饮食业油烟道火灾的模糊事件树分析

对饮食业油烟道火灾事故进行事件树分析时,历史数据的缺乏常常导致无法进行事件序列的定量计算.针对这一问题,利用专家对事故的模糊评判,引入模糊事件树进行定量计算研究.在模糊集理论的基础上,结合德尔菲法和判断矩阵法, 将模糊性语言转换为三角模糊数或梯形模糊数,应用模糊数截集以及模糊数清晰化方法,对后果事件发生概率进行计算.研究表明,饮食业油烟道火灾事故概率的模糊事件树分析是切实可行的,有助对饮食业油烟道火灾的认识、预防和扑救工作.     

Characteristics of large cooking oil pool fires and their extinguishment by water mist

Large cooking oil pool fires, occurring in industrial oil cookers, present a severe hazard to food processing plants due to their size and the large amount of hot oil involved. This paper reports a series of full-scale fire experiments conducted in a large industrial oil cooker mock-up. The characteristics of large cooking oil pool fires and the effect of oil depth and hood position in the oil cooker on fire growth were studied. The use of water mist for extinguishing large oil pool fires and their extinguishing performance under different discharge pressure and with different types of water mist systems were investigated. Experimental results showed that the cooking oil underwent a substantial expansion in volume during heating. The fires developed quickly once the oil auto-ignited. The fire growth rate was affected by the oil depth in the pan and the hood position in the oil cooker. The water mist fire suppression systems effectively extinguished large cooking oil fires and prevented them from re-igniting. Their extinguishing performance was determined by the type of water mist system, discharge pressure and hood position in the oil cooker.     

精制棉生产中污染物的综合治理

采用清洁生产、清污分流、水气综合治理等方法处理精制棉生产过程中的蒸煮黑液、洗涤废水和锅炉烟气。项目实施后取得了良好的效果，锅炉烟气达标排放，废水经处理后各项指标均达到《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-1996）二级标准。     

回用蒸煮黑液、实现达标排放

精制棉生产时产生的蒸煮黑液中含有大量的棉超短绒、果胶、油脂、棉蜡、木糖等,色度大于2000倍,CODCr质量浓度高达6000mg/L以上,生化性差,难处理。若将蒸煮黑液预处理,高浓度回收利用,低浓度与洗涤废水混合经厌氧、好氧、混凝处理后,不但出水水质达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》一级标准,而且大大降低了投资和运行费用。     

广元市饮食业油烟污染现状及防治对策

本文介绍了饮食业油烟污染的危害和油烟净化设备的现状，分析了广元市饮食业油烟污染现状，并提出了饮食业油烟的防治对策。     

非热放电荷电净化餐饮油烟装置研究

利用非热放电荷电并捕集油烟颗粒的原理净化餐饮油烟 ,实现油烟净化单元高效化和小型化。本文设计制作了非热放电油烟捕集装置、实验研究了油烟捕集效率、并考察了捕集装置的运行可靠性 ,最终确认非热放电油烟净化装置小型化的可行性     

Planning waste cooking oil collection systems

This research has been motivated by a real-life problem of a waste cooking oil collection system characterized by the existence of multiple depots with an outsourced vehicle fleet, where the collection routes have to be plan. The routing problem addressed allows open routes between depots, i.e., all routes start at one depot but can end at the same or at a different one, depending on what minimizes the objective function considered. Such problem is referred as a Multi-Depot Vehicle Routing Problem with Mixed Closed and Open Inter-Depot Routes and is, in this paper, modeled through a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation where capacity and duration constraints are taken into account. The model developed is applied to the real case study providing, as final results, the vehicle routes planning where a decrease of 13% on mileage and 11% on fleet hiring cost are achieved, when comparing with the current company solution.     

Reduction in ecological cost through biofuel production from cooking oils: An ecological solution for the city of Campinas, Brazil

The aim of the present study was to produce biodiesel from mixtures of cooking oil and provide a possible environmental solution for the region of Campinas (state of São Paulo, Brazil) based on the theory of environmental cost accounting (ECA). Cooking oil collected from homes in Campinas was mixed with ethanol at a ratio of 7:1 and transesterified at 60 °C for one hour for the obtainment of biodiesel using NaOH as a catalyst. The results of the physicochemical analyses demonstrated that the biodiesel possessed characteristics close to those required by Brazilian standards. A recent survey carried out in the city of Campinas revealed that residents are not concerned with the increased of environmental impact and ecological costs in the region caused by the disposal of used cooking oil, which is discarded in sewers and soil. Urgent action is recommended, beginning with raising awareness among the population and the implementation of a policy to determine the storage, periodic collection and use of cooking oil for the production of biodiesel. This fuel could be used for buses, trucks and machines or sold to fuel distributors, offering a savings of US$ 0.8 to 4.5 millions. Campinas could then gain environmental credits and become a sustainable city. Moreover, used cooking oil constitutes low-cost biodiesel with no consumption of raw materials and will reduce worldwide criticism directed at Brazil regarding the use of oleaginous plants for biodiesel production.     

沈阳市饮食业油烟排放现状及油烟测试、分析过程中应注意的问题

结合实际监测数据介绍了沈阳市油烟排放状况,对污染情况进行了分析,对油烟监测、分析方法中的相关问题进行了探讨,提出了油烟污染控制对策及建议。     

饮食业油烟净化设备技术性能的探讨

按照HJ/T62-2001的要求，通过没来回净化设备实验室检测系统，比较了国内4种饮食业油烟净化设备的去除效率，本体阻力等技术性能指标，并结合用户调查，对目前国内饮食业油烟治理技术的特点及局限性作了初步的探讨，结果表明，复合式净化设备油烟的去除效率较高，静电式净化设备的本体阻力较小，而湿式净化设备的维护较为简便。