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1.
Abstract

The roles of PM2.5-induced mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress on mast cell degranulation were examined in vitro. Mast cells were treated with suspensions of PM2.5 in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium at concentrations from 25 to 200?mg/L in the absence or presence of 10?mmol/L N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Biological effects and mitochondrial function were assessed by determining cell viability, β-hexosaminidase release, interleukin-4 secretion, reactive oxygen species generation, adenosine triphosphate production, potential alteration of mitochondrial membrane, and activities of mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes I and III. Exposure of mast cells to PM2.5 induced reduction of adenosine triphosphate production, collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, and inhibition of the activity of complex III. Co-treatment of mast cells exposed to PM2.5 with N-acetyl-L-cysteine attenuated cytotoxicity and the production of reactive oxygen species, and decreased the release of β-hexosaminidase and interleukin-4. Evidently, PM2.5-induced oxidative stress plays an essential role in mitochondrial toxicity and mast cell activation.  相似文献   
2.
In this research, epigenetic effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells were analyzed. Genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression were analyzed in MCF-7 cells exposed to BPA (10?5 and 10?6 mol/L for 5 weeks). No significant changes in the global level of 5-methyl-2′-deoxycytidine and 5-hydroxymethyl-2′-deoxycytidine were observed. DNA methylation profiling analysis indicated that BPA exposure resulted in the hypermethylation of FOXK2, LKB1, LMX1A and CUGBP2 and the hypomethylation of PTPRN2, TRIM27, BCAS3 and ZNF423. Decreased expression of apoptosis genes (P38 and BCL2L1) and increased expression of chemokine (Cxcl2 and ccl20) were detected. Changes of these genes were speculated to affect the ERα-related cell growth as well as cell apoptosis.  相似文献   
3.
Liquid water management is still a critical issue in the improvement of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performance. In this work, for the first time, the liquid water behavior and transport inside the cathode of a PEMFC with a stirred tank reactor (STR) design, rather than the conventional PEMFC flow channel design, are numerically studied. The dynamic contact angle (DCA) is applied to multiple wall boundaries in the numerical model through a user-defined-function (UDF) code, i.e., STR-DCA model. Another numerical model with the static contact angle (SCA) and same operating conditions, i.e., STR-SCA model, is also developed for comparison. The volume of fluid (VOF) method is employed in the simulation to track the gas-liquid interface. The results show that the liquid water distribution and transport are significantly different between these two models, indicating the remarkable effects of DCA on the simulation results. It is also verified the capability of STR-PEMFC to reduce the liquid water flooding, showing the potential of this channel-less type fuel cell in the further development.  相似文献   
4.
为了探究真三轴复杂应力变化条件下岩石强度及破坏模式,通过真三轴卸荷扰动测试系统对砂岩试件进行不同第二主应力加卸荷试验,讨论在加卸荷过程中岩石的力学特性及声发射特征。试验结果表明:第二主应力的增加对试件的承载能力起到先增强后弱化的效果;不同第二主应力加卸荷声发射能量及累计振铃计数变化趋势大体一致,耗散能量比在载荷达到岩石损伤强度时突增;声发射能量峰值提前于试件轴向应力跌落,声发射能量和累计振铃计数大幅突增可作为岩石破坏的前兆;在低载荷下岩石中活动主要是裂隙压密与发育,在达到岩石损伤强度后岩石中的活动主要是裂纹贯通形成破裂面,砂岩试件声发射定位点集中区域与试件主要破裂面基本吻合。  相似文献   
5.
磷系阻燃剂对人体的潜在毒性作用引起了国内外研究者的广泛关注。肾脏是机体重要的排毒器官,若肾脏细胞受损,可能影响肾脏功能的正常发挥。本研究以人胚肾细胞HEK293为研究对象,结合传统毒理学实验,筛选出磷酸三苯酯(TPP)及磷酸三(2-氯异丙基)酯(TCPP)诱导人胚肾细胞HEK293凋亡的关键靶标基因p53。在此基础上采用分子对接模拟和光谱法分析发现,TPP和TCPP分别以嵌插方式和沟槽方式结合p53-DNA,改变基因片段的框架结构,启动分子起始事件,通过影响相关基因(Bax、Hrk、Bcl-2和Bad)的表达量,导致线粒体途径释放cyt c,最终激活Caspase 7实现细胞凋亡。研究结果阐明了此类污染物诱导凋亡的作用机制,为毒害化学品的污染防控提供理论依据。  相似文献   
6.
以实际中药废水作为阳极基质、实际含镉废水作为阴极电解液,构建了连续流双室微生物燃料电池(MFC),考察了其产电性能及对两种废水的处理效果。78 d的运行数据表明:系统可实现最大输出电压417mV、最大体积功率密度11.8 W/m3,最大体积功率密度运行条件下的库伦效率为18.5%;在阳极进水有机物浓度变化较大的情况下,实现了阳极对中药废水中有机物的有效去除,平均COD去除率为81.5%;阴极对含镉废水中Cd2+的去除率为79.4%~84.8%。这表明MFC同步处理中药废水及重金属废水具有一定的可行性。  相似文献   
7.
