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Roukaya Bouyakhsass Soukaina Bouaouda Abdeslam Taleb Abdelaziz Madinzi Michel Baudu Salah Souabi 《环境质量管理》2023,32(4):237-246
The estimation of leachate quantities produced in landfills is necessary to dimension the treatment plants allowing to reduce the polluting load of these effluents and consequently avoid their negative impacts on the environment. Different leachate quantification methods were used in this study to assess the leachate volume produced at the Oum Azza landfill. The water balance method give comparable estimations of leachate production to the Ouled Berjal landfill ratio. The first method showed average values between 487 and 495 m3/day for 2015, 2018, and 2019, and at the same time, the second method gave values between 470 and 477 m3/day for the same years. In contrast, the World Bank ratio showed high values that vary between 2260 and 2295 m3/day for 2015, 2018, and 2019. The on-site data and the statistical analysis showed us that the World Bank ratio is not adapted for the estimation of the leachates produced in Oum Azza landfill, while the water balance and the ratio of Ouled Berjal landfill allowed to give comparable results to reality. 相似文献
3.
利用卡尔费休法可直接测定PM2.5水分含量,方法精密度及准确度均较好.将该方法应用于北京市城区站点2020年全年的PM2.5分析,结果显示PM2.5水分浓度年均值为(5.0±4.1)µg/m3,在PM2.5占比为(12.5±4.8)%,与PM2.5质量浓度呈显著相关.水分质量浓度与PM2.5的质量浓度月度及季节变化趋势基本一致.研究发现,随着空气污染加重,水分质量浓度及其在PM2.5占比均呈上升趋势,二者相关性明显增强.可见污染发生时,水分增加有利于颗粒物吸湿增长从而推高污染水平,对PM2.5的贡献同步增强.当沙尘污染发生时湿度处于同期较低水平,不利于细颗粒物的吸湿增长,水分质量浓度及其占比均处于较低水平. PM2.5水分与二次离子及有机物均有很好的相关性,说明水分为气态污染物提供非均相转化载体,促进硝酸盐、硫酸盐、有机物的进一步生成.PM2.5水分与地壳物质无相关性,证实地壳元素为一次源,不受水分影响. 相似文献
4.
Tienan Ju Mei Lei Guanghui Guo Jinglun Xi Yang Zhang Yuan Xu Qijia Lou 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(1):8
5.
我国现行环境空气中甲醛的标准测定方法普遍难以满足当前大气监测中对痕量浓度水平甲醛的监测需要。在乙酰丙酮分光光度法的基础上改进得到的乙酰丙酮荧光法具有更低的检出限和更高的灵敏度,适用于大气中痕量浓度水平甲醛的监测。基于乙酰丙酮荧光法设计了甲醛在线监测系统,并对其主要性能指标进行了评估测试。测试结果显示,该系统的吸收效率为98.9%~100.1%,检出限为0.045 4×10-9,精密度为0.44%,线性误差为-0.55%,线性范围为0.0~80.0×10-9,响应时间为282 s,单日零点漂移为-0.04×10-9~1.33×10-9,单日跨度漂移为-0.90×10-9~3.45×10-9。测试结果表明,其各项性能指标均能满足当前对大气环境中痕量浓度水平甲醛的监测需求。 相似文献
6.
针对水体中低浓度微囊藻毒素(MC-RR和MC-LR)的富集、淋洗、洗脱等前处理环节,采用单因素响应面优化法探讨微囊藻毒素前处理的最佳条件。结果表明:采用体积分数为25%的甲醇水溶液能够取得最佳淋洗效果,由One Factor设计优化得到体积分数为75%的甲醇水溶液作洗脱剂,MC-RR和MC-LR最佳回收率为89.4%和90.7%。方法在0.100 mg/L~5.00 mg/L范围内线性良好,MC-RR和MC-LR的检出限分别为0.07μg/L和0.04μg/L,实际水样加标回收率分别为80.6%和84.9%,平行测定结果的RSD分别为1.6%和2.4%。 相似文献
7.
