Extraction of heavy metals from e-waste contaminated soils using EDDS

Environmental contamination due to uncontrolled e-waste recycling activities is drawing increasing attention in the world. Extraction of these metals with biodegradable chelant [S,S]-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS) and the factors influencing extraction efficacy were investigated in the present study. Results showed that the addition of EDDS at low pH (5.5) produced higher metal extraction than that at high pH (8.0) solution. Metal speciation analysis indicated that Cu was completely complexed with EDDS at different pH conditions with various amounts of EDDS applied. For Pb and Zn, at low EDDS dose of 0.304 mol/kg soil, they were present as Pb- and Zn-EDDS. However, at high EDDS dose of 1.26 mol/kg soil, most of Pb was bound with dissolved organic matter. Ca and Al were found to be strong competitors for trace metals to EDDS at low application dose and low pH condition.     

ZVI/EDDS/Air体系降解水中2,4-二氯酚的研究

建立零价铁(ZVI)、乙二胺二琥珀酸(EDDS)和曝气三者组成的类Fenton(ZVI/EDDS/Air)处理体系,考察了初始EDDS浓度、铁粉投加量、曝气速率、2,4-二氯酚(2,4-DCP)浓度、初始pH以及反应温度等对水溶液中2,4-DCP降解的影响.结果表明,该体系能有效降解2,4-DCP,并且其降解规律符合准一级动力学方程.在2,4-DCP质量浓度100 mg·L-1、EDDS浓度0.80 mmol.L-1、铁粉投加量20 g·L-1、曝气速率为2 L.(min.L)-1的最佳实验条件下室温反应1 h,2,4-DCP的降解率达到99%.ZVI/EDDS/Air体系对氯酚的降解较ZVI/EDTA/Air体系具有环境友好、反应条件温和,而且对2,4-DCP的降解效果好等优点.     

Effects of iron(III)chelates on the solubility of heavy metals in calcareous soils

In this study I evaluated the effects of complexing agents on the solubility of heavy metals in an incubation experiment up to 56 days when complexing agents were applied as Fe-chelates (Fe-EDDS(S,S), Fe-EDDS(mix), Fe-EDTA and Fe-EDDHA) on calcareous soils at a level sufficient to correct Fe chlorosis (0.1 mmol kg⁻¹). Of these ligands, EDDHA was the most efficient in keeping Fe in water-soluble form, and EDDS increased the solubility of Cu and Zn most, and only EDTA increased the solubility of Cd and Pb. EDTA increased the solubility of Ni steadily during the incubation period, equalling about 5-8% of the added EDTA concentration. [S,S]-EDDS was biodegraded within 56 days, whereas EDDS(mix) was less biodegradable. Ni-chelates were the most recalcitrant against biodegradation. The study shows that even a moderate input of chelates to soil increases the solubility of toxic heavy metals and their risk of leaching.     

The effect of EDDS and citrate on the uptake of lead in hydroponically grown Matthiola flavida

Root and shoot lead concentrations and the impact of chelating agents on these were investigated in two populations of the novel metallophyte Matthiola flavida. Plants were exposed in hydroponics to Pb(NO₃)₂, supplied alone, or in combination with citric acid, or EDDS. When supplied at concentrations expected to bind about 95% of the Pb in a solution containing 1-μM Pb (1000 μM citrate or 3.1 μM EDDS, respectively), the root and shoot Pb concentrations were dramatically lowered, in comparison with a 1-μM free ionic Pb control exposure. A 1-mM EDDS + 1-μM Pb treatment decreased the plants’ Pb concentrations further, even to undetectable levels in one population. At 100 μM Pb in a 1-mM EDDS-amended solution the Pb concentration increased strongly in shoots, but barely in roots, in comparison with the 1-μM Pb + 1-mM EDDS treatment, without causing toxicity symptoms. Further increments of the Pb concentration in the 1-mM EDDS-amended solution, i.e. to 800 and 990 μM, caused Pb hyperaccumulation, both in roots and in shoots, associated with a complete arrest of root growth and foliar necrosis. M. flavida seemed to be devoid of constitutive mechanisms for uptake of Pb-citrate or Pb-EDDS complexes. Hyperaccumulation of Pb-EDDS occurred only at high exposure levels. Pb-EDDS was toxic, but is much less so than free Pb. Free EDDS did not seem to be toxic at the concentrations tested.     

螯合剂复配对实际重金属污染土壤洗脱效率影响及形态变化特征

乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA)是土壤重金属污染洗涤修复中最常用的洗涤剂,然而其难降解性会对环境产生不利影响.而污染场地重金属形态分布对其环境风险至关重要.以某化工场地多种重金属污染土壤为对象,为减少EDTA用量,开展室内振荡实验考察EDTA与EDDS复配对As、Cd、Cu及Pb的洗脱效果和最佳复配比条件下洗涤前后重金属形态变化.结果表明在最优洗脱条件下,As、Cd和Pb去除率在EDTA∶EDDS=7∶3时达到最高,分别为12.67%、38.71%和31.09%;Cu在复配比为9∶1时可达16.91%.洗涤后,As的铁锰氧化态含量升高,会增加一定的环境风险;Cd的形态分布大体与原土一致;Cu和Pb的洗脱主要来自铁锰氧化态,其中Pb的铁锰氧化态洗脱量最大,而有机结合态所占百分比降幅最显著.复配体系不仅对4种重金属的洗脱率有一定提升,洗涤后重金属有效态比例也有所降低,对土壤重金属污染的修复具有指导意义.     

