Gender differences in public office workers’ satisfaction,subjective symptoms and musculoskeletal complaints in workplace and office environments

This study investigates differences between male and female public office workers’ satisfaction levels, sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms and musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) complaints in workplace and office environments. Questionnaire surveys were performed in 30 offices from 15 public institutions. Male and female workers of the same age were coupled and selected from each office, gathering a total of 120 male and 120 female subjects. The results show that differences exist between genders in noise and lighting satisfaction levels, SBS-related symptoms (eye, nose, skin) and MSD complaints of hand/wrist/finger, while there is no difference in overall satisfaction level of office environments. The study also suggests that office design for public office workers should take into account gender differences in preventing MSDs and also SBS. The findings of this study are expected to serve as basic data for designing effective public office environments.     

Repeatability of electromyography normalization of the neck and shoulder muscles in symptomatic office workers

Purpose. The purpose of the study was to examine the repeatability of electromyography (EMG) normalization in office workers with neck and shoulder symptoms. Methods. Fifteen female office workers with neck/shoulder symptoms were recruited to participate in two separate days of testing. Maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) was used for the normalization of EMG data on the following muscles: cervical erector spinae, upper trapezius, lower trapezius and anterior deltoid. Repeatability was calculated using the intra-class correlation (ICC), relative standard error of measurement (%SEM) and relative coefficient of variation (%CV). Results. Peak root mean square (rms) and median frequency (MF) showed good to high repeatability in the UT, AD and CES (ICC?=?0.87–0.95, %SEM=?2.65–9.48, %CV=?0.2–5.9). The repeatability of peak rms was good (ICC?=?0.87, %SEM?=?12.56, %CV?=?3.3) and the MF of the LT was fair (ICC?=?0.76, %SEM?=?5.71, %CV?=?2.9). Conclusion. Peak rms and MF from the MVIC normalization method can be measured with sufficient repeatability in symptomatic office workers.     

办公室地面灰尘中PAHs污染的时间变化规律及人体健康风险

为探究室内地面灰尘中15种多环芳烃(PAHs)污染的时间变化规律,于2012年3—7月对北京市一座办公楼内的某办公室进行了每周一次的连续高密度灰尘样品采集。利用高效液相色谱-荧光检测器检测15种PAHs含量。结果表明,该办公室内灰尘样品中∑PAHs浓度范围为1 180~24 300 ng·g~(-1),平均浓度为8 960 ng·g~(-1)。总体上,检出的PAHs以3环PAHs为主,其中菲占PAHs总量的59%以上,其次是4环和5环PAHs,4环PAHs中占的比重最高,约占4环PAHs总量的34%。该办公室内灰尘中∑PAHs的浓度存在显著的时间变化差异,总体表现为∑PAHs浓度随气温升高而降低的趋势。源解析结果显示,机动车排放源、石油源、木材与煤燃烧是北京市室内灰尘中PAHs的主要来源。健康风险评估结果显示,ILCR皮肤接触ILCR手口摄入,且CR均值大于10-6,说明该采样点的PAHs污染存在"潜在致癌风险"。     

广州夏季办公室内细颗粒中多环芳烃污染特征研究

大部分的都市办公人群每天在办公室至少度过8 h。而室外环境的渗透、办公室内吸烟、办公设备使用和中央通风系统均可能导致细颗粒物及多环芳烃(PAHs)在室内积聚而造成微环境污染。2015年5—6月,在广州市3种不同功能区(商住区、高新产业区、工业区)共选取了14间不同类型的办公室,对其室内外PM_(2.5)和多环芳烃进行同步监测。结果表明,(1)14间中有12间办公室内的PM_(2.5)浓度水平高于世界卫生组织(WHO)的推荐值25μg·m-3;(2)与国内外类似研究相比,办公室内外∑16PAHs及Ba P-eq的监测浓度水平均较低,并呈现一致规律:文印>室外>吸烟>多人>单人>无窗(无人),其中Ba P-eq低于欧盟规定的安全限值1 ng·m-3;(3)文印工作和吸烟行为与室内PM_(2.5)和PAHs浓度升高有密切关系,分别对5环和4环PAHs贡献明显;(4)其他无明显内源的办公室的细颗粒中PAHs污染在监测期间主要来源于室外贡献。     

