Distribution of Iron, Manganese, Zinc and Atrazine in Groundwater in Parts of Palar and Cheyyar River Basins, South India

A study was carried out in a part of Palar and Cheyyar river basin to evaluate the current status of iron, manganese, zinc and atrazine concentrations, their origin and distribution in groundwater. Groundwater samples were collected during post-monsoon (March 1998 and February 1999) and pre-monsoon (June 1999) periods from 41 sampling wells distributed throughout the study area. The groundwater samples were analyzed for trace metals using AAS and atrazine using HPLC. The concentration of the trace elements in groundwater is predominant during pre-monsoon period. Distribution pattern indicates that the concentration of these elements increases from west to northeast and towards Palar river. Lower concentrations in the central part may be due to recharge of fresh water from the lakes located here. During most of the months, as there is no flow in Palar river, the concentrations of trace elements in groundwater are high. Drinking water standards indicate that Mn and Zn cross the permissible limit recommended by EPA during the pre-monsoon period. A comparison of groundwater data with trace element chemistry of rock samples shows the abundance of trace elements both in the rock and water in the order of Fe > Mn > Zn and Fe > Zn > Mn. This indicates that iron in groundwater is derived from lithogenic origin. Further, Fe, Mn and Zn have good correlation in rock samples, while it is reverse in the case of water samples, indicating the non-lithogenic origin of Mn and Zn. Atrazine (a herbicide) was not detected in any of the groundwater samples in the study area, perhaps due to low-application rate and adsorption in the soil materials.     

我国废钢铁资源的可持续利用政策

本文概述了我国废钢铁资源回收利用的现状以及钢铁工业对废钢铁资源的需求现状，用三种不同的模型预测了未来钢铁工业的发展对废钢铁资源的需求，提出了废钢铁资源可持续利用存在的问题和政策建议。     

Ecogenetic features and functions of solods in transural forest-steppes (within Sverdlovsk Oblast)

Specific ecogenetic features of solods in the forest-steppe zone has been studied, and the role of biotic and abiotic factors of soil formation has been estimated. Differentiation of soil horizons with respect to the physical clay fraction accounts for specific features of their moistening, which is reflected in the ratio of strongly and weakly crystallized forms of iron. Periodic changes in redox conditions results in iron segregation, and a high content of fulvic acids accounts for its eluvial migration. These processes are controlled by soil geochemical barriers.     

CDM Project Activities in China＇s Iron and Steel Industry：Current Status,Barriers and Development Strategies

China is now facing huge pressure from both the domestic concern of energy security and the global community's call for emission reduction commitment. As one of the major energy consumers and greenhouse gas emitters, China's iron and steel industry has a huge clean development mechanism (CDM) potential. This article both quantitatively and qualitatively analyzes the current status of CDM project activities in the iron and steel industry in China, including characteristics of approved project types, applicable methodologies, and potential technology fields. From the perspective of project implementation, the article summarizes development barriers such as high investment risk, difficulty in project identification, strict requirements on PPDs, long registration waiting time, and etc. Policy suggestions are also put forwarded to help better promote the development of CDM projects in the iron and steel industry.     

基于渗流-应力耦合分析的野鸡尾尾矿坝稳定性研究

基于渗流场与应力场耦合机理,对柿竹园野鸡尾尾矿坝进行稳定性研究。研究渗流-应力的耦合效应,提出了渗流-应力耦合以及渗流体积力计算的实施方案;建立二维的有限元渗流-应力耦合计算模型,分析了考虑耦合效应时的尾矿坝渗流场、位移场、应力场;最终分析了不同耦合关系对于渗流量、位移场、等效渗透集中力以及应力场的影响。研究结果表明:当前水力条件下,尾矿坝稳定性良好;尾矿坝主要受水平渗透力作用,初期坝坝顶、坝脚以及坝底等处应力集中;尾矿坝的渗流-应力作用不容忽视,不同的耦合关系对于x方向位移、渗透力的预测影响巨大;考虑渗流-应力耦合关系得到的主应力、剪应力以及竖向位移,比不考虑耦合效应时大。     

基于SBAS-InSAR和BPNN的铀尾矿坝形变智能监测与预测

为提高铀尾矿库退役治理的监测工作效率,提出一个基于小基线合成孔径雷达干涉测量(SBAS-InSAR)技术和反向传播神经网络(BPNN)的铀尾矿库形变智能监测与预测模型。首先,利用SBAS-InSAR技术得到铀尾矿库2020年12月—2022年12月的累计形变量与年均形变速率,并用第一拦水坝的7个全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)监测站验证InSAR监测值的精度;然后,选取铀尾矿库中的雷公塘坝、南坡横坝、战斗坝和松林坝4个坝段的累计沉降量并结合降雨量进行沉降分析;最后,随机提取铀尾矿坝100个沉降点的累积沉降数据,通过BPNN预测铀尾矿坝的形变。结果表明：2年间铀尾矿库的形变速率在-60.06～34.94 mm/a,铀尾矿坝整体处于下沉状态,累计沉降量最大为-46.67 mm。BPNN预测值与实际监测值的平均绝对误差为0.586 mm,均方误差为0.624 mm。     

