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排序方式: 共有32条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Abstract

Acute and chronic toxicity tests with lindane were conducted on Daphnia magna. The 24‐hr static LC50 was 1.64 mgL‐1. The sublethal effects of 0.16, 0.25, 0.32, 0.60 and 0.80 mgL‐1 lindane on the survival, reproduction and growth of D. magna were monitored for 21 days. The algae Nannochloris oculata (5 × 105 cellsmL‐1) was used to feed the daphnids. The parameters used to determined the effect of the pesticide on D. magna were:mean total young per female, mean brood size, days to first brood, intrinsic rate of natural increase (r), growth, and survival. Reproduction as well as survival was significantly reduced at lindane concentrations of 0.25 mgL‐1 and higher. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) decreased with increasing concentrations of lindane. Growth, as measured by body length, was depressed significantly at 0.25 mgL‐1 lindane and higher. The chronic data was used to formulate an acute/chronic ratio.  相似文献   
2.
Methanogenic granular sludge and wastewater fermented sludge were used as inocula for batch tests of anaerobic bioremediation of chlorinated pesticide contaminated soil. Results obtained for both types of biomass were similar: 80 to over 90% of γ -hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH), 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethane (methoxychlor) and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) removed in 4–6 weeks. Residual fractions of these pesticides persisted till the end of the 16-week experiment. DDT was degraded through 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDD). Accumulation of this product corresponded stoichiometrically only to 34–53% of removed DDT, supposedly due to its further transformations, finally resulting in formation of detected 4,4′-dichlorobenzophenone (DBP). Addition of 0.5 mM Tween 80 nonionic surfactant resulted in about a twofold decrease of γ -HCH and methoxychlor residual concentrations, as well as considerably lower DDD accumulation (7–29%) and higher DBP production. However, 1.25 mM dose of this surfactant applied together with granular sludge brought DDD levels back to that observed for treatments with the sludge alone, also impairing DBP formation.  相似文献   
3.
Abstract

The wood charcoal treated by 1N HNO3 (WCT) was used to remove toxic chlorinated pesticide lindane (y‐HCH) residue from water by the sorption process. Using a simple first order reversible kinetics constants and half time equations, the film and pore diffusion coefficients were determined. Film diffusion was found to be rate limiting step in sorbing lindane by WCT. This was further authenticated by kinetics studies at different initial sorbate concentrations, different sorbent sizes, and different agitation speeds besides interruption test. A pore diffusion model was used to fit the data of kinetics in continuously mixed batch reactors (CMBR), and the tortuosity, external resistance, and surface diffusion effects on lindane sorption by WCT were noticed. The tortuosity values of 15 to 28 were obtained for WCT‐lindane system.  相似文献   
4.
研究了固氮鱼腥藻A.sphaerica和念珠藻N.muscorum对林丹(γ-HCH)的降解效应及机理.结果表明,在初始藻种叶绿素含量约为37mg·L-1,林丹起始浓度均为0.2mg·L-1条件下,A.sphaerica和N.muscorum均能明显降解林丹,5d降解率分别为66.1%和69.5%,其降解半衰期分别为3.19和3.23d.在培养过程中,0.2mg·L-1林丹并不会抑制两种固氮藻的生长,培养5d后,叶绿素a的含量分别增加0.82倍和1.36倍.升高温度和增强光照均能增加林丹的降解率.相对于N2,NaNO3作为唯一氮源更能刺激固氮蓝藻对林丹的降解,对于A.sphaerica和N.muscorum,其对林丹的5d降解率分别增加44.6%和40.5%.气质联用检测结果表明,脱去HCl生成γ-五氯环己烯是两种固氮蓝藻降解林丹的主要脱氯分子机理.  相似文献   
5.
This paper reports an experimental study of the response of the unicellular flagellated algae Dunaliella bioculata to toxic pollutants in water using the 'Doppler laser velocimetry' method. the response to toxic pollutants was encouraging and indicates that Dunaliella bioculata is a good biological model for the detection of toxic pollutants in water.  相似文献   
6.
林丹短期暴露下的斑马鱼(Brachydanio rerio)组织学变化   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以斑马鱼(Brachydaniorerio)为受试生物,初步探讨了林丹对斑马鱼的急性毒性以及不同浓度(0.01μg·L-1、1.0μg·L-1、100.0μg·L-1)的林丹暴露36d后对斑马鱼鳃和肝组织结构变化的影响.结果表明,林丹对斑马鱼96h-LC50为97.98μg·L-1,95%可信限为94.38 ̄101.72μg·L-1.当林丹浓度为0.01μg·L-1时,斑马鱼的鳃和肝组织结构未发生明显变化,而暴露在1.0μg·L-1和100.0μg·L-1林丹溶液中的斑马鱼的鳃和肝组织结构变化显著.斑马鱼鳃组织变化为:上皮细胞残损、脱落,鳃小片上皮细胞水肿,柱细胞变形.斑马鱼肝组织变化为:部分肝细胞肿大,细胞核萎缩变形或偏离细胞中心,胞质疏松,空泡明显增加,细胞质中可见脂沉积.与1.0μg·L-1林丹暴露相比,暴露在100μg·L-1林丹溶液中的斑马鱼鳃和肝组织结构受到的损害更为严重.  相似文献   
7.
This study was performed to evaluate the carcinogenic health risk of pesticides used in agricultural field in rural pockets of eastern India. The analysis of pesticide residue in rice grain sample was performed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). It was observed that for pesticide DDT, the HR values was ranging between 0.5 to 3.2 and for lindane HR was 0.4 to 1.1, respectively. The DDT and Lindane exhibited HR values >1 in some sampling sites which revealed the carcinogenic effects and HR <1 in some sampling sites which revealed non carcinogenic effects of same pesticide. These results revealed a clear indication of potential carcinogenic health risk to human health through consumption of contaminated rice in some areas of Bargarh district. DDT has a long half-life, so it persists in the environment for a longer period of time and induces carcinogenic risk to human health predominantly than other pesticide lindane. A case study on cancer prevalence in Bargarh district was also carried out to support the findings of quantitative analysis. The primary data collected from the cancer affected area by personal questionnaires method to the person concern and the secondary data collected from the Bargarh District Head Quarters Hospital's register. The cancer death reported by the from the year 2015 to 2021 was 320, 380, 293, 323, 278, 409, 346 in the year of 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 respectively, with the total number of 2349 cases. From the questionnaire data, it was observed that the occurrence of male and female cancer cases was 51.75% and 48.25%, respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that there was no significant difference in gender wise cancer prevalence. The most affected age group was 51–60, that is, 26.92% followed by 41–50, that is, 23.42%. Therefore, it was concluded that the middle-aged adults (40–60) were more vulnerable to the cancer than young adults (3–40) and old adults (60–100). The most prevalent cancer was breast (22.72%) followed by stomach (14.33%).  相似文献   
8.
The common occurrence of organochlorine compounds in the environment, food and human tissues may constitute a serious threat to human health. The method of gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy was used to determine the content of pesticides in 15 samples of raw cow's milk from different regions of Poland. The results revealed high levels of p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDT, heptachlor and aldrin. The studied milk contained lindane in average concentrations within the maximum limits. Although in 20% of all samples tested, the concentration of lindane exceeded permissible limits, while in 15% of samples the content of Σ DDT was too high. But the average daily consumption of milk containing organochlorine pesticides poses no direct threat to human health, because daily intake (DI) for all compounds were below the acceptable daily intake (ADI). Attention should be paid to the exposure of consumers to pesticide residues from other dairy foods.  相似文献   
9.
Abstract