乙二胺二琥珀酸和柠檬酸对黑土中外源重金属的活化效应

通过解吸实验和小麦盆栽实验,研究了生物可降解有机配体乙二胺二琥珀酸(EDDS)、柠檬酸(CIT)对黑土中外源Cu、Cd、Zn和Pb的活化效应.不同浓度EDDS﹑CIT对黑土中外源重金属解吸实验表明,EDDS对黑土中外源Cu、Cd、Zn和Pb的解吸远高于CIT.重金属/EDDS摩尔比为1∶1时,4种重金属的解吸率在50.8%～69.2%.小麦盆栽实验表明,EDDS为5 mmol/kg时,对小麦幼苗茎叶和根系中重金属含量影响较大,明显导致小麦幼苗茎叶和根系中Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn的富集量增加.EDDS处理组Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn的茎叶富集系数远高于对照组和CIT处理组.随时间的增加,EDDS处理组和CIT处理组重金属的根系富集量均增加,但对照组和CIT处理组大部分重金属14 d茎叶富集量略低于7 d茎叶富集量.因此,EDDS对黑土中外源重金属有较强的解吸和活化能力,可以较大程度地强化小麦幼苗根系对黑土中外源Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn的吸收并诱导这些重金属由根系向茎叶迁移.     

Extraction of copper from sewage sludge using biodegradable chelant EDDS

[S,S]-Ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid(EDDS),a biodegradable chelant,was used to separate the heavy metals from the sewage sludge based on chemical extraction technology.Under various conditions,the extraction experiments were carried out for the sewage sludge from Shanghai Taopu Municipal Wastewater Plant,China.The influences ofpH and the concentration of EDDS on the extraction efficiency for copper(Cu)were discussed.The results showed that EDDS had higher extraction efficiency for Cu from the sewage slud...     

EDDS对土壤铜镉有效性及蓖麻吸收转运的影响

为探究螯合剂对植物吸收重金属的影响,以蓖麻（Ricinus communis L.）为供试植物,通过土培和盆栽试验,研究不同含量乙二胺二琥珀酸（EDDS）对土壤中铜镉形态和植物吸收、转运的影响.结果表明,EDDS显著增加了土壤有效态铜和镉含量,培养15 d时,增幅分别为43.01%~103.55%和51.78%~69.43%,同时促进了可还原态铜向弱酸提取态转化,增加了土壤铜的移动性.EDDS促进了蓖麻对铜的吸收、转运与富集.EDDS 2.5和EDDS 5.0处理时,地上部铜含量是对照的4.88倍和16.65倍（P< 0.05）,根部是对照的2.89倍和3.60倍（P<0.05）,铜转运系数显著提高了72.73%和381.82%.EDDS 5.0处理时,蓖麻地上部和根部的铜提取量分别是对照处理的14.08倍和2.16倍,总铜提取量是对照处理的4.70倍（P< 0.05）.此外,EDDS显著增加了蓖麻镉含量,EDDS 2.5处理时,地上部和根部分别增加了15.15%和57.42%,蓖麻总镉提取量显著提高了13.44%.综上可知,EDDS能增加土壤铜镉的有效性,促进蓖麻对铜镉的吸收,提高蓖麻的修复效率,其中5.0 mmol·kg^-1 EDDS更有利于蓖麻对铜的提取,而2.5 mmol·kg^-1 EDDS处理对镉的提取有较高的增加效果.     

EDDS强化Fe0-Al0体系降解废水中4-氯酚的性能和机理

采用乙二胺二琥珀酸（EDDS）强化Fe⁰-Al⁰体系还原水溶液中的O₂产生H₂O₂和·OH等活性氧（ROS）的绿色高级氧化工艺,以4-氯酚（4-CP）模拟废水为研究对象,考察了溶液的初始pH值、铁铝的质量比、EDDS投加量和4-CP的初始浓度等因素对4-CP降解的影响.采用电子自旋共振（ESR）法、苯甲酸捕捉法以及4-CP的降解产物等证实了ROS的产生及4-CP的降解机制.结果表明：EDDS强化Fe⁰-Al⁰/O₂体系对4-CP的去除率随溶液初始pH的升高而降低,但在pH=2.5～9范围内,始终具有较好的4-CP去除率;随Fe⁰：Al⁰质量比增加4-CP的去除率先增大后减小,最佳质量比为4：1;随EDDS投加量和4-CP初始浓度增加,4-CP的去除率增大;EDDS可使体系的高级氧化能力提高9倍,在初始pH=2.5、Fe⁰=8g/L、Al⁰=2g/L、EDDS=1.5mmol/L条件下,反应3h后100mg/L 4-CP的去除率和脱氯率均达到近100%..     

生物可降解的螯合剂EDDS提取城市污泥中Cu，Zn，Pb和Cd

研究了生物可降解的螯合剂EDDS对城市污泥中的Cu,Zn,Cd和Pb的提取效应.EDDS提取动力学研究表明,Cu,Zn,Cd和Pb达到最大提取量的时间分别为12,24,36和36 h.EDDS提取液pH效应研究表明,pH对4种重金属元素的释放没有显著的影响.4种重金属元素的EDDS提取率:Cu为23%～39%,Zn为41%～42%,Cd为18%～24%,Pb为24%～44%.对比EDDS和EDTA对重金属的提取率:Cu为EDDS＞EDTA;Zn为EDDS≈EDTA;Cd和Pb为EDTA＞EDDS.提取之后,用BCR连续提取法研究污泥中残留的重金属元素的形态分布表明,酸溶/可交换态、可还原态和可氧化态金属浓度明显降低.综合考虑运行成本、提取率和城市污泥资源化利用价值,建议EDDS提取城市污泥条件为pH中性、提取时间24 h,从而可以有效地降低城市污泥中有效态重金属元素含量.