要污染物.CBs在水、沉积物及生物体之间存在明显的富集和放大作用.     

MWNTs/TiO2对典型氯苯类化合物的光催化降解研究

研究复合光催化剂MWNTs/TiO2对典型氯苯类有机化合物光催化降解动力学及主要光降解路径.结果表明,同一初始浓度和相同光催化降解实验条件下,60min时典型氯苯类有机化合物的光降解率均达到90%以上.其中六氯苯和五氯苯的光催化降解速率常数分别为0.0664h-1和0.0670h-1,其大小明显高于其它氯苯类化合物.1,二氯苯的光催化降解反应速率常数仅为0.0430h4--1,在典型氯苯类化合物中最小.三氯苯的3种同分异构体——1,3-三氯苯、24-三氯苯和1,5-三氯苯的光催化降解速率常数分别为0.0547h2,1,,3,-1、0445h0.-1和0.0439h-1.六氯苯的主要光催化降解路径为:HCB→PeCB→1,2,3,5-TeCB→1,2,4-TCB→1,4-DCB.     

Relationships between octan‐1‐ol/water partition coefficients,aqueous activity coefficients and reversed phase HPLC capacity factors of alkylbenzenes,chlorobenzenes, chloronaphthalenes and chlorobiphenyls

Linear relationships between logarithms of octan‐1‐ol/water partition coefficients (K_d,oct), aqueous activity coefficients (y_aq) and extrapolated RP HPLC capacity factors (k‘_w) are found for four types of aromatic hydrocarbons (alkylbenzenes and poly‐chlorinated benzenes, ‐naphthalenes and ‐biphenyls).

Both log K,_d,oct and logk‘_w increase with the increasing number of chlorine or methyl‐ene substituents. These increases of log K,_d,oct and log k‘_w are proportional and almost independent of the parent compound. In addition, these increases are linear to increases of logy_aq. The slopes of logk‘_w‐logy_aq and log K,_d,oct‐logv_aq relationships deviate significantly from 1.0. This suggests that the activity coefficients of the test compounds in both octan‐1‐ol and in the stationary phase of the RP column increase after substitution of aromatic compounds with methylene or chlorine.     

大同市地表水及工业废水中氯苯和酚类化合物的监测

对流经大同市的主要河流和重点工业污染源所排放废水中的氯苯和酚类化合物做了分析测定.对酚类化合物的测定方法进行了改进.研究表明,大同市污染源对御河氯苯类污染物贡献较小,焦化厂酚类化合物排放量较高.     

氯苯驯化活性污泥对同类有机物的好氧降解性比较研究

利用测定微生物呼吸耗氧量的方法,对氯苯类中的５种优先污染物：氯苯,邻,间,对－二氯苯１,２,４－三氯苯,用接种活性污泥和经氯苯驯化的污泥地它们的生物降解性能进行了测试。实验结果表明,用未经驯化的污泥,５种氯苯皆存在的抑制作用,抑制作用的大小和抑制时间的长短氯代程度和浓度的影响,用氯苯将此污泥驯化后,该污染不仅表现出对苯具有降解能力,而且也表现出邻二氯苯,间二氯苯等同类有机物的共代谢降解能力,经分析     

Chlorobenzenes and organochlorinated pesticides in vegetable soils from an industrial site, China

Organochlorinated compounds are ubiquitous contaminants in the environment, especially in industrial sites. The objective of the work was to investigate whether a vegetable field near an industrial site is safe for vegetable production. The residues of chlorobenzenes (CBs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) in a vegetable field which was near a chemical plant in China were characterized. Point estimate quotient was used for ecological risk assessment of the investigated site. The results showed that all CBs except monochlorobenzene (MCB) were detected in soils. The total concentrations of ∑CBs ranged from 71.06 to 716.57 ng/g, with a mean concentration of 434.93 ng/g. The main components of CBs in soil samples were dichlorobenzenes (DCBs), trichlorobenzenes (TCBs) and tetrachlorobenzenes (TeCBs), while for single congeners, 1,2,4-TCB had the highest concentration, which ranged from 13.21 to 210.35 ng/g with a mean concentration of 111.89 ng/g. Residues of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in soil samples ranged from 0.9 to 11.79 ng/g, significantly lower than ∑DCB, ∑TCB and ∑TeCB. Concentrations of ∑HCHs and ∑DDTs in soils ranged from 11.32 to 55.24 ng/g and from 195.63 to 465.58 ng/g, respectively, of which the main components were αup-HCH and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE). Ecological risk assessment for the investigated site showed that the most potential risks were from TCBs and TeCBs, based on the hazard quotients. The higher residues of CBs and DDTs compared to the target values and the higher than 1 hazard quotients indicated that this area is not safe for vegetable production and thus soil remediation is needed.     

Chlorobenzenes in waterweeds from the Xijiang River （Guangdong section） of the Pearl River

The Xijiang River is the major source of water for about 4.5 millions of urban population and 28.7 millions of rural population. The water quality is very important for the health of the rural population. The concentration and distribution of chlorobenzenes (CBs) in both water and waterweeds collected from 4 stations in the Xijiang River (Gangdong section) of the Pearl River in April and November were determined. The result showed that nearly every congener of CBs was detected. The total contents of CBs (∑CBs) in the river water ranged from 111.1 to 360.0 ng/L in April and from 151.9 to 481.7 ng/L in November, respectively. The pollution level of CBs in the water in April was higher than that in November. The contents of ∑ CBs in waterweeds ranged from 13.53×102 μg/g to 38.27×102μg/g dry weight (dw). There was no significant difference between April and November in waterweeds. The distribution of CBs in roots, caulis, and leaves of Vallisneria spiralis L. showed different patterns. The leaves mainly contained low-molecular-weight CBs(DCBs), whereas the roots accumulated more PCBs and HCBs. The average lgBCFlip (bioconcentration factor) of CBs ranged from 0.64 to 3.57 in the waterweeds. The spatial distribution character of CBs in the Xijiang River was: Fengkai County ＜ Yunan County ＜Yun'an County ＜ Gaoyao County according to the ∑CBs, and the pollution deteriorated from the upstream to the downstream of the Xijiang River. Further analysis demonstrated that the discharge of waste containing CBs may be the main source of CBs pollution in the Xijiang River.     

区域土壤中氯苯类化合物测定及分布研究

以区域内16个土壤样品为研究对象，采用超声波萃取法对样品中的氯苯类污染物进行提取，并用气相色谱仪分类和测定，以保留时间定性，外标法定量。结果表明，利用超声波提取土壤中氯苯类是可行的，并能够进行分类检出；预处理中提取的最佳、合理的溶剂为正己烷；实验还得出了11种氯苯类化合物在18min内全部流出的最佳色谱条件。检测数据显示区域土壤内主要氯苯类污染物为二氯苯、四氯苯和六氯苯。