液液萃取/气相色谱法测定环境水样中邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物

建立了液液萃取-气相色谱法测定环境水样中邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的方法。该方法能有效分离8种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物。标准曲线线性回归相关系数均大于0．9999，最小检测量可达10^-11g，相对标准偏差为0．47％～1．83％。加标回收率为73．5％～114．6％。  

Application of MODIS satellite data in monitoring water quality parameters of Chaohu Lake in China

This study aims to apply Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS Data) to monitor water quality parameters including chlorophyll-a, secchi disk depth, total phosphorus and total nitrogen at Chaohu Lake. In this paper, multivariate regression analysis, Back Propagation neural networks (BPs), Radial Basis Function neural networks (RBFs) and Genetic Algorithms-Back Propagation (GA-BP) were applied to investigate the relationships between water quality parameters and the MODIS bands combinations. The study results indicated that a simple, efficient and acceptable model could be established through multivariate regression analysis, but the model precision was relatively low. In comparison, BPs, RBFs and GA-BP were significantly advantageous in terms of sufficient utilization of spectra information and model reliance. The relative errors of BPs, RBFs and GA-BP were below 35%. Based on method comparison, it can be concluded that GA-BP is more suitable for simulation and prediction of water quality parameters by applying genetic algorithm to optimize the weight value of BP network. This study demonstrates that MODIS data can be applied for monitoring some of the water quality parameters of large inland lakes.  

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收法测定蔬菜中痕量铅和镉

采用微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收法测定蔬菜中痕量铅和镉,优化了微波消解程序和石墨炉工作条件,讨论了基体改进剂和微波消解用酸的选择.该方法测定蔬菜中铅和镉的检出限为0.002 mg/kg和0.001 mg/kg,RSD为0.1%～4.3%,加标回收率为98.0%～104%.  

Residues and ecological risks of organochlorine pesticides in Lake Small Baiyangdian, North China

The levels of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) in the water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sediments from Lake Small Baiyangdian were measured by gas chromatograph with a ⁶³Ni microelectron capture detector. The residual levels of the total HCHs in the water, SPM, and sediments were 1.59?±?2.24 ng L^?1, 25.42?±?1.72 ng g^?1 dw (dry weight), and 0.86?±?1.44 ng g^?1 dw, respectively. DDTs were not detected in the water samples. The concentrations of total DDTs were 158.79?±?1.67 ng g^?1 dw in SPM and 0.46?±?1.97 ng g^?1 dw in the sediments. Compared to other areas in China and abroad, the levels of residual HCH and DDT were relatively low in the water and sediments, but they were moderate to high in the SPM. Organic carbon partition coefficient values for HCH in this study were higher than previously published values and may reflect new input in this area. The residual HCHs in this area could be derived from a mixture of technical HCH and lindane because ongoing lindane use may be occurring. DDT in the majority of the study area was primarily attributed to historical discharge, but some regions may be receiving new input. The ecological risks of γ-HCH in the water were very low according to species sensitivity distribution models. The concentrations of HCH and DDT in the sediments from the study area did not exceed the sediment quality guidelines, which indicate little risk for benthic organisms.  

高压液相色谱法测定地表水和饮用水中的阿特拉津

通过条件实验,建立了水体中阿特拉津的高效液相色谱检测法,以ODS C18柱为色谱柱,甲醇：水=60∶40为流动相,检测波长225 nm,柱温40℃,用二氯甲烷萃取,外标法定量,线性范围为0.02-10.0mg/L,相关系数达0.999 9,采样体积为500 ml时,方法检出限为0.012μg/L,精密度在2.5%～11.4%之间,加标回收率达84.1%～118%。  

垃圾焚烧飞灰中二噁英类的研究概况

随着垃圾焚烧技术的推广应用,焚烧产生的污染越来越受关注,本文介绍了二噁英的检测方法、垃圾焚烧飞灰中二噁英的分布、影响因素及飞灰的处置和综合利用技术研究概况。  

基于Landsat-8数据和劈窗算法的地表温度反演及城市热岛效应研究

陆地表面温度(Land Surface Temperature,LST)是地表能量平衡组分中的一个重要参数。随着卫星遥感技术的快速发展,遥感反演成为获取区域LST的一个重要手段。目前已有学者提出多种基于遥感数据反演LST的算法,其中劈窗算法被证明是一种精度较高的算法。基于Landsat-8卫星30 m空间分辨率的陆地成像仪(OLI)数据和100 m分辨率的热红外传感器(TIRS)数据,采用劈窗算法计算了无锡地区的LST,并采用地面实测水温数据和同步的MODIS温度产品对Landsat-8的计算结果进行了验证和对比分析。结果表明:基于Landsat-8数据和劈窗算法获取的LST精度较高,误差1K。在计算的LST结果基础上,进一步提取了热场变异指数来分析城市热岛空间分布特征,给出了城市热岛效应的定量化描述,并就不同地表覆盖类型对热岛效应的影响进行了分析。  

环境卫星CCD影像在太湖沉水植物监测中的应用

利用环境一号卫星 CCD影像，综合现场巡视情况，对2014年1—5月太湖梅梁湖水域的沉水植被区域进行分析与研究，分别取沉水植物、水华、地表植被与水体4个样本区域，对它们的光谱反射率曲线进行分析，得到沉水植物光谱反射率曲线相比其他样本区域独特的结论。并根据此特征，结合基于提取样本运行决策树的方法，以2014年5月1日为例，提取出了太湖梅梁湖水域沉水植物的分布区域与面积。  

非离子氨对NO-2-N作用于草鱼种毒性的影响

在(25±1)℃水温条件下,通过急性毒性实验,探讨非离子氨对NO-2-N作用于草鱼种毒性的影响.结果表明,在不加非离子氨时,N0-2N对草鱼种48 hrLC50和96 hrLC50值分别为6.76、5.99mg/L,而当非离子氨达0.8 mg/L,其值分别为3.54、2.41 mg/L.这说明非离子氨增强了NO-2-N对草鱼种的致死效应.  

利用计算机技术编制多媒体环境质量报告书

利用计算机技术编制多媒体声像环境质量报告书，具有三维图像、全程多媒体自动播放坐标图动态显示、生动活泼、声图并貌的特点。