Volatilization of 14C‐lindane from water in planchets and under flooded soil ecosystem was investigated. Lindane disappeared faster than parathion from planchets. More rapid loss of both insecticides occurred from water than from chloroform. Loss of lindane and parathion was related to measured losses of water by evaporation. During 5‐day incubation under flooded soil conditions, disappearance of lindane was faster from open vials than from sealed vials, whereas in nonflooded soil, no volatile loss of the insecticide was evident despite water evaporation. Over 5 day incubation under flooded conditions, greater volatile loss of lindane occurred in sandy soil than in alluvial soil apparently due to greater adsorption to the soil colloids decreasing the insecticide concentration in the standing water of the laterite soil. Under identical conditions of water evaporation, lindane loss was directly proportional to its initial concentration in the water. These results suggest that considerable loss of soil applied pesticides can occur by volatilization from the standing water in flooded rice fields, particularly under tropical conditions.  相似文献   
10.
介绍了利用物种敏感性分布(SSD)进行生态风险评价的原理与步骤,构建了淡水生物对DDT和林丹的物种敏感性分布.在此基础上,计算了DDT和林丹对不同类别生物的HC5(Hazardous Concentration for 5% the species)阈值,预测了不同浓度DDT和林丹对生物可能造成的危害,并比较了不同类别生物对DDT和林丹的敏感性,以及DDT和林丹对淡水生物的生态风险.结果表明,DDT和林丹对淡水生物的HC5值分别为1.70μg·L-1和5.96μg·L-1 ,DDT对生态系统的危害大于林丹.当DDT或林丹的浓度为5μg·L-1时,对生态系统仅有轻微影响,而当DDT或林丹的浓度为500μg·L-1时,将有81.5%的物种受到DDT的危害,或有68.1%的物种受到林丹的危害.不同类别生物对DDT的敏感性从甲壳类、昆虫和蜘蛛类到鱼类依次降低,对林丹的敏感性大小依次为昆虫和蜘蛛类、甲壳类、鱼类.与林丹相比,DDT对淡水脊椎动物与无脊椎动物以及甲壳类和鱼类的生态风险较大,而对昆虫和蜘蛛类,林丹与DDT的生态风险差别不大.  相似文献   
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