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1.
为了探索盐渍化土壤中微生物多样性及群落构成,有效筛选盐渍土壤中耐盐微生物菌群.采用高通量测序技术对采集的河北省滨海盐渍土(原生盐渍化)、设施盐渍土(次生盐渍化)和高产粮田(健康土壤)3个生境的耕层土壤样本细菌和真菌多样性、群落结构、网络关系及其影响因子进行测定.结果表明,与大田土壤相比,设施土壤中OM、AP、AK、TS和EC显著升高,滨海盐渍土壤的TS和EC显著升高,其他养分指标则显著降低.细菌α多样性依次为:设施盐渍土>高产粮田>滨海盐渍土,真菌α多样性则为高产粮田显著高于设施盐渍土和滨海盐渍土.在门和属水平上分析盐渍化土壤的菌群结构,细菌群落中绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)及其菌属和真菌群落中子囊菌门(Ascomycota)及其中有益菌Trichocladium和病原菌Fusarium为盐渍化土壤中的优势微生物类群.土壤EC和TS两个盐分因子是对细菌和真菌菌群分布贡献最大的因子,与绿弯菌门中unclassified_A4b和unclassified_Chloroflexi以及变形菌门中unclassified_α-Proteobacteria等细菌菌属和子囊菌门中Trichocladium、unclassified_Chaetomiaceae、Crassicarpon、Cephaliophora和Sodiomyces等真菌菌属呈显著正相关.研究结果为盐渍化土壤修复所需的微生物资源筛选提供了理论依据. 相似文献
2.
Diversity of antibiotic resistance genes and encoding ribosomal protection proteins gene in livestock waste polluted environment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chunyan Li Cheng Jiang Zhiyang Wu Xuejiao An Hailan Wang 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2018,53(7):423-433
The rapid development and increase of antibiotic resistance are global phenomena resulting from the extensive use of antibiotics in human clinics and animal feeding operations. Antibiotics can promote the occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which can be transferred horizontally to humans and animals through water and the food chain. In this study, the presence and abundance of ARGs in livestock waste was monitored by quantitative PCR. A diverse set of bacteria and tetracycline resistance genes encoding ribosomal protection proteins (RPPs) from three livestock farms and a river were analyzed through denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The abundance of sul(I) was 103 to 105 orders of magnitude higher than that of sul(II). Among 11 tet-ARGs, the most abundant was tet(O). The results regarding bacterial diversity indicated that the presence of antibiotics might have an evident impact on bacterial diversity at every site, particularly at the investigated swine producer. The effect of livestock waste on the bacterial diversity of soil was stronger than that of water. Furthermore, a sequencing analysis showed that tet(M) exhibited two genotypes, while the other RPPs-encoding genes exhibited at least three genotypes. This study showed that various ARGs and RPPs-encoding genes are particularly widespread among livestock. 相似文献
3.
Min Gao Ziye Yang Yajie Guo Mo Chen Tianlei Qiu Xingbin Sun Xuming Wang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(3):39
4.
为探明旱地红壤细菌群落特征及玉米生产力对不同有机肥处理的响应,基于自2002年设置在中国科学院鹰潭红壤生态实验站的有机培肥长期定位试验,采用Illumina高通量测序,研究不同有机肥(不施肥,M0;低量有机肥,M1;高量有机肥,M2;高量有机肥加石灰,M3)处理下土壤细菌群落多样性和结构以及玉米生产力的变化.结果发现,与M0相比,土壤pH、有机质(SOM)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)含量和玉米生产力在不同有机肥(M1、M2和M3)处理下均显著增加,其中M3处理的提升效果最佳.施用有机肥显著提高了土壤细菌群落的Shannon、Evenness、Chao1与ACE指数,重塑了细菌群落结构.基于随机森林模型分析,土壤性质中的pH和TP显著影响土壤细菌多样性,而pH、SOM、TP和TN对土壤细菌群落结构影响显著.相关性分析和结构方程模型分析表明,土壤TP和SOM可以通过改变土壤细菌多样性和群落组成间接影响玉米生产力.研究结果从指导我国南方红壤区农田合理施肥的角度,为农田土壤质量提高及耕地产能提升提供科学依据. 相似文献
5.