厦门室内多溴二苯醚的沉降通量、季节变化与人体暴露水平

室内灰尘是人体对多溴二苯醚(PBDEs)暴露的重要乃至主要途径.吸尘器收集的灰尘中PBDEs的含量与室内人员血液中该物质含量的相关性较差,不适用于估算人体暴露剂量,也不能研究其沉降通量及其季节变化,用被动采样法采集室内降尘则可弥补这些不足.在厦门市选取家庭、办公室、机房和家具厂等采样点49个,用水平放置的玻璃板(四周用洁净铝箔围起)采集一年四季的降尘样品,对降尘中PBDEs的沉降通量、含量、组成、季节变化与人体暴露水平等进行研究.厦门家庭、办公室、机房和家具厂中ΣPBDEs(16种BDE的和,含BDE-209)全年沉降通量几何均值分别为6.1、3.0、1.1和179.8ng·(m~2·d)~(-1),家庭室内ΣPBDEs沉降通量是办公室的两倍,但全年家庭室内降尘中ΣPBDEs的含量(445.5 ng·g~(-1))仅略高于办公环境(384.0 ng·g~(-1)).厦门家庭、办公室、机房ΣPBDEs年均沉降通量与国内外城市相比处于较低水平.家具厂PBDEs沉降通量远高于普通环境.秋季ΣPBDEs沉降通量最大.各类室内环境四季降尘ΣPBDEs中BDE-209的百分比几何均值都在80%以上.家庭、办公室和机房室内ΣPBDEs沉降通量和降尘通量显著相关,而家具厂ΣPBDEs沉降通量与降尘通量无显著相关性.家庭和办公室Σ_(15)PBDEs沉降通量与电脑年龄显著相关,而与电器和家具数量、装修等无统计显著相关性.室内降尘是人体对ΣPBDEs尤其是高溴BDEs的一条主要暴露途径.     

杭州市办公场所室内空气中PBDEs的污染现状与特征

分析评价了杭州市办公场所中PBDEs的污染现状、污染特征.结果表明,办公场所中PBDEs气相和颗粒相总浓度范围为40.66~141.00 pg·m-3,平均浓度为93.22 pg·m-3,是家庭室内、室外浓度的1.87、5.01倍.BDE-47、BDE-99为办公场所中最重要的两种同系物,分别占总浓度的33.29%、31.99%.PBDEs气相浓度是颗粒相的1.34倍,其中BDE-28、BDE-47、BDE-99主要存在于气相中,BDE-153、BDE-183主要存在于颗粒相中.     

浅谈高校办公室工作的基本规律与工作技巧

从明晰高校办公室工作职责、高校办公室主任应具备的能力、创新高校办公室管理模式三个方面,阐述了高校办公室工作的基本规律。通过在高校办公室多年的工作积累,总结出了高校办公室主任八方面的工作技巧。     

办公自动化系统的设计与实现

为满足公司长远发展需要，结合公司实际情况，设计并实现了办公自动化系统，解决了公文流转、电子邮件、信息发布等功能。     

Incidence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in central air conditioner filter dust from a new office building

This study examined polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in central air conditioner filter (CACF) dust from a new office building in Shenzhen, China. Human exposure to PBDE via dust inhalation and ingestion were also estimated. PBDEs level in CACF dust was lower than those in the other countries and regions. Approximately 0.671 pg/kg bw/day PM_2.5 (Particulate Matter up to 2.5 μm in size) bounded Σ₁₅PBDEs can be inhaled deep into the lungs and 4.123 pg/kg bw/day PM₁₀ (Particulate Matter up to 10 μm in size) bounded Σ₁₅PBDEs tend to be deposited in the upper parts of the respiratory system. The average total intake of Σ₁₅PBDEs via dust inhalation and ingestion for adults reached ∼141 pg/kg bw/day in this building. This value was far below the reference dose (RfD) recommended by United States Environmental Protection Agency. Human exposure to PBDEs via dust inhalation and ingestion in the new building is less than the old ones.     

基于物联网技术的特种设备监检移动办公系统开发

为了使特种设备监察、检验、作业过程更加规范、高效,提出了将物联网技术应用于特种设备监管办公的方案,开发了实际可用的便携式电梯监检移动办公系统.该系统利用射频卡标识电梯和作业人员,实现了和管理对象的直接交互;采用无线通信网络建立手持终端机与管理系统后台服务器之间的通信,实现特种设备现场与特种设备监察检验管理系统的实时交互.运行测试结果显示,利用监检移动办公系统手持机可以在现场认证作业人员资质、现场查询设备详细信息和现场出具检验报告,并且运行稳定可靠,实现了特种设备监察、检验、作业过程的自动识别和实时、远程管理.