蔗渣吸附剂的制备及其对氨氮的吸附研究

从炭化蔗渣的炭化温度和用量,吸附动力学、吸附温度,溶液的酸度、组成,吸附等温线及氨氮的存在形式等方面探讨了实验制备的炭化蔗渣吸附去除溶液中氨氮的影响因素。结果表明,直接炭化法蔗渣吸附剂制备的最佳炭化温度为400℃;在初始氨氮浓度一定的条件下,随着吸附剂投加量的增大,炭化蔗渣对氨氮的吸附量减少;炭化蔗渣吸附氨氮的动力学曲线符合准二级动力学模型,吸附常数K2=3.59g(/mg/min);当pH=9.20时炭化蔗渣对氨氮的最大吸附量为10g/kg;在实验的pH范围内,pH=10时炭化蔗渣对氨氮的吸附去除最好;直接炭化法蔗渣吸附剂对氨氮吸附去除的最佳温度是40℃;pH为3.98～9.20时吸附等温线可用Langmuir与Freundlich吸附等温方程进行拟合。     

新型饮用水除氟材料Bio-F的除氟特性和比较研究

对3种传统除氟剂活性氧化铝、骨炭和改性沸石与自制的新型生物除氟剂Bio-F的除氟性能及影响因素（材料粒径、pH值、吸附时间、水样含氟浓度、其它离子、再生能力等）进行了比较,并模拟动态实验评估了这4种除氟材料对实际高氟地下水处理的效果.结果表明,Bio-F生物除氟剂对F^-的吸附过程符合Lagergren一级吸附动力学特征（R²=0.958 0）,吸附速率较快,且该过程属于吸热反应; Bio-F吸附F^-符合Langmuir吸附等温模型（R²=0.999 2）,吸附容量高,静态吸附容量可达4.088 3 mg·g^-1,分别约是活性氧化铝和改性沸石的1.8和 5.8倍.4种除氟材料吸附容量与氟浓度正相关,与吸附剂粒径负相关.高浓度的CO^2-₃、HCO^-₃明显抑制Bio-F的除氟（p<0.05）,但高浓度的Ca²⁺、NO^-₃、HPO^2-₄有利于Bio-F的除氟（p<0.001）.Bio-F除氟最佳停留时间3～4 min,远远低于沸石20 min和活性氧化铝11 min.在pH 4.0～9.0范围内Bio-F可保持90％以上吸附F^-的能力.再生性能稳定,10次再生后吸附容量变化不超过15%.Bio-F综合性能优于其它3种传统除氟剂,在我国广大农村地区推广有显著优越性.     

Heavy metal removal from aqueous solution using carbonaceous K2S-impregnated adsorbent

A novel carbonaceous adsorbent for heavy metal removal was prepared from raw coal by one-step simple sulfur impregnation using K2S. Raw coal was mixed with K2S powder and then heated at 800°C for 30 min in nitrogen to produce K2S char. The sulfur content and form in K2S char were determined, and the ability of K2S char to adsorb Zn2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ was examined. The K2S impregnation was e ective at impregnating sulfur into coal, especially in the form of elemental, thiophenic and sulfatic sulfur. The sulfur content of K2S char was higher than those of raw coal and pyrolysis char. The Zn2+ removal in 2.4 mmol/L of Zn2+ solution by K2S char was higher than raw coal with the removal rate of 100%. K2S char adsorbed Pb2+ and Cd2+ in 24 mmol/L of Pb2+ and Cd2+ solution with the removal rate of 97% and 35%, respectively. The elution extents of adsorbed Pb2+ and Cd2+ were zero in distilled water and 27% in 0.1 mol/L HCl solution. These results indicated that an e ective adsorbent for heavy metal ions was prepared from coal using K2S sulfur impregnation, and that the adsorbed metals were strongly retained in K2S char.     

Application of magnetic particles modified with amino groups to adsorb copper ions in aqueous solution

A magnetic adsorbent can be easily recovered from treated water by magnetic force,without requiring further downstream treatment.In this research,amine-functionalized silica magnetite has been synthesized using N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]-ethylenediamine(TPED) as a surface modification agent.The synthesized magnetic amine adsorbents were used to adsorb copper ions in an aqueous solution in a batch system,and the maximum adsorption was found to occur at pH 5.5 ± 0.1.The adsorption equilibrium data fitted t...     

污泥与煤共热解制备吸附剂及其对活性艳红X-3B的吸附性能

以污水处理站脱水污泥和煤为原料共热解制备吸附剂,将其用于活性艳红X-3B模拟染料废水的吸附处理.考察了吸附时间,温度,pH及吸附剂投加量对吸附效果的影响,并对其吸附动力学和热力学特性进行了探讨.结果表明:所制备吸附剂的碘吸附值为321.62 mg/g,产率为44.85%,比表面积为189.23 m2/g,浸出液中未检测出重金属;吸附剂对活性艳红X-3B的去除率随吸附时间、温度和吸附剂投加量的增加均增大,并逐渐趋于平衡,而随pH的增加而减小;吸附剂对活性艳红X-3B的吸附动力学比较符合伪二级吸附动力学方程和二阶段吸附动力学方程,颗粒内扩散过程是吸附速率的控制步骤,但不是唯一的速率控制步骤;Langmuir等温方程比Freundlich等温方程更适合于描述该吸附行为;吸附焓变(ΔH0)>0,吸附是一个吸热过程,提高温度有利于吸附的进行,吸附自由能变(ΔG0)<0,吸附过程为自发进行,吸附熵变(ΔS0)>0.     