生物多样性的海拔分布格局受制于气候、空间、环境等多种因子的影响,综合大量研究发现,无论是动植物还是微生物,环境因子对其影响与驱动的作用最明显。海拔梯度是决定分布格局的重要因素之一,因此探讨生物多样性在环境因子驱动下的海拔分布格局具有重要意义。文章分别探讨了植物、土壤动物和土壤微生物多样性沿海拔梯度的变化规律,揭示了温度、湿度及人为干扰等因素下植物多样性沿海拔梯度的5种分布格局及可能机制,土壤动物多样性沿海拔梯度的3种分布格局及可能机制,同时揭示土壤微生物在海拔分布格局虽然有物种模式,但是机制不是很明确;最后对植物、土壤动物、土壤微生物生物多样性耦合关系的认识作了阐述。并在此基础上,认为生物多样性的分布格局与尺度密切相关,因此开展不同尺度的生物多样性的研究以及它们对全球气候变化的响应是未来研究的重要方向;土壤动物群落的多样性的变化规律研究,应致力于其生理型、营养型、生态型的多样性的研究;在不同的研究尺度上,驱动微生物群落构建机制的差异导致了群落演变规律的变化,仍需要以地理学和生物学等相关学科理论为支撑,并与微生物群落构建理论相结合,对海拔分布格局下生物多样性的保护和生态系统稳定性研究提供科学依据。 相似文献
6.
Maintenance of biodiversity through seed banks and botanical gardens, where the wealth of species’ genetic variation may be preserved ex situ, is a major goal of conservation. However, challenges can persist in optimizing ex situ collections if trade-offs exist among cost, effort, and conserving species evolutionary potential, particularly when genetic data are not available. We evaluated the genetic consequences of population preservation informed by geographic (isolation by distance [IBD]) and environmental (isolation by environment [IBE]) distance for ex situ collections for which population provenance is available. We used 19 genetic and genomic data sets from 15 plant species to assess the proportion of population genetic differentiation explained by geographic and environmental factors and to simulate ex situ collections prioritizing source populations based on pairwise geographic distance, environmental distance, or both. Specifically, we tested the impact prioritizing sampling based on these distances may have on the capture of neutral, functional, or putatively adaptive genetic diversity and differentiation. Individually, IBD and IBE explained limited population genetic differences across all 3 genetic marker classes (IBD, 10–16%; IBE, 1–5.5%). Together, they explained a substantial proportion of population genetic differences for functional (45%) and adaptive (71%) variation. Simulated ex situ collections revealed that inclusion of IBD, IBE, or both increased allelic diversity and genetic differentiation captured among populations, particularly for loci that may be important for adaptation. Thus, prioritizing population collections based on environmental and geographic distance data can optimize genetic variation captured ex situ. For the vast majority of plant species for which there is no genetic information, these data are invaluable to conservation because they can guide preservation of genetic variation needed to maintain evolutionary potential within collections. 相似文献
7.
There is a pressing need for better explanations of diversity training effectiveness so that organizations can administer training programs that facilitate positive intergroup interactions. In this paper, we consider the unique predictive effect of organizational identification on diversity training outcomes beyond the effects of the traditional predictors of demographic-based identities and motivation to learn across two samples of employees involved in diversity-related training at their employing organizations. Organizational identification predicted unique variance in voluntary participation in diversity training, diversity training-related knowledge application, motivation to transfer diversity training, and diversity training-related organizational citizenship behavior intentions. Research and practitioner implications are discussed based on our findings. 相似文献
8.
