MCM-41分子筛负载铁铈催化降解甲基橙

采用等体积浸渍法制备了负载型有序介孔Fe-Ce/MCM-41催化剂。研究了该催化剂降解甲基橙的适宜工艺条件,并采用XPS,XRD,TEM技术对该催化剂进行了表征。实验结果表明,该催化剂Fenton氧化降解甲基橙的较适宜工艺条件为:溶液pH 5.0、甲基橙溶液初始质量浓度100 mg/L、催化剂加入量2.0 g/L、H_2O_2浓度20 mmol/L,在此适宜条件下反应120 min时,甲基橙去除率接近100%。表征结果显示:Fe-Ce/MCM-41催化剂主要由铁、铈、氧、碳4种元素组成;铁与铈的摩尔比接近3∶1;铁和铈主要以Fe_3O_4和CeO_2的形态存在于催化剂表面。     

铝钛改性MCM-41材料对污水中铅镉的吸附研究

研究了改性MCM-41材料对污水中重金属铅、镉离子的吸附行为。在MCM-41材料中加入Al、Ti两种诱因金属离子来合成新的Al-Ti-MCM-41及Ti-Al-MCM-41改性材料,通过氮气吸附-脱附等温线对Al-Ti-MCM-41(Al/Ti=1∶1)及Al-Ti-MCM-41(Al/Ti=2∶1)样品进行了表征,并采用改性后的MCM-41材料为吸附剂对含有二价铅、镉离子的溶液进行吸附实验,考察了吸附剂投加量,Pb2+、Cd2+初始质量浓度和吸附温度对吸附的影响。结果表明:改性Al-Ti-MCM-41(Al/Ti=1∶1)材料的最可几孔径和比孔容分别为16.68 nm和0.046 cm3/g,由BJH计算得到的平均孔径为17.02 nm;Al-Ti-MCM-41(Al/Ti=2∶1)的最可几孔径和比孔容分别为16.88 nm和0.083 cm3/g,由BJH计算得到的平均孔径为17.08 nm。Al-Ti-MCM-41(Al/Ti=1∶1)对Cd2+的吸附率为99.8%;Al-Ti-MCM-41(Al/Ti=2∶1)对Pb2+的吸附率为99.96%;Pb2+和Cd2+的吸附容量随吸附剂投加量的增加而降低,随离子初始浓度的增大而增加;温度越高越有利于吸附。该研究重点考察改性MCM-41材料在重金属铅镉离子污染治理中的性能,从而为解决重金属铅镉的污染,加强环境保护提供理论支撑和技术支持,具有明确的现实意义。     

MCM-41介孔分子筛的合成及其对铜离子的吸附性能简

以微硅粉为硅源，CTAB和PEG-6000为模板剂，合成MCM-41介孔分子筛。采用XRD、N₂吸附-脱附曲线、FTIR以及TEM表征了其结构、比表面积、孔径分布及晶体形貌，并且以该样品为吸附剂，对含Cu²⁺的溶液进行了静态吸附实验。结果表明，以微硅粉为硅源成功合成了具有典型六方排列孔道结构的MCM-41，其比表面积为869.5 m²/g，孔容为0.97 cm³/g，平均孔径为3.3 nm；溶液pH为5~6时，MCM-41对Cu²⁺的去除效果最好；MCM-41对Cu²⁺的最大吸附吸附容量36.3 mg/g；MCM-41对Cu²⁺的吸附性能符合Langmuir吸附方程的特征。动力学研究表明，该过程符合准二级动力学模型。     

Fe-MCM-41催化氧化2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸

采用水热法合成了Fe-MCM-41中孔分子筛,紫外、红外及XRD表征显示铁离子已进入中孔分子筛骨架。以H2O2为氧化剂形成类Fenton试剂,实验结果表明,在催化剂加入量为1 g/L、H2O2体积分数为6%、pH为4、反应时间为10h、反应温度为35℃的条件下,处理质量浓度为50 mg/L的2,4-D废水的降解率达94.95%。宏观动力学研究显示,该反应近似为一级反应,反应速率常数、表观活化能分别为0.21667 min-1和26.65 kJ/mol。     

Financial and economic factors affecting the lignite prices in Turkey: An analysis of Soma and Can lignites

Using a simultaneous equation econometric model based on yearly data between 1997 and 2006 for the Aegean Lignite Enterprise this study examines factors that affect the lignite price in Turkey. The Aegean Lignite Enterprise produces and sells the lignite of Soma and Can and their data reflect the general Turkish situation. The results suggest that (1) lignite prices sold to the industry increase (decrease) depending on the decrease (increase) in the industrial production and (2) total electricity production and electricity price are the most important factors that potential investors and related persons have to take into consideration for the pricing of lignite in the thermal power plant market.     

