广州夏季办公室内细颗粒中多环芳烃污染特征研究

大部分的都市办公人群每天在办公室至少度过8 h。而室外环境的渗透、办公室内吸烟、办公设备使用和中央通风系统均可能导致细颗粒物及多环芳烃(PAHs)在室内积聚而造成微环境污染。2015年5—6月,在广州市3种不同功能区(商住区、高新产业区、工业区)共选取了14间不同类型的办公室,对其室内外PM_(2.5)和多环芳烃进行同步监测。结果表明,(1)14间中有12间办公室内的PM_(2.5)浓度水平高于世界卫生组织(WHO)的推荐值25μg·m-3;(2)与国内外类似研究相比,办公室内外∑16PAHs及Ba P-eq的监测浓度水平均较低,并呈现一致规律:文印>室外>吸烟>多人>单人>无窗(无人),其中Ba P-eq低于欧盟规定的安全限值1 ng·m-3;(3)文印工作和吸烟行为与室内PM_(2.5)和PAHs浓度升高有密切关系,分别对5环和4环PAHs贡献明显;(4)其他无明显内源的办公室的细颗粒中PAHs污染在监测期间主要来源于室外贡献。     

环境污染对戒烟人群的心理警示作用建模分析研究

环境污染过程中,由于对污染源的轻视最终造成极大的污染后果,分析污染生成过程对戒烟人群的心理会产生一定的警示作用,因此,针对环境污染过程的警示作用提出戒烟人群的心理警示作用模型.建模过程中对四项衡量指标进行计算分析,经过模型修订最终完成警示模型的构建.使用构建的模型对戒烟人群进行心理警示评估.通过试验分析可知,建立的警示模型在通常状态下能够对戒烟人群达到警示督促作用.     

煤气化技术的前景

介绍了“煤气化──无烟燃烧技术”及其在小型工业锅上的应用，为解决我国煤烟型大气污染问题提供了一种全新的办法。     

包头市居民吸烟状况调查

目的：为了搞清包头市居民的吸烟情况。方法：按照流行病学调查表的要求，由卫生医师逐户、逐人询问调查对象吸烟情况、吸烟量和被动吸烟状况，以及与吸烟有关的年龄、性别和住址，将核实后的调查资料按统一设计程序，采用SAS统计软件包在计算机上进行统计处理。调查结果表明：市区居民吸烟率为38．34％，农牧区居民的吸烟率为50．68％，男性高于女性；吸烟量多在10支以上、25支以下，以农牧区每日吸烟量超过10支者所占比例最大(63．16％)，且男性居民25岁组以后达到高峰一直维持到60岁组；女性居民的被动吸烟者和被动吸烟量较男性多。结论：居民的吸烟状况在性别、年龄、城乡和受教育情况等方面有不同的分布。     

大气污染对儿童唾液溶菌酶含量的影响

本文分析了重庆市大气污染(SO_2、NO_x、TSP)的特征,报导重污染区儿童唾液溶菌酶含量明显低于相对污染区(P<0.00001),污染区儿童体内免疫功能下降;发现暴露于两种或两种以上因素(酸沉降物、被动吸烟、燃煤)时,对儿童唾液溶菌酶含量的影响远大于它们单一因素的作用(P<0.00001),经逐步回归分析,得Y=401.6869-68.1306X_5-42.3868X_1-20.8466X_4(r=0.7681,F值=185.08,P<0.00001);并针对重庆市大气污染的具体情况,提出一些有意义的建议措施。     

Comparative analysis of two tobacco surveillance questionnaires used in NHANES: accuracy of self-reported smoking status

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) uses two tobacco use surveillance questionnaires. One is administered during an at-home interview (HI) and the other, during an examination session at a mobile examination center (MEC). NHANES data for the years 1999–2012 were used to evaluate the consistency of responses to tobacco surveillance questions in HI and MEC interview. In addition, accuracy of self-reported smoking status was evaluated. Of those who reported to be daily cigarette smokers during HI, 18.7% reported to be either some-day smokers or nonsmokers during MEC interview. Of those who reported to be some-day cigarette smokers during HI, 22.1% reported to be daily smokers and 17.5% reported to be nonsmokers. Also, 4.1% of those who reported to be nonsmokers during HI reported to be either daily or some-day smokers during MEC interview. Using serum cotinine measurements taken during MEC interview, 27.1% were found to be smokers and 72.9% were found to be nonsmokers. In general, a moderate to high agreement, as measured by the κ statistic, was found between the self-reported responses to tobacco use questions during the home and MEC interviews as well as between smoking statuses based on self-reported and serum cotinine measurements.     

吸烟及吸二手烟对人体多环芳烃内暴露的影响

采用快速液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱仪对吸烟、吸二手烟和不吸烟的居民的尿样进行抽检,分析了10种多环芳烃羟基代谢物(OH-PAHs)的组成和含量,评估了吸烟及吸二手烟对人体OH-PAHs内暴露水平的影响.结果表明,吸烟及吸二手烟对居民尿液中OH-PAHs的浓度水平和组成特征均有影响,对萘和芴的代谢产物影响最为显著.OH-PAHs的浓度水平按照吸烟组>吸二手烟组>不吸烟组的顺序递减,吸烟组和吸二手烟组人群尿液中萘的代谢产物2-羟基萘和1-羟基萘所占的比例分别是不吸烟组人群的1.5、1.2倍和1.7、1.9倍;吸烟、吸二手烟和不吸烟人群体内各OH-PAHs之间的相关性分析表明,吸二手烟人群体内OH-PAHs来源最为复杂,受环境空气和香烟烟雾的双重影响.与同类研究结果相比,本研究吸二手烟人群体内OH-PAHs明显偏低,这可能与吸二手烟人群受到烟气的暴露时间和暴露量有关.     

Histological changes in the reproductive system of male rats exposed to cigarette smoke or electronic cigarette vapor

Abstract

The use of electronic cigarettes increases as a supposedly healthier form of nicotine consumption, but safety of vaping remains uncertain. In this study, we assessed whether the use of electronic cigarettes increases the risk of infertility in male rats. Malformations of sperm morphology were more frequent in nicotine-exposed groups than in the control group. Vacuolization of seminiferous epithelium, reduction of spermatogenesis, increased apoptosis of spermatogonia and spermatocytes, and acceleration of degeneration of testes were observed. The male reproductive organs are slightly less affected by vaping than by smoking. Nevertheless, in consequence both may lead to the reduction of fertility.     

Reduction of Tobacco Smoking Health Risk Through an Appropriate Media Based Communication Strategy in Uganda

The health impacts of tobacco consumption are well documented and have gained acceptance worldwide. Today, a substantial, preventable burden of tobacco attributable diseases exists in most countries, though in most of the cases, unknown. Smoking accounts for almost half of the deaths in middle age in some regions. In Uganda, translating findings into policy action is slow and involves several stakeholders. It will continue to require support from tobacco control campaign groups. This paper analyses secondar...