移动通信基站电磁辐射环境保护与评价浅析

通过对移动通信基站天线的电磁辐射分析和探讨,归纳了移动通信基站建设在施工期、营运期环境保护工作的重点与措施,对电磁环境影响评价制度与方法进行了系统的描述,并指出了今后的工作方向。     

辽宁省菱镁矿区生态修复研究

针对辽宁省菱镁矿区资源状况与环境问题,提出菱镁矿区土地生态修复技术对策,包括土壤污染等级分类对策、不同立地条件土地复垦适宜性评价与对策、板结土壤复垦技术与对策和排土场贫瘠土壤肥力改良修复对策,进行适宜性复垦植物筛选与复垦效果评价。     

Evaluation of the california environmental quality act

The California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) has evolved from a mini-NEPA, first enacted in 1970, into a procedural act that affects the approval process of all large developments in California. In 1990, California local governments produced over 1600 environmental impact reports and 30,000 initial studies under CEQA. Because of its widespread use, CEQA has periodically drawn the attention of the state legislature, most recently in 1993, when over 60 CEQA reform bills were introduced. This paper describes the CEQA process and evaluates its success at meeting its explicit and implicit goals. The research includes a statewide survey of CEQA practice, sent to the planning departments of all 513 local governments in California in 1991. Survey respondents agreed that CEQA helps in evaluating environmental impacts, reducing impacts, informing the public, and coordinating public agency review. It is effective in reducing the environmental impacts of individual projects, but is not as effective in improving environmental quality on an areawide scale. This research concludes that CEQA has led to positive outcomes and is not as deeply flawed as many of its critics claim. Still, CEQA as currently designed may not be the optimal vehicle for ensuring environmental quality.     

Planning for Biodiversity: the Role of Ecological Impact Assessment

Abstract:  Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is the process of identifying potential environmental effects of proposed development and the required mitigation measures. It is one of the most widely used planning tools today, but its ability to promote biodiversity conservation is largely unexplored. We studied the ecological component of the Israeli EIA system by reviewing a representative sample of 52 environmental impact statements (EISs) produced since 1995 and their corresponding guidelines issued by the Ministry of the Environment. Quality of both EISs and guidelines was determined using a simple scoring approach. Lack of quantitative data, meaningful analyses, and ecosystem perspective was apparent throughout. Many EISs failed to perform field surveys and their qualitative nature hampered meaningful impact prediction. Most EISs concentrated on aesthetic mitigation measures and did not assess their feasibility and likely success. Most of these flaws reflect poor standards rather than true scientific limitations. Guideline quality scores were the most important factor determining the quality of EISs; second was the involvement of an ecological consultant in preparing the EIS. We found a decreasing trend of EIS quality scores over time. Improvements in EIA procedures, particularly in ecological guidelines and the incorporation of ecological consultation, are important for upgrading ecological impact assessment so that the potential of EIA to advance biodiversity conservation can be realized.     

Settlement decisions in blue tits: difference in the use of social information according to age and individual success

Dispersers are expected to assess breeding habitat quality before settlement. Although cues reflecting habitat quality are well studied, social cues have not been as well evaluated. In this paper, we studied breeding habitat selection during 3 years in a natural population of blue tits, Cyanistes caeruleus, breeding in nest-boxes. Our aim was to investigate if this species used conspecific density and/or reproductive success of con- and heterospecifics (i.e., social cues) in settlement decisions. The patterns observed were consistent with the idea that juveniles, when dispersing from their natal patches, did not react to any of the cues that we tested. In contrast, breeders that dispersed seemed to respond to both conspecific mean patch reproductive success (PRS) and breeding density of the settlement patch in the year of dispersal, their response differing according to their own reproductive success. Indeed, failed breeders moved to areas with high PRS and low density relative to source patches, while successful breeders behaved the opposite. The comparison between juveniles and adults might be modulated by the limited time available to juveniles to gather information on PRS and density at the end of the dispersing year. Adults lacking these time constraints, however, seemed to rely on these conspecific cues although limited by their own quality. Additionally, breeders were more likely to be immigrants in patches with relatively low breeding success and density the previous year, suggesting that settlement is influenced by multiple cues, which may reveal information on different aspects of habitat and be available at different moments. Collectively, our results support the importance of social cues for blue tits’ settlement.     

地铁盾构施工风险评估与风险规避研究

深圳地铁二号线2202标段包括科苑站—红树湾站—世界之窗站,大部分采用盾构法施工。盾构隧道处于砂质粘性土地层填海地层,下穿4栋高尔夫别墅,存在基岩隆起、孤石和易出现施工扰动等情况。对2202标盾构施工进行安全评估,指出盾构机选型、盾构机进出洞及盾构施工过程中的风险源,如始发方向失控、盾尾卡死、洞口土体坍塌、地面建筑物出现不均匀沉降等,进而强调在施工过程中要正确辨识风险源,并根据地质、水文和周围环境条件研究采取适当的规避风险措施。     

铁路站车膳食微生物污染调查现状及改进建议

通过专业网站检索站车冷藏膳食和即食膳食微生物污染的调查情况,结果显示各地报道站车膳食的菌落总数、指示菌及相关致病菌指标的合格率各不相同,致病菌指标合格率较高.针对目前存在的站车膳食微生物污染调查对象和内容不均衡、判定标准不统一、专题调查不规范等问题,提出了加强专业研究、完善相关规范、引进检测新技术等改进建议.     

宁波市碳监测试点实践经验下的碳排放形势分析与政策建议

宁波作为全国“碳监测评估试点”的首批试点城市之一,在前期科学布局碳监测网络的基础上,完成了全市8个监测站点的监测网络和硬件设施布设。该研究简要梳理了当前国内外碳排放监测与核算评估的发展趋势,回顾了宁波市碳监测试点项目的布点过程和项目进展。结合实地调研结果得出:以第二产业为主导的生产端能源消耗和居民生活消费产生的消费端能源消耗共同构成宁波碳排放形势的主要影响因素,未来,宁波碳监测试点项目需在数据质量管理、同化反演应用和监测网络拓展等方面继续加大工作力度。     

基于污染源导向的庐江县地表水中金属元素健康风险评估

水体金属污染对人体健康构成严重威胁,建立金属污染源与健康风险间的关联对金属污染的精准治理至关重要.在安徽省庐江县采集177个地表水样品并测定14种金属元素浓度,采用绝对主成分得分-多元线性回归（APCS-MLR）和基于蒙特卡罗模拟（Monte Carlo simulation）的健康风险评估模型识别地表水中金属的污染源并评估其健康风险.结果表明,庐江县地表水中Al、Be、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mg、Mn、Ni、Pb、Sn和Zn的平均浓度北高南低,Sr呈相反的空间分布特征,而As的空间差异不明显.Be、Fe、Mn和Ni的平均浓度超过《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838-2002）中的Ⅲ类水质类别限值.APCS-MLR确定了3个污染源,包括交通源、自然源以及农业与矿业混合源,方差贡献率分别为41.94%、18.06%、11.23%.交通源对所有人群造成致癌与非致癌风险的概率均超过80%,对健康风险的贡献率也高于50%.摄入率（IR）和体重（BW）是控制婴儿和儿童健康风险的最敏感参数,Ni和Be浓度分别是导致其他年龄段居民高致癌和非致癌风险的关键元素.