乌鲁木齐市大气降水的化学特征分析

讨论了乌鲁木齐市2004年1～12月年度降水的酸碱性、离子组分变化规律与特征，阐述了乌鲁木齐市城市降水的基本现状，分析了降水的变化规律，对主要成因进行了初步探讨，指出乌鲁木齐市的硫酸型降水污染应该从总量上控制SO2。并从源头上削减SO2的排放量。  

中国近岸海域环境监测技术路线研究

针对中国"十二五"期间近岸海域环境形势和管理需求,在分析国内外监测技术发展趋势的基础上,提出现阶段近岸海域环境监测技术路线应以优化布点、现场采样、实验室分析、浮标自动监测和卫星遥感为基本手段,重点针对河口、海湾区域富营养化和生态效应问题,依托国家、省/分站、地(市)和县(区)四级监测运行模式,完善近岸海域质量、海岸带环境、陆源输入通量、监控预警和事故应急监测方法,构建基于生态目标的近岸海域环境综合监测和评价体系,并对各类监测点位、监测指标和监测频次进行了优化筛选。  

张家口市洋河、桑干河流域水环境健康风险评价

张家口市洋河、桑干河流域近几年来水质持续改善,为逐步恢复流域水质和下游官厅水库饮用水备用水源功能提供了条件.文章利用水环境健康风险评价模型,选取了2006年该流域水质监测数据,对流域内10个监测断面由饮水途径引起的水环境健康风险进行了评价.结果表明,该流域水体对人体健康危害最大的是化学致癌物Cr(VI),在各个监测断面中Cr(VI)的个人年风险均超过ICRP推荐的标准.同时,化学致癌物对人体健康危害的个人年风险超过非致癌物的个人年风险;因此对该流域水体的含化学致癌物Cr(VI)和As废水进行控制和治理是降低水环境健康风险的有效途径.  

新疆生态环境质量动态变化监测与评价研究

客观、准确地认识和评价新疆的生态环境质量现状，制定相应的生态环境保护对策，对于新疆社会经济与生态环境的可持续发展是十分重要的。本文应用RS和GIS技术，采用综合指数评价法，对全疆区域生态环境质量及其动态变化进行了系统的评价、分级与对比。结果得出新疆生态环境质量总体较差，而且在空间上存在着较大的差异；与2000年相比，2002年新疆生态环境质量呈现总体变化不大的态势。  

Passive air sampling of DDT, chlordane and HCB in the Pearl River Delta, South China: implications to regional sources

The Pearl River Delta (PRD) is one of the largest fast-developing economic zones in China. Hong Kong and the mainland part of the PRD differed in socio-economic development history and chemical management policies. Polyurethane foam (PUF)-passive air sampling (PAS) was deployed at 21 regional air quality monitoring stations across the PRD in summer and winter, respectively. Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), chlordane and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were analyzed with GC-MS. High total DDT (240-3700 pg m(-3)) and chlordane (100-2600 pg m(-3)) concentrations were observed. Concentrations of DDTs and chlordane were higher in summer than winter; HCB vice versa. Spatially, the mainland part of the PRD generally displayed higher DDT concentrations than Hong Kong. Antifouling paint for fishing ships in coastal China was suggested to be an important current DDT source in the coast. The reason is unknown for the very low trans-/cis-chlordane (TC/CC) ratios (0.27) found in the mainland in winter. HCB concentrations were relatively uniform across the PRD, and long range transport of HCB from inland/North China to the PRD in winter was suggested.  

The concentrations, distribution and sources of PAHs in agricultural soils and vegetables from Shunde, Guangdong, China

The concentrations, distribution and sources of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in 30 agricultural soil and 16 vegetable samples collected from subtropical Shunde area, an important manufacturing center in China. The total PAHs ranged from 33.7 to 350 μg/kg in soils, and 82 to 1,258 μg/kg in vegetables. The most abundant individual PAHs are phenanthrene, fluoranthene, chrysene, pyrene and benzo(b)fluoranthene for soil samples, and anthracene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene and chrysene for vegetable samples. Average vegetable–soil ratios of total PAHs were 2.20 for leafy vegetables and 1.27 for fruity vegetables. Total PAHs in vegetable samples are not significantly correlated to those in corresponding soil samples. Principal component analyses were conducted to distinguish samples on basis of their distribution in each town, soil type and vegetable specie. Relatively abundant soil PAHs were found in town Jun’an, Beijiao, Chencun, Lecong and Ronggui, while abundant vegetable PAHs were observed in town Jun’an, Lecong, Xingtan, Daliang and Chenchun. The highest level of total PAHs were found in vegetable soil, followed by pond sediment and “stacked soil” on pond banks. The PAHs contents in leafy vegetables are higher than those in fruity vegetables. Some PAH compound ratios suggest the PAHs derived from incomplete combustion of petroleum, coal and refuse from power generation and ceramic manufacturing, and paint spraying on furniture, as well as sewage irrigation from textile industries. Soil PAHs contents have significant logarithmic correlation with total organic carbon, which demonstrates the importance of soil organic matter as sorbent to prevent losses of PAHs.  

新疆生态功能区划初探

“新疆生态功能区划”参考了“中国综合生态环境区划方案”，以《生态功能区划暂行规程》为依据，充分考虑新疆独特的地理分布格局，将新疆分为5个生态区，18个生态亚区，79个生态功能区。“新疆生态功能区划”对科学有效地管理新疆生态环境，因地制宜地实施保护和治理策略，保证社会经济可持续发展具有重要意义。  

新疆生态环境质量动态变化监测与评价研究

客观、准确地认识和评价新疆的生态环境质量现状，制定相应的生态环境保护对策，对于新疆社会经济与生态环境的可持续发展是十分重要的。本文应用RS和GIS技术，采用综合指数评价法，对全疆区域生态环境质量及其动态变化进行了系统的评价、分级与对比。结果得出新疆生态环境质量总体较差，而且在空间上存在着较大的差异；与2000年相比，2002年新疆生态环境质量呈现总体变化不大的态势。  

流动注射光度法测定水中磷

水样经不同的预处理，在酸性条件下．正磷酸盐和钼酸铵反应形成磷酸钼螯合物，加入氯化亚锡还原为钼．并呈现蓝色，用流动注射仪于700nm波长处分别测定总磷、溶解性正磷酸盐和总溶解性磷。流动注射法简化了测定步骤．提高了分析速度，灵敏度高，重复性好，测定结果与国家标准方法相比，具有较高的相关性，能满足水和废水中磷的分析。  

Occurrence, finger printing and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Chenab River, Pakistan

Seventeen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied in surface waters (including particulate phase) from the Chenab River, Pakistan and ranged from 289-994 and 437-1290 ng l(-1) in summer and winter (2007-09), respectively. Concentrations for different ring-number PAHs followed the trend: 3-rings > 2-rings > 4-rings > 5-rings > 6-rings. The possible sources of PAHs are identified by calculating the indicative ratios; appropriating petrogenic sources of PAHs in urban and sub-urban regions with pyrogenic sources in agricultural region. Factor analysis based on principal component analysis identified the origins of PAHs from industrial activities, coal and trash burning in agricultural areas and municipal waste disposal from surrounding urban and sub-urban areas via open drains into the riverine ecosystem. Water quality guidelines and toxic equivalent factors highlighted the potential risk of low molecular weight PAHs to the aquatic life of the Chenab River. The flux estimated for PAHs contaminants from the Chenab River to the Indus River was >50 tons/year.