二乙烯三胺改性聚多巴胺包覆硅胶吸附日落黄

采用二乙烯三胺(DETA)改性聚多巴胺(PDA)包覆硅胶(SG)得到吸附剂SG@DETA/PDA。通过FTIR、SEM和氮气吸附-脱附等技术对SG@DETA/PDA进行了形貌和结构表征,并考察了其对阴离子染料日落黄的吸附性能。表征结果显示,SG@DETA/PDA表面有PDA微球团聚形成的较为致密的包覆层,其比表面积和孔体积均比吸附剂SG@PDA有小幅提高。实验结果表明:SG@DETA/PDA吸附日落黄的最佳工艺条件为溶液p H 2.0、吸附时间2.0 h、初始染料质量浓度150 mg/L,在上述最佳工艺条件及298 K温度条件下SG@DETA/PDA对日落黄的吸附容量为175.56 mg/g。SG@DETA/PDA吸附日落黄的过程可以分别用准二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温吸附方程很好地拟合,该吸附过程主要是通过静电作用的单分子层吸附,是一个吸热自发的熵增过程。     

Preconcentration of cadmium and copper ions on magnetic core–shell nanoparticles for determination by flame atomic absorption

Magnetic core–shell nanoparticles modified by (3-aminopropyl) trimethoxy silane were prepared and used as adsorbent for the extraction and preconcentration of cadmium and copper ions. The ions were desorbed with nitric acid followed by determination with flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The extraction conditions were investigated systematically. The method was applied for the determination of Cd(II) and Cu(II) ions in different water samples. The accuracy was also evaluated through analysis of certified reference material.     

壳聚糖活性污泥复合吸附剂的制备研究

为了提高污泥细胞吸附重金属离子的应用能力,采用壳聚糖包埋固定活性污泥,制备了粒径2~3 mm的壳聚糖活性污泥复合吸附剂SCTS.以吸附溶液中CrO2-4的吸附率为指标,通过单因素实验对制备过程中采用的2种固化液及5种发泡剂进行比选,考察了固化液浓度、发泡剂量、交联剂量、活性污泥与壳聚糖用量比值及发泡温度对SCTS吸附能力的影响,由正交实验确定影响因素主次顺序及最优水平组合.结果发现,固化液浓度、发泡剂量、污泥与壳聚糖用量比值及发泡温度对SCTS吸附能力影响较强,影响次序为固化液浓度发泡剂量活性污泥与壳聚糖用量比值发泡温度.最优水平组合为4 g·L-1三聚磷酸钠(STPP)固化液、剂量为吸附剂质量10%的NH4HCO3发泡剂、活性污泥与壳聚糖用量比值0.5、发泡温度100℃,此时CrO2-4吸附率最高可达97.3%.该吸附剂的制备研究为污泥的资源化利用探索了新的途径.     

改性纤维素负载零价铁去除三氯甲烷的研究

以接枝改性后的纤维素SCB为载体,采用液相还原法制备改性纤维素负载零价铁吸附剂ZVI-SCB,利用XRD、ESEM进行表征,并研究其对三氯甲烷(TCM)的去除性能.系统探讨了不同材料、ZVI-SCB投加量、TCM的初始质量浓度、pH值和氯离子质量浓度对TCM去除性能的影响.在ZVI-SCB投加量为5g/L,TCM的初始质量浓度为36.7mg/L,pH值为3.1时,TCM的去除率高达84.4%.采用准一级方程和准二级方程对ZVI-SCB去除TCM的过程进行拟合,准二级动力学方程相关系数R的范围为0.996~0.999,证明ZVI-SCB对TCM的去除过程符合二级动力学模型.     

磁性PEI功能化秸秆的制备及对Pb (Ⅱ)的吸附

为获得同时具有优良的吸附性能和磁分离特性的生物吸附材料,以汽爆秸秆为基质,采用戊二醛交联剂法制备了磁性聚乙烯亚胺功能化秸秆吸附剂（Fe₃O₄-PEI-RS）,通过SEM、XRD、FTIR、XPS和VSM等手段表征了材料的结构和性质,测定了Pb（Ⅱ）在Fe₃O₄-PEI-RS上的吸附性能,考察了pH、吸附时间、吸附剂投加量、Pb（Ⅱ）初始浓度、温度等因素对吸附的影响.结果表明,Fe₃O₄-PEI-RS对Pb（Ⅱ）的吸附具有强烈的pH依赖性;吸附时间对Pb（Ⅱ）的吸附效率有明显的影响,在180 min时吸附达到平衡,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型;Langmuir和Freundlich模型都能很好地描述Pb（Ⅱ）在Fe₃O₄-PEI-RS上的吸附行为,20、30和40℃时最大吸附量分别为192.31、200.00和212.77 mg/g;热力学参数△G < 0,而焓变△H>0、△S>0,说明该吸附属于熵增加的自发吸热反应过程,升温有利于吸附.重复试验表明,EDTA作解吸剂,经5次吸附/解吸附循环后吸附剂仍能保持较高的吸附容量.研究显示,所制Fe₃O₄-PEI-RS对Pb（Ⅱ）具有较高的吸附容量,稳定性好、可循环利用,能在磁场下实现快速分离.