基于水质与浮游生物调查的汉石桥湿地富营养化评价

基于水质与浮游生物的综合调查与评价,可准确判断湿地的富营养化状况.本文以汉石桥湿地为研究对象,设置7个采样点,开展了水质、浮游植物、浮游动物分类监测与调查,并利用营养状态指数法、浮游植物评价法和浮游动物评价法3种方法,评价了水体富营养化状态,比较了各种方法的结果差异.结果表明,3种评价方法的评价结果在时空变化上具有较高的一致性,均显示非核心区富营养化程度较低,核心区富营养化水平较高;各月份相比,10月湿地的富营养化程度较低,6—8月富营养化程度较高.浮游植物和浮游动物评价法所得湿地富营养化程度较营养状态指数法略高,主要表现在4、10月的非核心区评价中.综合水质、浮游植物与浮游动物进行富营养化评价,可得到更为准确的评价结果.     

Factors Influencing Prymnesium parvum Population Dynamics During Bloom Initiation: Results from In-lake Mesocosm Experiments1

Roelke, Daniel L., Leslie Schwierzke, Bryan W. Brooks, James P. Grover, Reagan M. Errera, Theodore W. Valenti, Jr., and James L. Pinckney, 2010. Factors Influencing Prymnesium parvum Population Dynamics During Bloom Initiation: Results from In-Lake Mesocosm Experiments. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(1):76-91. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00392.x Abstract: The alga Prymnesium parvum forms large fish-killing blooms in many Texas lakes. In some of these lakes, however, P. parvum occurs but does not develop blooms. In this study, we investigated factors that may influence bloom initiation by conducting a series of in-lake experiments involving mixing of waters from Lake Whitney, which has a history of P. parvum blooms, with waters from Lake Waco where no blooms have occurred. In all experiments, the addition of Lake Waco waters resulted in a poorer performance of P. parvum. Various experimental treatments and field data show that differences in grazing, pathogens, nutrients, and salts between the two lakes were not likely factors that contributed to this observation. Industrial and agricultural contaminants, allelochemicals and algicidal chemicals were not measured as a part of this research. However, anthropogenic contaminants other than nutrients were not observed at levels exceeding water quality standards in Lake Waco in recent years. On the other hand, nuisance cyanobacteria are common in Lake Waco, where Microcystis sp. and Anabaena sp. were abundant during the initiation of our experiments, both taxa are known to produce chemicals with allelopathic properties. In addition, the emergent field of algal-heterotrophic bacteria interactions suggests that chemicals produced by heterotrophic bacteria should not be overlooked. Further research focusing on the chemical interactions between cyanobacteria and P. parvum, as well as the potential role of algicidal bacteria, in the initiation of P. parvum blooms is necessary, as it may be important to the management of these blooms.     

The Water Quality of Kingston Harbour: Evaluating the Use of the Planktonic Community and Traditional Water Quality Indices

Abstract

Kingston Harbour has been experiencing increased levels of organic pollution since initial ecological assessments in 1971. to develop a new baseline of eutrophication in the Harbour 20 years later, and determine the most appropriate indices to be used in the continued monitoring the area, the water quality of Kingston Harbour was reassessed between December 1992 and 1993, by contemporaneous sampling of traditional water column parameters and planktonic communities at 28 stations within the Harbour. Indices used for water quality assessment were temperature, salinity, light penetration, dissolved oxygen, BOD and nutrients (nitrates-N, phosphate-P and ammonia-N). Results indicated that the planktonic community provided the most reliable index of increased eutrophication and changes in water quality. While physical variables indicated little change in Harbour waters and chemical variables indicated significant but erratic changes, the planktonic community displayed the classic characteristics of eutrophication. Phytoplankton biomass (a maximum of 148 mg m^?3 chlorophyll a) was 5 to 10 times greater than in 1971 while zooplankton abundances (maximum of 80,000 animals m^?3) were 4 times greater. in both cases the community composition had altered and there were fewer taxa than previously found.     

The role of periodic boundary forcing in plankton pattern formation

We consider one and two-dimensional minimal models in plankton dynamics. The influence of oscillating boundary forcing functions as agents for triggering pattern formation is discussed. In particular it is found that in these conditions population waves arise for one dimensional models, while for two dimensional models, different amplitudes and frequencies in the boundary forcing generate definite patterns, mimicking the boundary term. This happens even though the model we investigate is very simple. The emergence of these features is an interesting metaphor for the fundamental biological problem of how pattern formation processes may be inevitable in natural heterogeneous ecosystems.     

基于浮游生物群落变化的生态学基准值计算方法初探

基于浮游生物群落对环境压力变化的响应,参照美国国家环境保护局(US EPA)颁布的生物学基准计算方法,结合理化因子,采用综合指数法计算了我国太湖流域和辽河流域的生态学基准值.计算框架为:①确定流域水环境生态学基准参照点和生态学基准指标;②作出参照点各基准指标box分布图并进行评分;③将各生态学基准指标得分等权重相加,并把90分位数值作为该流域的基准值.结果表明:我国太湖流域夏、冬季的生态学基准值分别为94.7和86.7,辽河流域夏、冬季的生态学基准值分别为100.0和96.4.通过该基准值可较好地区分2009年辽河流域和太湖流域夏、冬季采样点位的生境优劣,这说明基于浮游生物群落变化来计算生态学基准值的方法是可行的.     