竖向荷载作用下承插式球墨铸铁供水管道接口破损试验与数值模拟研究∗

管道接口是影响市政供水管网日常运行安全的关键薄弱环节。然而,目前的研究大多集中于地震荷载和轴向荷载作用下管道接口的力学性能,对于竖向荷载作用下承插式球墨铸铁供水管道接口的弯曲力学性能研究较少,造成这一类型的管道接口无法进行全面的综合评价。鉴于此,以承插式球墨铸铁供水管道接口为主要研究对象,开展了竖向荷载作用下的破损试验和数值模拟。研究结果表明：(1)接口橡胶密封圈接触失效是管道出现渗漏的主要原因;(2)管道接口的相对转角与竖向荷载整体呈正相关关系;(3)管道发生漏水时的相对转角为 12°左右。 因此,为避免管道接口在接触滑移、旋转、拉拔等不同受力情景下的失效,建议对供水管道的接口构造,尤其是橡胶密封圈进行精细化设计,以提高管道接口的最大允许转角,同时发挥橡胶密封圈良好的压缩和变形能力。     

Fe-耐盐功能菌群联用对盐碱地的改良效果

在单一改良措施难以实现预期的盐碱地修复效果时,综合运用多种修复策略逐渐成为盐碱地改良的关键方向。该研究构建了Fe-耐盐功能菌群联合修复系统,结合土壤培养实验与16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术,系统研究了该联合系统对盐碱土理化性质的改善效果及其对植物生长的促进作用,探讨了微生物群落多样性、组成和功能在该修复系统中的响应特征。结果表明,Fe-耐盐功能菌群联用对土壤pH和含盐量改良效果显著。其中,5%Fe与耐盐功能菌联用修复效果最佳,可将土壤pH降低0.18、含盐量减少37.5%,使中度盐化、轻度碱化的土壤改良为轻度盐化、无碱化状态,并显著提升土壤全氮含量35.3%（P<0.05）。此外,该系统通过增强植物体内超氧化物歧化酶和脯氨酸的产生,有效缓解了盐胁迫带来的损伤,显著促进了植物的生长。改良措施显著改变了土壤理化性质,并对土壤微生物群落结构产生了较大影响,改良后土壤优势菌门为变形菌门（56.84%~75.48%）、拟杆菌门（19.31%~62.47%）、厚壁菌门（6.78%~8.85%）、放线菌门（2.80%~3.97%）、脱硫杆菌门（1.47%~3.08%）和盐厌氧菌门（0.88%~0.13%）。在属水平,Fe-耐盐功能菌群联用对污泥螺菌属、假单胞菌属、海杆菌属等产生驯化、富集作用,优化了盐碱地的作物生长环境。本研究不仅为提升盐碱地农作物产量提供了有效途径,还为发展可持续农业提供了重要的理论依据和数据支持。     

Impact of mining activities on soils in a semi-arid environment: Sierra Almagrera district, SE Spain

Field and laboratory-column studies were undertaken in order to investigate soil contamination derived from past mining activity in the Sierra Almagrera (SA) district in southeast Spain. The tailings, soil and sediment samples that were collected showed high concentrations of Ag, As, Ba, Cu, Pb, Sb and Zn when analyzed. The mean concentrations of these elements in the tailings were 29.8, 285.4, 54000, 57.7, 2687.5, 179.0 and 2269.0 ppm, respectively. In the soil samples these decreased to 14.3, 96.9, 24700, 37.5, 1859.1, 168.5 and 815.7 ppm, respectively. Geochemical analyses demonstrated high levels of As, Pb and Zn which were above the intervention values set forth in the Andalusian Regulations for Contaminated Soils for As (>50 ppm), Pb (>500 ppm) and Zn (>2000 ppm). Column experiments and mineralogical studies suggest that the dissolution of sulfates and other secondary phases, accumulated in soils and waste-sites during the dry season, acts to control the mobility of metals. The elution curves obtained from column experiments showed a mobilization of Ba, Cu, Pb and Zn, while a low mobility was seen for Ag, As and Sb.     

Germination,Growth, and Nodulation of Sesbania rostrata Grown in Pb/Zn Mine Tailings

Sesbania rostrata in pure and amended Pb/Zn tailings. About 90% of seeds of S. rostrata germinated in pure Pb/Zn tailings, which contained high concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd. Although seedling growth suffered from the adverse environment of Pb/Zn tailings, they became established on tailings stands, in the greenhouse, as well as on the actual tailings dam, and completed their life cycle in 4 months. Dry matter production and nitrogen accumulation was 3200 kg/ha and 69.4 kg/ha, respectively in the actual tailings dam. Applying inorganic fertilizer to Pb/Zn tailings led to no obvious improvement in growth and nodulation of S. rostrata, while tailings amended by river sediment or domestic refuse rich in organic matter improved the growth and nodulation of the species. Azorhizobium caulinodans survived and formed N-fixing stem and root nodules in S. rostrata grown in pure Pb/Zn tailings with a nodule biomass exceeding 300 mg fresh matter per plant.