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1.
Chunyan Wang Jiangshan Wang Yi Liu Lei Zhang Yong Sun Jiuhui Qu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(5):110
2.
Air pollution is one of the primary concerns of our society for its effect on human health and the environment. Among the policy measures that can be put in place to limit air pollutant emissions, end-of-pipe technologies and/or regulatory instruments may be implemented through legislative acts. Also, equally important are behavioural measures, requiring citizens’ active involvement. The success of any measure to limit pollutant emissions requires the acceptance by the citizens that, in turn, implies a correct perception of the main pollutant emission drivers. We present here the comparison between the public perception of air pollution sources and the real-world situation through a survey carried out in seven European countries and involving 16 101 respondents. Our study shows a dramatic underestimation of the contribution of the agri-food sector to air pollution. This result is common to all respondents in the seven countries examined and only to a small extent depends on gender, age and socio-economic status of the respondents. 相似文献
3.
采用气相色谱-质谱法,于2016年9月和12月对南京市2个典型地区大气中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的质量浓度进行分析,并开展了PAHs组成特征、来源解析及人体健康风险评价研究。结果表明,工业区(六合区)和生活区(江宁区)大气(气态和可吸入颗粒态)中16种PAHs的质量浓度分别为914.82和712.27 ng/m~3,苯并[a]芘毒性等效浓度分别为274.1和309.84 ng/m~3,且呈现冬季高、秋季低的特征。比值法源解析结果表明,燃煤污染是六合区PAHs污染主要来源,而江宁区主要表现为交通污染。人体健康风险评价结果表明,六合区和江宁区人群通过大气吸入PAHs的超额致癌风险分别为5.17×10~(-5)和5.85×10~(-5),均略高于可接受水平10~(-6)。 相似文献
4.
总结了海洋风电场建设中水下噪声的主要类型与声学特性,基于国内外水下噪声对海洋生物影响的最新研究成果,分析了海洋风电场噪声对生态环境的可能影响,尤其是近岸海域海洋风电施工期冲击式打桩噪声对海洋生物的影响。在此基础上,参考《海上风电工程环境影响评价技术规范》的相关内容,提出了海洋风电场水下噪声测量与评估方法,以及控制与降低噪声的措施建议。 相似文献
5.
Gholamreza Asadollahfardi Azadeh Panahandeh Ebrahim Inanlo Moghadam Shima Masoumi Mojtaba Tayebi Jebeli 《环境质量管理》2023,32(3):97-110
With the onset of social life, humans have considered waste disposal as essential, and they have been able to repel it through brick and clay channels. Checking sewage pipes for energy consumption and a longer lifetime than other sewage system components is important. Climate change and exploitation of industrial resources have made environmental impacts, which are important factors in decision making. The purpose of this study was to introduce the most suitable type of sewage pipe considering environmental protection. Therefore, we applied the environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) method, using Sima Pro 8.2.3 software for the one-kilometer length of concrete pipes (300 mm in diameter), Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polyethylene (PE) (315 mm in diameter). Also, the BEES method and sensitivity analysis were used to validate the results. The comparison between three types of municipal wastewater pipes indicated that PE pipes are a more environmentally friendly option than PVC, and concrete pipes in pipe recycling, reducing extraction from untapped resources, and inefficient extraction of resources. Electricity, diesel fuel, and sulfate resistance cement consumption for concrete production are the most pollution elements in the LCA of concrete pipes. Usage of PVC granular, sanitary landfill of PVC pipes, and using hydraulic drill in LCA of PVC pipes are the most elements of generating pollution. The usage of PE granules, PE pipes landfilling, hydraulic excavator, and electricity consumption in the LCA of the PE pipes are the greatest polluting parameters. 相似文献
6.
Complex systems often experience a long period of incubation before accidents occur. Therefore, a proactive risk assessment is essential for process safety. The conventional job hazard analysis (JHA) method has been an effective tool to conduct a process risk assessment in the high-risk industrial field. However, the conventional JHA is inadequate for the proactive risk assessment since it is usually conducted during and before one specific operation process. Operations such as startup and maintenance are performed repeatedly on the lifecycle of a plant. Therefore, the risk reduction measures for the industrial process should include not only preventive actions obtained from the conventional JHA but also recovery ones. Resilience engineering (RE) has proven to be helpful for the recovery analysis of a complex system. The objective of this paper is to propose a proactive and comprehensive process risk assessment approach based on JHA and RE. The mechanism of applying RE to address operation process risk is illustrated. The integrated approach can provide guidelines to establish proactive risk reduction measures as well as maintain a low-risk level. Finally, a gas transmission startup process risk assessment case is presented to demonstrate its applicability. 相似文献
7.
典型产业承接区土壤砷含量的空间分布特征及影响因素 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文以揭阳市为研究区域,采集了1330个表层土壤(0—20 cm)样品和331个深层土壤(150—200 cm)样品,利用富集因子法分析了表层土壤中As的污染状况,通过GIS空间分析技术以及单因素分析法探究了土壤As的空间分布特征以及影响因素.结果表明,研究区表层土壤As含量的均值为6.03 mg·kg-1,低于该区土壤背景值(7.16 mg·kg-1)及农用地土壤污染风险管控值(20 mg·kg-1),大部分土壤为轻微污染和中度污染.揭阳市表层土壤As含量高值区分布于揭阳市东北部、中部和西南部地区,低值区分布于西北部和东南部地区.土壤类型、成土母质和土地利用类型是影响表层土壤As含量的重要因素,在不同土壤类型中,黄壤和赤红壤As含量相对较高;不同成土母质中,粉砂岩母质土壤As含量显著高于其他母质;在不同土地利用类型中,农用地土壤As含量最高. 相似文献
8.
Peter Wimmer Michael Düring Henri Chajmowicz Fredrik Granum Julian King Harald Kolk 《Traffic injury prevention》2019,20(4):S139-S145
AbstractObjective: With the overall goal to harmonize prospective effectiveness assessment of active safety systems, the specific objective of this study is to identify and evaluate sources of variation in virtual precrash simulations and to suggest topics for harmonization resulting in increased comparability and thus trustworthiness of virtual simulation-based prospective effectiveness assessment.Methods: A round-robin assessment of the effectiveness of advanced driver assistance systems was performed using an array of state-of-the-art virtual simulation tools on a set of standard test cases. The results were analyzed to examine reasons for deviations in order to identify and assess aspects that need to be harmonized and standardized. Deviations between results calculated by independent engineering teams using their own tools should be minimized if the research question is precisely formulated regarding input data, models, and postprocessing steps.Results: Two groups of sources of variations were identified; one group (mostly related to the implementation of the system under test) can be eliminated by using a more accurately formulated research question, whereas the other group highlights further harmonization needs because it addresses specific differences in simulation tool setups. Time-to-collision calculations, vehicle dynamics, especially braking behavior, and hit-point position specification were found to be the main sources of variation.Conclusions: The study identified variations that can arise from the use of different simulation setups in assessment of the effectiveness of active safety systems. The research presented is a first of its kind and provides significant input to the overall goal of harmonization by identifying specific items for standardization. Future activities aim at further specification of methods for prospective assessments of the effectiveness of active safety, which will enhance comparability and trustworthiness in this kind of studies and thus contribute to increased traffic safety. 相似文献
9.
Guanyu Jiang Can Wang Lu Song Xing Wang Yangyang Zhou Chunnan Fei He Liu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(3):46
10.
Samal Kaumbekova Mehdi Amouei Torkmahalleh Naoya Sakaguchi Masakazu Umezawa Dhawal Shah 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(2):15