硬质聚氨酯泡沫和组合聚醚中消耗臭氧层物质的便携式GC-MS测定方法

建立了便携式顶空/气相色谱-质谱法测定硬质聚氨酯泡沫和组合聚醚中一氟三氯甲烷（CFC-11）、二氟二氯甲烷（CFC-12）、二氟一氯甲烷（HCFC-22）及一氟二氯乙烷（HCFC-141b）的定性分析方法，系统考察了色谱柱、顶空体系、顶空温度和顶空时间对测定结果的影响。结果表明，DB-WAX色谱柱对目标物质的分离效果最好，顶空温度为50℃、顶空时间为10 min条件下，目标物质的检测灵敏度最高。在优化条件下，硬质聚氨酯泡沫取样体积为1 cm³时，4种目标物的方法检出限为0.6~0.8 μg；组合聚醚取样量为10 mg时，4种目标物的方法检出限为0.5~0.6 μg。该方法具有较高的灵敏度，定性准确，适用于实际样品的现场快速定性分析。     

基于复合治理理论的基层应急管理模式优化*

为弥补传统基层应急管理模式的短板，解决信息壁垒、协调困难、公众参与不足等问题。从复合性视角出发，阐述复合治理理论内涵，探讨复合治理与应急管理在主体、思维、过程、空间、目标上的契合性，并进一步分析基层应急管理的现实背景和困境，进而构建基于复合治理理论的基层应急管理模式，阐明模式基本结构和工作流程，最终提出理念树立、平台搭建、机制保障、队伍建设、制度安排、文化营造、技术支撑方面的优化路径。结果表明:复合治理理论的应用可以加强基层应急管理能力，促进多元主体协同共治。     

天津市地表水体与沉积物中7种高关注酚类化合物的污染特征与生态风险分析

为探究地表水体与沉积物中酚类化合物的污染分布特征和生态风险,选择天津市3个水源地与6条主要河流,采集了26个地表水样与6个沉积物样品,利用固相萃取与超声萃取、高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)测定了水样及沉积物中1-萘酚(1-naphthol)、壬基酚(nonylphenol, NP)、双酚A(bisphenol A, BPA)、2-苯基苯酚(biphenyl-2-ol)、3,4-二氯酚(3,4-dichlorophenol)、四溴双酚A(tetrabromobisphenol A, TBBPA)和对叔丁基苯酚(p-tert-butylphenol, PTBP)等7种高关注酚类化合物的浓度水平,并应用物种敏感性分布(species sensitivity distribution, SSD)法和熵值法(ecological risk quotient, RQ)评估7种酚类化合物水环境和沉积物的生态风险。结果表明,地表水样中7种酚类化合物均全部检出;其中壬基酚的检出浓度最高,其次为四溴双酚A、对叔丁基苯酚、1-萘酚、2-苯基苯酚、3,4-二氯酚和双酚A。沉积物中酚类化合物的污染分布规律与水样相似,除双酚A外的目标物全部检出。其中,壬基酚浓度比其他物质浓度高2个数量级。风险评估结果显示,壬基酚对水环境与沉积物存在不可接受的风险;而四溴双酚A、对叔丁基苯酚、1-萘酚、2-苯基苯酚、3,4-二氯酚和双酚A则对环境具有较低风险或者存在一定的风险。     

宁东能源化工基地核心区表层土壤酚类污染物的污染评价、空间分布及来源解析

采集了宁东能源化工基地核心区的146个表层土壤样品,检测了6种优控酚类污染物。运用单因子污染指数、内梅罗综合污染指数和致癌风险指数评价了酚类污染物的污染程度及健康风险。借助主成分分析和绝对主成分分数-多元线性回归受体模型,结合地统计学方法,对酚类污染物的空间分布及来源进行了分析。结果显示：2,4-二氯酚和2,4,6-三氯酚处于清洁水平,五氯酚在部分区域为重度污染;苯酚、2,4-二氯酚、2,4,6-三氯酚为可接受风险,五氯酚在部分区域为不可接受风险;苯酚、4-硝基酚、间-甲酚和2,4-二氯酚的来源以交通源为主,2,4,6-三氯酚和五氯酚的来源以工业活动源为主。     

微电解—芬顿氧化工艺预处理高浓度松香改性酚醛树脂生产废水

为了降低松香改性酚醛树脂生产废水的COD并改善其可生化性,采用微电解—芬顿氧化工艺对该废水进行预处理。研究了pH、微电解反应时间、曝气、双氧水投加量等对微电解和芬顿氧化处理效果的影响,考察了COD去除率和BOD₅/COD值的变化趋势。实验结果表明：曝气条件下,调节废水pH为4、进行2次微电解、微电解反应时间各2.0 h时,废水的COD去除率为38%,BOD₅/COD值提高为0.18;再投加7.5%（w）的双氧水,废水的COD去除率为65.3%,BOD₅/COD值为0.37。采用微电解—芬顿氧化的预处理工艺,不仅有效去除了废水的COD,而且显著改善了废水的可生化性。     

The culture of compound bioflocculant and the analysis of its activated components