Lake Van is the largest lake in Turkey. The lake limits lifespan due to its high pH and brackish water. For this reason, only a single species of fish (Van Fish) is living in the lake that has been adapted to these conditions. In the present study, we investigated the total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), malondialdehyde (MDA) level and DNA damage effect of bisphenol A (BPA) (10?7, 10?6 and 10?5?M) on primary gill cell culture of Van Fish for 24 and 48?h of incubation periods. TAS levels were not changed when compared to those of the control group, but TOS levels were decreased in both 24 and 48?h. The MDA level increased only at the highest concentration (10?5) at the end of 12 and 24?h (p?.05). DNA damage increased only at the 10?5?M concentration after 48?h. At the end of the experiment, BPA exposure caused lipid peroxidation and genotoxic effect. These results indicate that high levels of BPA exposure induced oxidative stress and DNA damage by time- and concentration-dependent fashion in the gill cell culture of Van Fish. Gill cell culture is a useful model for the rapid identification of the harmful effects of chemicals in the aquatic environment.  相似文献   
8.
地理探测器能快速定量化揭示驱动重金属含量影响因素的强度,这对于重金属空间预测模型构建变量的确定和土壤污染修复措施的精准实施具有重要意义。利用地理探测器模型,对5种土壤重金属元素Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Ni的空间分布和11种环境因子的交互作用进行定量评估,通过单因子指数法进行重庆市土壤重金属污染风险评价。结果表明:研究区内土壤Cu、Zn、Cr和Pb的平均含量是重庆市土壤背景值的1.3—1.4倍,Ni含量低于背景值;其中Cu、Pb达到重度污染水平,其余3种重金属为中度或轻度污染水平。5种重金属元素中Cu和Pb为高度变异(变异系数为0.57、0.4),Zn、Cr和Ni为中等变异(变异系数为0.22—0.29),且各重金属元素之间呈显著正相关性,表明研究区重金属富集受人为干扰影响较大,且污染具有复合性或同源性。地理探测器的因子探测发现高程、坡度和土壤类型对5种土壤重金属含量的解释力最显著,说明地势和土壤类型是土壤重金属含量分布差异的最主要影响因素。交互作用探测发现,高程与其他因子交互作用是重金属空间分异的主导因素,气候条件和土壤类型也是重要影响因子。土壤重金属空间分布是多种因素共同作用的结果,而高程、坡度和土壤类型具有较强的解释力,这些因子可作为土壤重金属含量空间预测模型的辅助变量,也可促进重金属污染治理措施的靶向实施。  相似文献   
9.
Recent research and technology have provided promising outcomes to rely on biodiesel as the alternative and conventional source of fuel. The use of renewable sources constitutes the main stream of research. Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) was used for biodiesel production in this study. Lipase enzyme producing fungi Rhizopus oryzae 262 and commercially available pure lipase enzyme were used for comparative study in the production of FAAE. The whole cell biocatalyst and pure enzyme were immobilized using calcium alginate beads. It was prepared by optimizing with different molar ratios of calcium chloride and different percent sodium alginate. Entrapment immobilization was done for whole cell biocatalyst. PE was also immobilized by entrapment for the transesterification reaction. Four different solvents methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol were used as the acyl acceptors. The reaction parameters like temperature, molar ratio, reaction time, and amount of enzyme to be used were also optimized for methanol alone. The same parameters were adopted for the other acyl acceptors too. Among the different acyl acceptors, methanol whose reaction parameters were optimized showed maximum conversion of triglycerides to FAAE - 94% with PE and 84% with WCB. On the whole, PE showed better catalytic converting ability with all the acyl acceptor compared to WCB, further study, it was observed that three consecutive and reversible reactions occurred in the interesterification of triglycerides. So, a kinetic model based on Michaelis-Menten equation with competitive substrate inhibition was used to find the maximum reaction rate Vi for the four solvents using pure enzyme and WCB.  相似文献   
10.
为研究负温对桩侧应力及桩间土拱效应的影响,通过FLAC3D软件模拟热力耦合作用下新型排桩冻结法中桩间土拱效应的变化及温度效应下的桩间距,并根据巴霍尔金单排管冻结稳态温度场解析解,建立冻结壁平均温度区域解。研究结果表明:桩土接触面的应力分量τxy近似线性变化,应力分量σx近似均匀分布,温度降低对应力分量τxy的分布影响较小,但对应力分量σx的影响较大;负温使桩间距发生变化,且整体平均应力的分布也更加均匀化;通过与巴霍尔金解析解对比,证明单排管冻结温度场模型的可行性,在此基础上建立的单排管冻结壁平均温度区域解,其与数值模拟结果相差不超过1 ℃,计算误差满足工程要求;随着冻结时间的增加,单排管冻结壁温度场呈抛物线形式降低。  相似文献   
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