以贵州花江峡谷花椒(Zanthoxylum bungeamun)林为研究对象,采用16S rRNA高通量测序技术,分析种植5、10、20、30 a花椒根际土壤细菌群落结构和多样性特征,探讨不同种植年限花椒土壤理化因子对根际细菌群落分布的影响,为喀斯特石漠化地区花椒农业可持续发展提供有效的理论依据。结果表明,随着花椒种植年限的增加,土壤含水率、pH和有效磷逐渐升高,有机质、铵态氮和硝态氮含量先降低后升高(P<0.05)。根际土壤细菌Shannon、Simpson指数总体呈现上升趋势,OTUs、Chao1指数在10a较低。PCo A分析显示,不同种植年限花椒根际细菌群落组成差异显著,并且随着年限的增加,群落结构趋于相似;差异指示种分析表明,5—30a差异指示种分别为Firmicutes(厚壁菌门)、Cyanobacteria(蓝藻菌门)、Planctomycetes(浮霉菌门)、Entotheonellaeota(肠杆菌门)。RDA分析表明,有机质和含水率与细菌群落分布显著相关(P<0.05)。系统发育多样性分析表明,丰富类群多样性与环境因子存在较多的正相关,稀有类群比丰富类群有更强的发育信号。Bug Base预测分析发现:随着年限增加根际土壤好氧细菌增加,厌氧细菌下降,5、10 a氧化胁迫耐受菌低于20、30 a,致病菌在5、10 a高于20、30 a。综上,种植年限影响了花椒根际土壤细菌群落多样性,不同年限根际土壤肥力不同使得土壤细菌选择性生长,随着一定时间发育花椒抗病能力提高。 相似文献
9.
Fungi are undoubtedly important for ecosystem functioning; however, they have been omitted or given scant attention in most biodiversity policy documents, management plans, and formal conservation schedules throughout the world. This oversight may be due to a general lack of awareness in the scientific community and compounded by a scarcity of mycology‐associated curricula at the tertiary level and a lack of mycologists in research institutions. Although molecular techniques advance the systematic cataloging of fungi and facilitate insights into fungal communities, the scarcity of professional mycologists in the environmental sciences hampers conservation efforts. Conversely, citizen science initiatives are making significant contributions to the mycology discipline by increasing awareness and extending the scope of fungal surveys. Future research by professional and amateur mycologists into the distribution of fungi and their function in ecosystems will help identify wider and more effective conservation goals. 相似文献
10.
Andrea Mentges Shane A. Blowes Dorothee Hodapp Helmut Hillebrand Jonathan M. Chase 《Conservation biology》2021,35(2):688-698
Estimates of biodiversity change are essential for the management and conservation of ecosystems. Accurate estimates rely on selecting representative sites, but monitoring often focuses on sites of special interest. How such site-selection biases influence estimates of biodiversity change is largely unknown. Site-selection bias potentially occurs across four major sources of biodiversity data, decreasing in likelihood from citizen science, museums, national park monitoring, and academic research. We defined site-selection bias as a preference for sites that are either densely populated (i.e., abundance bias) or species rich (i.e., richness bias). We simulated biodiversity change in a virtual landscape and tracked the observed biodiversity at a sampled site. The site was selected either randomly or with a site-selection bias. We used a simple spatially resolved, individual-based model to predict the movement or dispersal of individuals in and out of the chosen sampling site. Site-selection bias exaggerated estimates of biodiversity loss in sites selected with a bias by on average 300–400% compared with randomly selected sites. Based on our simulations, site-selection bias resulted in positive trends being estimated as negative trends: richness increase was estimated as 0.1 in randomly selected sites, whereas sites selected with a bias showed a richness change of −0.1 to −0.2 on average. Thus, site-selection bias may falsely indicate decreases in biodiversity. We varied sampling design and characteristics of the species and found that site-selection biases were strongest in short time series, for small grains, organisms with low dispersal ability, large regional species pools, and strong spatial aggregation. Based on these findings, to minimize site-selection bias, we recommend use of systematic site-selection schemes; maximizing sampling area; calculating biodiversity measures cumulatively across plots; and use of biodiversity measures that are less sensitive to rare species, such as the effective number of species. Awareness of the potential impact of site-selection bias is needed for biodiversity monitoring, the design of new studies on biodiversity change, and the interpretation of existing data. 相似文献