乙二醇分批精馏塔的工艺设计

采用变参数操作法分批蒸馏回收乙二醇（EG）是对传统分批蒸馏法工艺技术的改进和创新,以新设计理念设计的精馏塔具有操作灵活、投资少、节能、适用性强等优点。新塔运行实践表明：与旧塔相比,其处理量大,可达6000 t/a;产品质量高,可达99.9%;乙二醇损耗低：12.5Kg/tEG;每年可多创产值102万元,经济效益显著。     

SBBR技术处理有机农药废水的试验研究

选用盾形填料,利用序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)对有机农药废水进行试验研究,最终将工艺参数确定为:厌氧2.0h,好氧曝气4.0h,曝气量为0.12～0.15m3/h,DO为4.9～7.5mg/L,pH值为7.0～8.0。处理效果为:COD、BOD5、TP的平均去除率分别达到85%、90%、93%,出水水质达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》二级标准。     

A/DAT-IAT生物膜法处理高含盐废水

以含盐量为60 000mg/L(以NaCl计)的模拟工业废水为研究对象,利用A/DAT-IAT生物膜反应器,研究A/DAT-IAT工艺对投加悬浮填料后高含盐废水的处理,并以CODCr、NH4 -N、PO43--P等作为指标评价处理效果.试验结果表明,在总水力停留时间(HRT)为13 h、pH=7,5、25℃条件下,进水ρ(CODCr)、ρ(NH4 -N)和ρ(PO43--P)分别为907.4～1 210.0 mg/L、86.2～99.7 mg/L和3.6～5.1 mg/L.CODCr、NH4 -N和PO43--P的平均去除率分别为73.9%、38.6%和93.5%,平均出水SS为198 mg/L,其中CODCr和PO43--P的去除效果较好.研究表明,A/DAT-IAT生物膜法较其他活性污泥法有了较大的提高.     

陶粒移动床处理低浓度生活污水的性能

采用填充率为30%的生物陶粒移动床(BCMBBR)处理东莞城镇低浓度、低碳高氨氮生活污水(COD约130～185 mg·L-1、C/N=3～7).同时,考察了BCMBBR在5种工况下的运行效果及相应的微生物相状况.结果表明,BCMBBR运行的最佳条件为:HRT为8 h,气水体积比为4:1.COD,BOD5、NH4+-N...     

重型柴油车车载排放实测与加载影响研究

采用车载排放测试仪,对2辆重型柴油卡车在空载和加载条件下进行实际道路车载排放测试.通过分析获得了油耗与排放速率的速度-加速度及其工况点的分布,发现高油耗与高排放工况点主要集中在高速加速区域,加载时油耗与排放高值随工况点分布更广;车辆在(30±2.5)km·h^-1等速及加速行驶时受加载影响最大,此时加载油耗与排放约是空载的1.6～3.2倍左右;由实测结果发现,卡车Ⅰ和卡车Ⅱ加载时油耗及CO、HC、NO_x排放因子分别是空载的1.6倍、3.5倍、1.1倍、1.5倍以及1.2倍、1.0倍、0.9倍和1.5倍,加载对油耗与NO_x排放影响最为明显,对HC影响最小,CO影响取决于车辆保养水平;卡车Ⅱ较卡车Ⅰ车型更大,发动机功率更高,相同荷载时受加载影响较小,说明重型车在发动机负荷可承受的范围内合理装载,有助于避免油耗与排放恶化,提高燃油经济性和排放水平.     

竹制填料生物接触氧化工艺处理污染河水简

针对受污染的湖溪河水质特征，以传统弹性塑料填料做对比，研究以竹球和竹丝为填料的生物接触氧化工艺，考察填料的挂膜时间、生物量和污水处理效果；确定连续曝气和间歇曝气时反应器的最优运行工况：连续曝气时为HRT=7.5 h，DO=3 mg/L；间歇曝气时为厌氧1.2 h、好氧6.3 h交替运行。实验结果表明，与弹性塑料填料相比，竹制填料挂膜速度快，竹球填料的水处理效果最好；连续曝气最优工况下竹球填料反应器中COD、TN、NH₃-N和TP的平均去除率分别为66.7%、47.9%、57.1%和30.6%；间歇曝气最优工况下竹球填料反应器中COD、TN、NH₃-N和TP的平均去除率分别64.08%、39.95%、60.7%和54.68%；竹制填料可替代传统的塑料填料作为生物接触氧化工艺的载体填料。     