昆明主城合流污水调蓄池截污效能模拟

为评估昆明市计划首批建设二环路内16座合流污水调蓄池(规模为21.3×104m3)的环境效益,采用构建降雨径流管理模型(SWMM)模拟调蓄池的运行情况,对其截污效能进行分析.结果表明,2008年的113场降雨中,调蓄池共截流污水量1 868.73×104m3,CODCr、TN、TP污染负荷的截流量分别为5 195.28、810.76、68.78 t,污水截流量占合流污水溢流量的11.18%.昆明主城调蓄池是在充分利用和衔接已建、在建的排水管网收集系统和污水处理设施的基础上设计的,调蓄池效能受既定配套条件、场地、降雨特征等的多重影响,建议加大调蓄池和污水处理厂的联动性,并采取集中调蓄截流为主、分散式面源治理为辅的策略,综合防治初期雨水径流污染和合流污水溢流污染.     

基于生产和消费视角的辽宁省行业能源消费碳排放

行业能源消费碳排放核算是碳减排政策制订的基础,从消费视角进行行业碳排放研究日趋重要.基于经济投入产出生命周期评价模型,从生产和消费视角解析了辽宁省2007年行业能源消费碳排放分布规律.结果表明:生产视角碳排放量行业集中度高,该视角碳排放总量的78.73％集中在电力、热力的生产和供应业,金属冶炼及压延加工业,非金属矿物制品业以及交通运输、仓储及邮政业;为其他行业提供产品和服务是造成行业生产端碳排放的主要原因;消费视角下行业碳排放总量的53.79％集中在金属冶炼及压延加工业,建筑业,电力、热力的生产和供应业以及其他行业;上游供应行业的间接碳排放是造成消费端排放的主体.从碳排放强度来看,生产视角下各行业碳排放强度差异性较大,电力、热力的生产和供应业的碳排放强度最大,为9.17t/万元;消费视角下行业之间的碳排放强度差异性较小,均低于3 t/万元.最后针对不同视角下分析结果的差异性提出了相应对策的侧重点.     

Influence of dissolved organic matter character on mercury incorporation by planktonic organisms：An experimental study using oligotrophic water from Patagonian lakes

Ligands present in dissolved organic matter （DOM） form complexes with inorganic divalent mercury （Hg^2＋） affecting its bioavailability in pelagic food webs. This investigation addresses the influence of a natural gradient of DOM present in Patagonian lakes on the bioaccumulation of Hg^2＋ （the prevailing mercury species in the water column of these lakes） by the algae Cryptomonas erosa and the zooplankters Brachionus calyciflorus and Boeckella antiqua. Hg^2＋ accumulation was studied through laboratory experiments using natural water of four oligotrophic Patagonian lakes amended with^197Hg^2＋. The bioavailability of Hg^2＋ was affected by the concentration and character of DOM. The entrance of Hg^2＋ into pelagic food webs occurs mostly through passive and active accumulation. The incorporation of Hg^2＋ by Cryptomonas, up to 27% of the Hg^2＋ amended, was found to be rapid and dominated by passive adsorption, and was greatest when low molecular weight compounds with protein-like or small phenolic signatures prevailed in the DOM. Conversely, high molecular weight compounds with a humic or fulvic signature kept Hg^2＋ in the dissolved phase, resulting in the lowest Hg^2＋ accumulation in this algae. In Brachionus and Boeckella the direct incorporation of Hg from the aqueous phase was up to 3% of the Hg^2＋ amended. The dietary incorporation of Hg^2＋ by Boeckella exceeded the direct absorption of this metal in natural water, and was remarkably similar to the Hg^2＋ adsorbed in their prey. Overall, DOM concentration and character affected the adsorption of Hg^2＋ by algae through competitive binding, while the incorporation of Hg^2＋ into the zooplankton was dominated by trophic or dietary transfer.     

Study of Cause-and-Effect Relationships in the Formation of Biocenoses: Their Use for the Control of Eutrophication

The cause-and-effect relationships existing in freshwater biogeocenoses and changing with time are conventionally divided into three groups: direct, directly mediated, and indirect. The possibility of using the indirect relationships for the control over natural systems is exemplified by a new scheme of eutrophication control and water quality improvement.     

富营养化水体的营养盐限制性研究综述

水体富营养化是全球目前以及今后相当一段时期内的重大水环境问题。氮、磷作为浮游植物生长所必需的营养盐,是水体富营养化的主要限制因子。通过对近年来水体富营养化受氮、磷营养盐限制的研究进行综述,研究了营养盐来源及其对浮游植物生长的影响,总结了营养盐限制性差异的影响因素,分析了缓解富营养化的营养盐主控因子。分析表明:营养盐的来源主要分为外源和内源,受外界环境及人类活动影响显著;浮游植物的生长受N/P比值及其绝对浓度的共同作用;在不同的水文、气候和人类活动强度下,水体富营养化主要营养盐限制因子存在差异,并且存在限制性转换和共同限制的情况;缓解水体富营养化措施的提出应在综合考虑多种因素的前提下进行。