MCM-41吸附法脱除烟气中二氧化硫的研究

基于活性炭吸附剂存在再生成本高、高温吸附能力差以及在高湿高温下脱附后性能严重下降等问题,研究采用MCM-41材料作为新型烟气脱硫吸附材料,该材料具有表观均匀、比表面积大、耐高温、脱附后能高效利用等优点,该研究设计了一种基于MCM-41材料的烟气脱硫吸附装置。介绍了该烟气脱硫吸附装置的结构、工作原理,并对MCM-41材料和活性炭在烟气中二氧化硫吸附效果进行了对比实验研究。研究结果表明:MCM-41吸附剂脱硫性能优异,相比活性炭吸附剂,脱硫效率提高了4%~8.4%,基于MCM-41材料的烟气脱硫吸附装置结构紧凑、占地面积小、吸附剂更换方便、脱硫效率高,在烟气排放量较小的各类工业企业脱硫系统中具有广泛的应用前景。     

Rh-AI-MCM-41上NO选择性催化还原的原位红外研究

利用气－固相因定床反应装置考察了Rh交换的Al－MCM－41在高气体空速条件下对贫燃NOx的选择性催化还原活性，考察了氧含量对其的影响。结果表明，在200000h^-1的气体空速、O2／C3H6＝20、603K时，NO转化率为74．3％。利用原位FTIR技术研究了该催化剂的表面吸附物种及表面程序升温反应行为，并结合实验观察探讨了贫燃条件下Rh－Al－MCM－41催化剂上NO的选择性催化还原机理。     

Rh-Al-MCM-41上NO选择性催化还原的原位红外研究

利用气-固相固定床反应装置考察了Rh交换的Al-MCM-41在高气体空速条件下对贫燃NOx的选择性催化还原活性,考察了氧含量对其的影响。结果表明,在200000h~(-1)的气体空速、O_2/C_3H_6=20、603K时,NO转化率为74.3％。利用原位FTIR技术研究了该催化剂的表面吸附物种及表面程序升温反应行为,并结合实验观察探讨了贫燃条件下Rh-Al-MCM-41催化剂上NO的选择性催化还原机理。     

Temperature effects on mortality and household adaptation: Evidence from China

This paper examines the effects of extreme temperatures on mortality rates, using random year-to-year variation in temperature based on county-level panel data from China. The analysis finds a robust, U-shaped relationship between temperature and mortality rates, indicating that extremely cold or hot temperatures lead to excess deaths. The heat-related (cold-related) effect is 3.5 times (3.2 times) as large as previous findings that used U.S. data, and it is especially large for the elderly population, mainly due to excess deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases. Applying these results to climate change predictions from Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model shows that by 2061–2080 the annual mortality rate is likely to increase by 14.2% if global greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise throughout the 21st century, the estimated health cost of which is around 0.98 trillion Chinese Yuan per year. The paper also explores households’ adaptation behaviors to extreme temperatures. It finds that although urban households adaptively increase energy consumption when they are exposed to cold temperatures and purchase more air conditioners on hot and cold days, rural households are unresponsive to temperature fluctuations. This finding implies that rural people may be more resource constrained and suffer more when extreme temperatures occur.     

Effects of age and sex ratios on offspring recruitment rates in translocated black rhinoceros

Success of animal translocations depends on improving postrelease demographic rates toward establishment and subsequent growth of released populations. Short‐term metrics for evaluating translocation success and its drivers, like postrelease survival and fecundity, are unlikely to represent longer‐term outcomes. We used information theory to investigate 25 years of data on black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) translocations. We used the offspring recruitment rate (ORR) of translocated females—a metric integrating survival, fecundity, and offspring recruitment at sexual maturity—to detect determinants of success. Our unambiguously best model (AICω = 0.986) predicted that ORR increases with female age at release as a function of lower postrelease adult rhinoceros sex ratio (males:females). Delay of first postrelease reproduction and failure of some females to recruit any calves to sexual maturity most influenced the pattern of ORRs, and the leading causes of recruitment failure were postrelease female death (23% of all females) and failure to calve (24% of surviving females). We recommend translocating older females (≥6 years old) because they do not exhibit the reproductive delay and low ORRs of juveniles (<4 years old) or the higher rates of recruitment failure of juveniles and young adults (4–5.9 years old). Where translocation of juveniles is necessary, they should be released into female‐biased populations, where they have higher ORRs. Our study offers the unique advantage of a long‐term analysis across a large number of replicate populations—a science‐by‐management experiment as a proxy for a manipulative experiment, and a rare opportunity, particularly for a large, critically endangered taxon such as the black rhinoceros. Our findings differ from previous recommendations, reinforce the importance of long‐term data sets and comprehensive metrics of translocation success, and suggest attention be shifted from ecological to social constraints on population growth and species recovery, particularly when translocating species with polygynous breeding systems.