利用农业固体废弃物秸秆类纤维素为原料制备复合型生物絮凝剂（CBF）,优化了CBF的培育条件。同时解析了CBF活性物质在发酵液中的分布,并对CBF的活性组分进行了研究。结果表明,在高效纤维素降解菌HIT-3的作用下,秸秆类纤维素发酵3天产糖量达到高峰,此时接入CBF产生菌于灭菌后的纤维素发酵液中,在30℃、140r/min的旋转式摇床上培养36h,整个过程中只需将纤维素发酵培养基的pH值调节到7.2。在上述条件下CBF可获得较优的絮凝效果;多糖是CBF的主要组成成分,CBF的热稳定性良好。其絮凝活性物质主要分布在上清液中。     

Decolorization of molasses melanoidins and palm oil mill effluent phenolic compounds by fermentative lactic acid bacteria

Lactobacillus plantarum SF5.6 is one of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that has the highest ability of molasses melanoidin (MM) decolorization among the 2114 strains of LAB. The strains were isolated from spoilage, pickle fruit and vegetable, soil and sludge from the wastewater treatment system by using technical step of enrichment, primary screening and secondary screening. This LAB strain SF5.6 was identified by 16S rDNA analysis and carbohydrate fermentation (API 50 CH). The top five LAB strains having high MM decolorization ( 55%), namely TBSF5.8-1, TBSF2.1-1, TBSF2.1, FF4A and SF5.6 were selected to determine the optimal condition. It was found that the temperature at 30°C under facultative conditions in GPY-MM medium (0.5% glucose, 0.1% peptone, 0.1% yeast extract, 0.1% sodium acetate, 0.05% MgSO4 and 0.005% MnCl2 in MM solution at pH 6) giving a high microbial growth and MM decolorization for all five strains. It was noticed that the decolorization of MM by LAB strains might be cell growth associated. L. plantarum SF5.6 grew rapidly within one day while the other strains took 2–3 days. This L. plantarum SF5.6 could rapidly decolorize MM to 60.91% without any lag phase, and it also had the ability to remove 34.00% phenolic compounds and 15.88% color from treated palm oil mill effluent.     

Decolorization of molasses melanoidins and palm oil mill e uent phenolic compounds by fermentative lactic acid bacteria

Lactobacillus plantarum SF5.6 is one of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that has the highest ability of molasses melanoidin (MM) decolorization among the 2114 strains of LAB. The strains were isolated from spoilage, pickle fruit and vegetable, soil and sludge from the wastewater treatment system by using technical step of enrichment, primary screening and secondary screening. This LAB strain SF5.6 was identified by 16S rDNA analysis and carbohydrate fermentation (API 50 CH). The top five LAB strains having high MM decolorization (> 55%), namely TBSF5.8-1, TBSF2.1-1, TBSF2.1, FF4A and SF5.6 were selected to determine the optimal condition. It was found that the temperature at 30°C under facultative conditions in GPY-MM medium (0.5% glucose, 0.1% peptone, 0.1% yeast extract, 0.1% sodium acetate, 0.05% MgSO4 and 0.005% MnCl2 in MM solution at pH 6) giving a high microbial growth and MM decolorization for all five strains. It was noticed that the decolorization of MM by LAB strains might be cell growth associated. L. plantarum SF5.6 grew rapidly within one day while the other strains took 2–3 days. This L. plantarum SF5.6 could rapidly decolorize MM to 60.91% without any lag phase, and it also had the ability to remove 34.00% phenolic compounds and 15.88% color from treated palm oil mill e uent.     

烧结烟气脱硫灰-矿渣复合粉反应性能的研究

烧结烟气脱硫灰中由于含有大量的亚硫酸钙和游离氧化钙,在将其直接用于胶凝材料时,不但延长凝结时间,降低早期强度,而且还容易导致水泥硬化体体积膨胀,恶化硬化体性能。实验研究了脱硫灰不同掺入方式和掺入量,以及氧化温度对复合粉反应性能的影响。结果表明,在将脱硫灰经过550℃氧化处理后,再采用加水预拌的方式,在脱硫灰掺入量为5%时可获得具有较好反应性能的复合粉。     

复合养殖系统中浮游动物种类丰度及其影响因素

利用人工湿地和养殖塘构建了复合养殖系统,通过设置不同塘间水质差异,调查了斑点叉尾鮰鱼鱼种培育段和成鱼养殖段不同梯度下的浮游动物种类丰度,并探讨了种类丰度与环境因子的关系.结果表明,2养殖阶段的循环塘中,轮虫的种类丰度随养殖密度的增加而升高,浮游甲壳动物随养殖密度的增加而降低.成鱼养殖阶段对照塘中轮虫的种类丰度高于循环塘P1、P2;枝角类和桡足类的丰度则低于P1、P2;高养殖密度塘P3中,3种形态浮游动物种类丰度均低于对照塘.15种环境因子的主成分分析以及种类丰度与环境因子的冗余度分析结果表明,影响浮游动物种类丰度的主要环境因素为水体的营养状态,水体的物理特征对种类丰度的影响较小.