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排序方式: 共有78条查询结果,搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
比较了9种壳寡/聚糖系列衍生物作为吸附剂对同一浓度铅离子的吸附,结果为交联香草醛壳聚糖(CTSV-G)〉香草醛壳聚糖(CTSV)〉羧甲基壳聚糖(CM-CTS)〉巯基化壳寡糖(O-CTS-SH)〉壳寡糖(O-CTS)〉香草醛壳寡糖(O-CTSV)〉壳聚糖(CTS)〉壳寡糖硫酸酯(O-CTSS)〉羧甲基壳寡糖(CM-O-CTS);比较了同一吸附剂对不同浓度的铅离子的吸附率,其吸附率随着溶液浓度的升高而降低。研究了各吸附剂在铅、镉、铬金属离子竞争中对铅吸附的影响,结果表明各吸附剂对镉和铅离子的吸附效果最好,可达80%,对铬离子吸附较少,在40%左右。 相似文献
2.
Octanol‐water partition coefficients (Kow) and soil organic carbon sorption coefficients (Koc) were determined for 14 fluorinated benzene derivatives. Quantitative structure‐property relationships were developed using molecular connectivity indices and quantum chemical parameters to analyze the most significant factors influencing these physico‐chemical properties of the compounds. The substitution by F in benzene derivatives has greater influence on Koc than on Kow. 相似文献
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M. van der Zee J. H. Stoutjesdijk P. A. A. W. van der Heijden D. de Wit 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1995,3(4):235-242
The biodegradability of oxidized starch and inulin has been studied in relation to the degree of periodate oxidation to dialdehyde derivatives, by measuring oxygen consumption and mineralization to carbon dioxide. A higher degree of oxidation of dialdehyde starch and dialdchyde inulin results in a lower rate at which the polymers are biodegraded. It is demonstrated that the biodegradation rate of dialdehyde inulin derivatives decreases more than that of equivalent starch derivatives. The differences in biodegradation behavior between dialdehyde starch and dialdehyde inulin, resulting from comparable modifications, are discussed in terms of conformational structure. 相似文献
5.
Adsorption of phenol and its derivatives from water using synthetic resins and low-cost natural adsorbents: a review 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this article, the technical feasibility of the use of activated carbon, synthetic resins, and various low-cost natural adsorbents for the removal of phenol and its derivatives from contaminated water has been reviewed. Instead of using commercial activated carbon and synthetic resins, researchers have worked on inexpensive materials such as coal fly ash, sludge, biomass, zeolites, and other adsorbents, which have high adsorption capacity and are locally available. The comparison of their removal performance with that of activated carbon and synthetic resins is presented in this study. From our survey of about 100 papers, low-cost adsorbents have demonstrated outstanding removal capabilities for phenol and its derivatives compared to activated carbons. Adsorbents that stand out for high adsorption capacities are coal-reject, residual coal treated with H3PO4, dried activated sludge, red mud, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-modified montmorillonite. Of these synthetic resins, HiSiv 1000 and IRA-420 display high adsorption capacity of phenol and XAD-4 has good adsorption capability for 2-nitrophenol. These polymeric adsorbents are suitable for industrial effluents containing phenol and its derivatives as mentioned previously. It should be noted that the adsorption capacities of the adsorbents presented here vary significantly depending on the characteristics of the individual adsorbent, the extent of chemical modifications, and the concentrations of solutes. 相似文献
6.
Zhizhuo Liu Zhemin Shen Shouyan Xiang Yang sun Jiahua Cui Jinping Jia 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(3):31
7.
均匀设计用于研究硝基苯衍生物对青海弧菌Q67的联合毒性 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
实验设计在混合物毒性评估与预测中起着非常重要的作用.应用微板毒性测试方法测定了7种硝基苯衍生物对青海弧菌Q67的发光抑制毒性,硝基苯、邻氯硝基苯、间氯硝基苯、对氯硝基苯、间硝基苯胺、对硝基苯胺和对硝基甲苯的-lg EC50值(EC50的单位为mol/L)分别为2.66,3.22,3.30,3.29,2.94,4.22和3.39;引入均匀实验设计方法,在单个硝基苯衍生物剂量-效应关系基础上构建不同效应浓度下的10个混合物,同样应用微板毒性测试方法测定其对Q67的毒性,应用剂量加和(DA)与独立作用(IA)原理建立了混合物毒性的评估与预测模型.结果表明:与等效应浓度比法相比,均匀实验设计构建的混合物浓度配比,具有三维浓度分布特征,可在更大范围内考察各种可能的昆合物类型,更加接近于实际环境体系. 相似文献
8.
苯酚及其衍生物对氨氮生物硝化的抑制研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用富集培养的硝化污泥研究了苯酚及其衍生物2,4-二氯苯酚、对氨基酚、邻甲基酚和对硝基酚对氨氮生物硝化过程的抑制特性。结果表明,上述5种酚类化合物对硝化细菌的抑制类型均为非竞争性抑制,抑制常数KI和EC50值相等,分别为2.61、1.92、8.50、1.18和6.65 mg/L。上述5种酚类化合物对硝化细菌的抑制程度由大到小的顺序为:邻甲基酚〉2,4-二氯苯酚〉苯酚〉对硝基酚〉对氨基酚。酚类化合物对硝化细菌的抑制是可逆的,通过简单的抑制剂稀释或洗涤可以使硝化细菌恢复活性。在保证出水水质的前提下,抑制剂存在时硝化工艺的泥龄被迫延长,且抑制程度越大,泥龄延长的程度越大。当系统受到有毒物质冲击时,和调控泥龄相比,调节工艺的进水流量或改变容积负荷是缓冲冲击的更简捷、快速和有效的途径。 相似文献
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Abstract Field microplots were treated with 141 and 282 ppm fensulfothion and 37.1 and 74.2 ppm fensulfothion sulfone. These concentrations are equivalent to field treatment rates of 8.48 and 16.96 kg Al/ha, fensulfothion, and 2.23 and 4.47 kg Al/ha, fensulfothion sulfone, respectively, for banded application (10 cm wide, rows 80 cm apart). The half‐lives in a sandy loam soil were 30–39 and 14–23 days, respectively. Fensulfothion sulfone and sulfide were the main derivatives found in fensulfothion treated soil. The maximum levels of these derivatives were 21.22 and 22.95 ppm, respectively for the 8.48 kg/ha treatment and 33.90 and 42.45 ppm, respectively, for the higher treatment, which occurred between 30–60 days. Carrots appeared to take up more fensulfothion from soil than rutabagas or radishes. The residue levels at harvest decreased in the order carrot peel > pulp > rutabagas root > peel > pulp. Residue levels of fensulfothion and sulfone in radishes were similar to those found in rutabagas. The ratio sulfoxide/sulfone in rutabagas ranged from 0.4–1.5 and in carrots from 1.7–7.6. This phenomenon is thought to be due to oxidative enzyme systems present in rutabagas. Dimethyl phosphorothioic acid, but not dimethyl phosphoric acid was detected (max. 1.33 ppm) in some rutabagas samples but not in carrots. 相似文献