室内空气有机污染的研究现状

主要讨论了室内空气中有机物污染的研究现状。重点介绍了室内空气中多环芳烃 (PAHs)、挥发性有机物(VOCs)、醛类化合物等的污染状况及来源。简要叙述了室内空气污染的影响因素及对人体的健康风险评价。     

餐饮业油烟气中醛类化合物的荧光法测定

提出了餐饮业油烟气中醛类化合物的荧光测定方法。通过试验选择丙醇作为油烟气中醛类化合物的吸收剂。研究了Ｈａｎｔｚｓｃｈ反应在测定油烟气中醛类化合物时的反应条件。样品与荧光试剂等体积混合,在ｐＨ６．０的体系中,５７℃下反应１５ｍｉｎ。     

HPLC法测定水和废水中的醛酮类化合物

将水样用1mol／L柠檬酸缓冲液调节至酸性(pH=3)，其中醛酮类化合物与2，4-二硝基苯肼(DNPH)发生衍生化反应，生成稳定的化合物——腙，经C18固相萃取小柱富集、乙腈淋洗后，用带有二极管阵列检测器的高效液相色谱仪(HPLC)经32 min完成15种醛酮类化合物定性、定量分析。当测定样品为100mL时，检测限均为μg／L级，其中丙酮最高为16μg／L，丁醛最低为1.1μg／L，一般在2μg／L～6μg／L之间。     

HPLC和GC-MS法测定环境空气中醛酮类化合物比对分析

对2，4-二硝基苯肼吸附衍生-高效液相色谱（DNPH-HPLC）法和罐采样/气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）法的测定条件进行优化，将两种方法测定环境空气中13种醛酮类化合物（OVOCs）的结果做比对分析。结果表明，HPLC法和GC-MS法均可实现一次进样13种OVOCs全分析，方法检出限分别为0.26μg/m3～1.39μg/m3和0.49μg/m3～1.10μg/m3，加标回收率分别为95.9%～111%和52.0%～138%。两种方法测定实际样品，检出组分的测定结果无显著性差异；HPLC法适合测定环境空气中低碳类（C1～C3）低浓度OVOCs，GC-MS法适合测定多碳类（C4～C8）低浓度OVOCs。     

郑州市大气环境中醛酮类化合物污染状况初探

在郑州市交通密集区、工业区、居民文化区等不同功能区设置监测点位,分春季、夏季、冬季不同季节对郑州市大气环境中15种醛酮类的污染状况进行初步研究。结果表明,郑州市大气环境中醛酮类主要污染物为甲醛、乙醛和丙酮;醛酮类污染物含量在不同季节的变化趋势是夏季春季冬季;功能区的变化趋势是交通密集区居民区;污染物主要来源于大气中有机物的光化学反应,甲醛与乙醛、甲醛与丙酮有较好的相关性。     

Distribution of volatile organic compounds in Madrid (Spain)

From November 1995 to October 1996, airborne concentrations of VOCs were measured in the Madrid area to study the organic pollution in general, and the correlation between different pollutants in relation to such parameters as location and season. Mean concentrations for up to 90 compounds were measured at four test sites, including both urban and suburban areas. At the urban sites, maximum concentrations occurred in the autumn and winter, whereas minimum concentrations were reached in summer and spring. Similar changes were obtained for the lesscontaminated site located in the SE of the city, whereas a different pattern was found at the site in the NW of the city due to meteorological aspects. Mean levels of hydrocarbons in Madrid were quite similar to those found in other European cities. Chemometrical techniques were applied to the set of data in order to assess the influence of such factors as traffic, temperature and seasonal variations on the VOC levels.     

Prenuptial perfume: Alloanointing in the social rituals of the crested auklet (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Aethia cristatella</Emphasis>) and the transfer of arthropod deterrents

Alloanointing, the transfer of chemicals between conspecifics, is known among mammals, but hitherto, the behavior has not been documented for birds. The crested auklet (Aethia cristatella), a colonial seabird of Alaskan and Siberian waters, alloanoints during courtship with fragrant aldehydes that are released from specialized wick-like feathers located in the interscapular region. Crested auklets solicit anointment at the colony, and prospective mates rub bill, breast, head, and neck over wick feathers of their partners. This distributes aldehydes over the head, neck, and face where the birds cannot self-preen. The resulting chemical concentrations are sufficient to deter ectoparasites. Auklets that emit more odorant can transfer more defensive chemicals to mates and are thus more sexually attractive. Behavioral studies showed that crested auklets are attracted to their scent. Wild birds searched for dispensers that emitted their scent and rubbed their bills on the dispensers and engaged in vigorous anointment behaviors. In captive experiments, naïve crested auklets responded more strongly to synthetic auklet scent than controls, and the greatest behavioral response occurred during early courtship. This study extends scientific knowledge regarding functions of alloanointing. Alloanointing had previously been attributed to scent marking and individual recognition in vertebrates. Alloanointing is described here in the context of an adaptive social cue — the transfer of arthropod deterrents between prospective mates.     

城市大气环境中醛酮类化合物污染状况及变化规律

2003年对郑州市城市环境空气中醛酮类化合物的污染状况及变化规律进行了初步调查研究.结果表明:大气环境中醛酮类污染物的质量浓度范围为未检出～167 μg/m3,主要污染物为甲醛、乙醛和丙酮;醛酮类污染物含量在不同季节的变化趋势是:夏季>春季>冬季;醛酮类污染物主要来源于大气中有机物的光化学反应,甲醛与乙醛、甲醛与丙酮有...