聚电解质溶液中粘土颗粒的ζ电位

分别测定了 5种不同分子量和 5种不同分子链电荷密度的阴离子聚电解质高分子在钠蒙脱石粘土颗粒表面吸附前后粘粒的ζ电位 ;讨论分析了分子结构和体系环境对粘粒 ζ电位的影响以及聚电解质对粘土 -水分散体系的稳定作用。     

Advanced oxidation treatment of physico-chemically pre-treated olive mill industry effluent

In this study, the applicability of physico-chemical methods was investigated for the pre-treatment of the olive mill effluents prior to the discharge into the common sewerage ending with a municipal wastewater treatment plant. The samples were taken from an olive oil industry operated as three-phase process located in Turkey. Various pre-treatment methods including acid craking, polyelectrolyte and lime additions were applied. Advanced oxidation study using Fenton's process was also investigated following pre-treatment by acid cracking and cationic polyelectrolyte. Acid cracking alone gave satisfactory treatment efficiencies and polyelectrolite additions to the acid-cracked samples enhanced treatment efficiency. Since a complete treatment plant is available at the end of the sewer system, results indicated that the effluents of the investigated industry could be discharged into the municipal sewerage in the case of total chemical oxygen demand (COD_tot), suspended solid (SS) and volatile suspended solid (VSS) concentrations according to the Turkish Water Pollution Control Regulation after pre-treatment with 5 ppm anionic polyelectrolyte following acid cracking. The minimum COD_tot, SS and VSS removals were observed when raw wastewater was pre-treated with lime and the discharge standards to the municipal sewer system could not be met. Advanced oxidation with Fenton's process was applied after acid cracking and cationic polyelectrolyte treatment in order to investigate further reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration for minimizing the influence of this industrial discharge on the existing municipal wastewater treatment plant. Results indicated that COD_tot removal increased up to 89% from 74% after Fenton's oxidation for the acid cracked samples in which cationic polyelectrolite (10 ppm) was added.     

用Ca（OH）_2－PDADMA－PAM法絮凝处理制革废水

提出了用于水处理的Ｃａ（ＯＨ）＿２－ＰＤＡＤＭＡ－ＰＡＭ新方法，采用核法对兰州制革厂综合废水进行絮凝处理的研究．实验结果表明，该法对污染物的去除率高，絮凝剂用量少，沉降速度快，产生的污泥量小，并对多种水质的处理具有适用性．     

阳离子聚电解质强化絮凝去除活性染料的研究

选用三种活性染料分别配成模拟染料废水,用阳离子聚电解质(PDADMAC)强化絮凝去除活性染料.结果表明,PDADMAC去除活性染料的机理为聚电解质络合絮凝.PDADMAC的阳离子度高,分子量低,疏水性大,脱色去除效果较好.而且,活性染料的脱色去除率随活性染料色度的深浅而不同,表现为活性黑K-BG＞活性艳红K-2BP＞活性嫩黄K-6G.     

聚电解质吸附特性的压电传感监测研究

在石英晶体微天平的电极表面修饰SiO2薄层,实时测定阳离子聚电解质均聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵在SiO2表面的吸附质量和吸附动力学过程,在此基础上,监测阴离子染料活性艳红K-2BP在预吸附聚电解质膜上的吸附过程,并讨论了溶液离子强度、pH值对聚电解质吸附特性的影响.     

阳离子聚电解质聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵的絮凝机理初探

以聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵PDADMAC(特性粘度分别为2.7,1.4,0.7)为絮凝剂,对比PAC和PFC,通过残余浊度、Zeta电位、FI絮凝指数的测定,研究了PDADMAC对高岭土悬浊体系(浊度分别为6000,1000,200和10 NTU)的絮凝特性,并对其絮凝作用机理进行了探讨.结果表明,PDADMAC的吸附构型决定其絮凝机理在较低初始悬浊物浓度下(200 NTU)为单个颗粒物表面吸附覆盖及其"吸附电中和"絮凝模型;在高浊条件下(＞1000 NTU)为单颗粒表面(Monomer)部分吸附覆盖及其"吸附架桥"絮凝模型.     

两性高分子重金属絮凝剂PEX等电点与絮凝性能的研究

利用浊度法测定两性高分子重金属絮凝剂PEX的等电点,从其捕集重金属离子和除浊两方面研究了絮凝效果与等电点之间的关系,结果表明:(1)在等电点时,除浊效果较好,而去除重金属离子的效果较差; (2)与等电点时相比,在低于等电点时,浊度的去除效果下降,而重金属离子的去除效果升高;(3)在高于等电点时,浊度的去除效果较差,随着pH值的增加,去除率逐渐降低,而重金属离子的去除效果较好.此外,等电点时重金属离子的存在对浊度的去除影响较小,而浊度的存在对重金属离子的去除影响较大.     

用四乙烯五胺制得的高效除油浮选剂及性能

研究了用四乙烯五胺与甲醛、尿素、环氧氯丙烷合成高分子浮选剂的条件，并用充气浮选法考察了产品性能。浮选剂的合成分两步，首先用四乙烯五胺、甲醛、尿素进行Ｍａｎｎｉｃｈ反应制得聚和单体，然后用聚合单体与一定比例的环氧氯丙烷聚合和季铵化。着重研究了四乙烯五胺与环氧氯丙烷的不同摩尔比对产物性能的影响，并把其产物的浮选性能与用甲胺、二甲胺、二乙胺、二乙醇胺制得产物的浮选性相比，结果表明；四乙烯五胺与环氧氯丙烷的最佳摩尔比为１：１．５；用四乙烯五胺制得的浮选剂的浮选效果比用甲胺、二甲胺、二乙胺、二乙醇胶制得的要好。     

高密度电荷阳离子聚电解质对油污泥的混凝性能

采用酯交换反应合成高密度电荷阳离子质（粘均分子量２６０×１０＾４和电荷密度４５％）,通过对油污泥的混凝处理试验,实验油、水与泥渣三相分层,油品回收率达到８５％,分离出的水达到工业排放要求,机理研究表明,高密度电荷阳离子聚电解质不权可以使粘土颗粒表面Ｚｅｔａ电位中和到０ｍＶ,而且有效地絮凝清除了粒径在２０μｍ以下的微细颗粒。     

Polyelectrolyte Flocculation of Waste Activated Sludge in Decanter Centrifuge Applications: Lab Evaluation by a Centrifugal Compaction Test

Abstract This article introduces a centrifugal compaction (spin tube) test to thoroughly evaluate polyelectrolyte conditioning on lab scale. In contrast to the well-known and widely applied existing tests (e.g., the beaker, the Jar settling, the free drainage, and the [sheared] capillary suction time test), the proposed spin tube test has a clear relation with the dewatering process taking place in a decanter centrifuge. First, based on the theory of centrifugal compaction, the solids stress of separate layers of sludge cake (obtained after spinning sludge in a lab centrifuge) is calculated. Next, the test was applied to assess in the lab the performance of three different polymers by evaluating the obtained sludge dryness. To verify and/or compare the results obtained with the spin tube tests, sheared capillary suction time tests were conducted and floc size distributions were analyzed. Finally, two of the three polymers evaluated in the lab were applied in the industrial sludge dewatering and drying sys...