一种包埋微生物复合填料的制备及性能评价

采用包埋法制备出一种复合生物填料，测其各项理化性质，并以NO。模拟废气验证其脱硝性能。填料主要由碳酸钙、牛粪堆肥腐殖质、菌剂载体、水泥、轻质珍珠岩、立体网状纤维及脱硝功能微生物等复合而成，粒径书12mm×20mm，自然堆积密度（471±0．8）kg／m2，持水量（49±1．3）％，比表面积3．91m2／g，平均机械强度（427．3±0．2）N，pH为10．5-0．2。填料能长期在潮湿环境中保持良好的粘结强度，并具有营养缓释及pH缓冲能力。包埋脱硝功能微生物复合填料中初期微生物数量5．3×10^5 CFU／g，运行60d后微生物数量达到8．6×10 8 CFU／g，闲置停运30d微生物有所减少，但重启后净化效率基本不变。当进气负荷低于I878mg／（13m3·h），气体停留时间为14．47s时，BF，的去除率高达93．15％。     

强化垂直流可渗透反应墙处理渗滤液污染物

针对垃圾渗滤液污染物组分多、处理难度大、可生化性差的特点,基于可渗透反应墙(PRB)被动修复技术,通过多种填料的组合构建三重垂直流PRB强化的砂箱模型,对垃圾渗滤液进行连续动态处理研究。实验结果表明,填料的组合顺序对强化PRB系统净化能力有较大的影响,由无烟煤、沸石、钢渣依次组成的强化垂直流PRB系统(2#砂箱)对NH+4-N、NO-3-N、NO-2-N、COD、PO3-4-P的平均去除率分别为96.12%、30.36%、75.24%、39.03%和30.47%,处理效果明显好于相同条件下依次由无烟煤、钢渣、沸石组成的强化垂直流PRB系统(1#砂箱)。与常规PRB处理系统相比,强化垂直流可渗透反应墙系统可实现垃圾渗滤液中多种污染物同步有效去除,是极具发展潜力的新型技术。     

Waste oyster shell as a kind of active filler to treat the combined wastewater at an estuary

Estuaries have been described as one of the most difficult environments on Earth. It is difficult to know how to treat the combined wastewater in tidal rivers at the estuary, where the situation is very different from ordinary fresh water rivers. Waste oyster shell was used as the active filler in this study in a bio-contact oxidation tank to treat the combined wastewater at the Fengtang Tidal River. With a middle-experimental scale of 360 ma/day, the average removal efficiency of COD, BOD, NH3-N, TP and TSS was 80.05%, 85.02%, 86.59%, 50.58% and 85.32%, respectively, in this bio-contact oxidation process. The living microbes in the biofilms on the waste oyster shell in this bio-contact oxidation tank, which were mainly composed of zoogloea, protozoa and micro-metazoa species, revealed that waste oyster shell as the filler was suitable material for combined wastewater degradation. This treatment method using waste oyster shell as active filler was then applied in a mangrove demonstration area for water quality improvement near the experiment area, with a treatment volume of 5 × 10^3 m^3/day. Another project was also successfully applied in a constructed wetland, with a wastewater treatment volume of 1 ×10^3 m^3/day. This technology is therefore feasible and can easily be applied on a larger scale,     

Phosphorus recovery from biogas fermentation liquid by Ca–Mg loaded biochar

Shortage in phosphorus (P) resources and P wastewater pollution is considered as a serious problem worldwide. The application of modified biochar for P recovery from wastewater and reuse of recovered P as agricultural fertilizer is a preferred process. This work aims to develop a calcium and magnesium loaded biochar (Ca–Mg/biochar) application for P recovery from biogas fermentation liquid. The physico-chemical characterization, adsorption efficiency, adsorption selectivity, and postsorption availability of Ca-Mg/biochar were investigated. The synthesized Ca–Mg/biochar was rich in organic functional groups and in CaO and MgO nanoparticles. With the increase in synthesis temperature, the yield decreased, C content increased, H content decreased, N content remained the same basically, and BET surface area increased. The P adsorption of Ca–Mg/biochar could be accelerated by nano-CaO and nano-MgO particles and reached equilibrium after 360 min. The process was endothermic, spontaneous, and showed an increase in the disorder of the solid–liquid interface. Moreover, it could be fitted by the Freundlich model. The maximum P adsorption amounts were 294.22, 315.33, and 326.63 mg/g. The P adsorption selectivity of Ca–Mg/biochar could not be significantly influenced by the typical pH level of biogas fermentation liquid. The nano-CaO and nano-MgO particles of Ca–Mg/biochar could reduce the negative interaction effects of coexisting ions. The P releasing amounts of postsorption Ca–Mg/biochar were in the order of Ca–Mg/B600 > Ca–Mg/B450 > Ca–Mg/B300. Results revealed that postsorption Ca–Mg/biochar can continually release P and is more suitable for an acid environment.