恶唑酰草胺及其代谢物残留的加速溶剂萃取-凝胶渗透色谱净化-液相色谱测定

建立了环境样品中恶唑酰草胺及其代谢物的快速分析方法.以二氯甲烷作为提取溶剂,对试样采用加速溶剂萃取,自动凝胶渗透色谱仪净化预处理,液相色谱分离,PDA检测器测定,外标法定量.恶唑酰草胺及其代谢物的最低检测浓度,土壤和水稻植株为0.001-0.005 mg.kg-1,田水为0.001-0.002mg·l-1.其在田水、土壤、水稻植株中的平均回收率在80.0%-97.4%之间;相对标准偏差(变异系数)为2.0%-10.7%,线性相关系数均大于0.997.该方法的最低检测限和加标回收率均符合农药残留分析要求.     

城市热岛效应下浅层土中混凝土的酸腐蚀试验研究

针对城市热岛效应引起城区浅层土地温场升高这一观测结果,采用室内快速模拟试验方法,对城区酸性土壤腐蚀混凝土材料的温度效应开展了试验研究.试验研究了在温度为5℃、20℃和40℃条件下,混凝土试样在酸浓度分别为0%、5%和10%的沙土介质中放置30 d、90 d后的抗压强度变化规律,并对混凝土试样在腐蚀过程中的腐蚀系数变化规...     

Effects of mineral surfaces on pyrene partitioning to well-characterized humic substances

Mineral surfaces can alter the ability of humic substances (HS) to bind hydrophobic organic contaminants. In this study, complete adsorption (i.e., to avoid HS adsorptive fractionation effects) of a small subset of well-characterized terrestrial and aquatic HS on kaolinite and hematite significantly changed their subsequent organic carbon-normalized partition coefficients K(ads)(oc) for pyrene relative to their original respective dissolved organic carbon-normalized partition coefficients K(dis)(oc). Parallel experiments with ultrafiltration (UF) fractions obtained from purified Aldrich humic acid (PAHA) (Aldrich Chemical, Milwaukee, WI) gave similar results. The heterogeneity among the PAHA UF fractions was examined via their mineral surface adsorption characteristics and their subsequent ability to bind pyrene. As expected, variations in maximum adsorption densities (q(max)), Langmuir adsorption constants (K(q)), and pyrene K(ads)(oc) values were observed among the PAHA UF fractions. However, general trends of q(max), K(q), and pyrene log K(ads)(oc) values for the PAHA UF fractions versus the logarithm of their weight-average molecular weights (MW(w)) did not typically match the corresponding trends obtained with the four aquatic and terrestrial HS. In general, an ideal mixture competitive adsorption model gave reasonable predictions for PAHA sorption to kaolinite and hematite based on their corresponding UF isotherm parameters. Ideal mixture predictions of pyrene partitioning to adsorbed PAHA from the corresponding UF fraction results were better for kaolinite versus hematite, indicating that the underlying mineral surface can alter the effects of HS heterogeneity on hydrophobic organic contaminant sorption.     

Separation of fine binary mixtures under vibration in a gas-solid fluidized bed with dense medium.

The coke-slag mixture discharged from water-air generators not only causes a serious environmental problem, but also is a potential resource. In order to obtain a high economic return, separation of fine binary mixtures in a vibrating fluidized bed with dense media was experimentally investigated. The effects of volume ratio (mono-component volume to dense medium volume or binary mixture volume to dense medium volume), the fluidization velocity and vibration parameters on separation efficiency are discussed. The experimental results show that vibration can prevent the coalescence and growth of bubbles and improve fluidization properties of particles and the stability of bed density. The major factors associated with separating efficiency are discussed. Based on the experiments, the ratio of the volume of particles to bed volume and the vibration conditions are also reported. It was found that the separation efficiency for a fine coke-slag mixture was greater than 70% and close to 80% under optimal conditions.     

基于视频轨迹参数的边缘率减速标线驾驶行为效果评价方法

为探究边缘率减速标线对驾驶行为与交通安全的作用效果,提出了基于监控视频提取轨迹参数的实证评价方法.采用背景差法和透视变换方法对监控视频进行车辆目标提取和轨迹处理,进而提取车辆速度、加速度、车头时距、车头间距和车道偏移等行车参数;通过参数统计分析,边缘率减速标线对车速控制、跟车距离保持和车道保持都有不同程度的控制效果,但使纵向舒适性变差;为了综合评价其效果,基于层次分析法建立了边缘率标线的综合控制效果评价模型,从有效性、安全性和舒适性3个维度对减速标线进行综合评价.该方法和模型还可用于评价其他不同设计参数的减速标线.     

一端封闭隧道施工中火灾烟气流动的数值模拟分析

火灾条件下影响安全疏散的因素包括隧道中烟气流动性及其温度随时空的分布.针对一端封闭的隧道火灾情形,采用临界温度与临界视距判据,对一端封闭的长300 m掘进中的隧道进行了数值模拟,获得了温度与烟气浓度分布随时空的变化规律,发现其温升速率沿隧道纵向按指数规律衰减,而且临界温度与临界视距交错出现.     

茶叶及其主要成分防暑效果的研究

实验表明，饮用全茶水者的平均心率增加值明显低于饮用咖啡碱者和白开水者，其平均体温升高值小于饮用茶多酚者和白开水者，其失水量均低于饮用茶多酚者、咖啡碱者和白开水者；而饮用全茶水、茶多酚、咖啡碱或白开水，对手操纵功能无明显影响。     

冶金炉重大危险源辨识及其爆炸事故后果模拟

冶金炉的铁水、钢水温度高,国内外多次发生冶金炉爆炸事故,但现阶段根据《重大危险源辨识》(GB18218-2000)和《关于开展重大危险源监督管理工作的指导意见》(安监管协调字[2004]56号文)还无法判定其是否为重大危险源.运用爆炸学、热学等方法,提出了判定冶金炉是否为重大危险源的理论与方法,并给出了判定高炉是否为重大危险源的临界有效容积,判定转炉、混铁炉是否为重大危险源的临界公称吨位,最后通过VB编程对冶金炉进行了爆炸事故后果模拟,为冶金企业提供一定的参考价值.     

屋顶电除尘器的研制与应用

介绍了研制屋顶电除尘器要解决的几个问题。确定原始设计参数的方法,及其结构特点、技术指标。同时对运行状况作了简要分析。