The subsea wellhead connector is a critical connection component between subsea Christmas tree and subsea wellhead for preventing the leakage of oil and gas in the subsea production system. Excited by cyclical loadings due to environmental forces and the other support forces, the subsea wellhead connector is prone to the failure, which could lead to the loss of subsea tree or wellhead integrity and even catastrophic accidents. With the Monte Carlo simulation method, this paper presents a reliability analysis approach based on dynamic Bayesian Networks, aiming to assess the failure probability of the subsea wellhead connector during service life. Take the driving ring component of the subsea wellhead connector as an example to demonstrate the reasonability of the proposed model. The generation data is processed by the transform between the numerical value and the state variable. Based on the stress-strength interference theory, the structure reliability of the driving ring with 96.26% is achieved by the proposed model with the consideration the aging of the material strength and the most influential factors are figured out. Meanwhile, the corresponding control measures are proposed effectively reduce the failure risk of the subsea wellhead connector during service life. 相似文献
8.
To solve the problems of the difficulty in early leakage monitoring and larger positioning error for urban hazardous chemicals pipelines, the optimized method based on the improved Inverse Transient Analysis (ITA) and Ant Lion Optimizer (ALO) was proposed. Firstly, based on the obtained experiment's results of leakage of natural gas in the non-metallic pipeline, the segment classification method was incorporated into the pressure gradient calculation. The modified method can adapt to the multi-node characteristics of urban pipe networks and help to obtain the preliminary positioning calculation results after optimization. Then the calculation results were embedded in the ITA calculation model. The input parameters of the gas pipeline such as boundary conditions, leakage rate and friction coefficient were used to establish the characteristic linear equations. Then the objective function of the least-squares criterion was defined, and the improved ITA model suitable for leakage detection of urban natural gas pipeline networks was constructed. Finally, the ALO was used to optimize the calculation process of the improved ITA model, and iteratively optimize the optimal friction coefficient and its corresponding minimum objective function (OF) value. As a result, a more precise location of the leakage source was calculated. The validation of the modified method is conducted by comparing the calculated values with the experiment's results. The results show that the method can accurately predict the location where the pipeline leakage occurs. The minimum error is 3.17%. Compared with the traditional ITA, this method not only accelerates the convergence speed of the objective function, but also improves the accuracy of location calculation. 相似文献
9.
基于活性炭吸附剂存在再生成本高、高温吸附能力差以及在高湿高温下脱附后性能严重下降等问题,研究采用MCM-41材料作为新型烟气脱硫吸附材料,该材料具有表观均匀、比表面积大、耐高温、脱附后能高效利用等优点,该研究设计了一种基于MCM-41材料的烟气脱硫吸附装置。介绍了该烟气脱硫吸附装置的结构、工作原理,并对MCM-41材料和活性炭在烟气中二氧化硫吸附效果进行了对比实验研究。研究结果表明:MCM-41吸附剂脱硫性能优异,相比活性炭吸附剂,脱硫效率提高了4%~8.4%,基于MCM-41材料的烟气脱硫吸附装置结构紧凑、占地面积小、吸附剂更换方便、脱硫效率高,在烟气排放量较小的各类工业企业脱硫系统中具有广泛的应用前景。 相似文献
10.
引水明渠的安全运行风险评价对减少和预防其在输水运行过程中的灾害发生、提高其在运营期间的社会经济效益具有重要的意义。为了对引水明渠在运行期间的风险进行合理赋权和评价,通过科学合理的方法构建了多指标参数的明渠运行风险影响因素指标体系,包括主体结构风险、自然风险、水污染风险、组织管理风险和运行调度风险5个风险因子子系统及20个二级指标在内的评价指标体系;运用G1和VPRS法分别确定各指标的主观权重和客观权重,结合MIE理论优化指标权重;根据明渠工程的运行特点,选取多层次灰色理论计算引水明渠运行风险值,并根据相关规范和安全风险评价实践确定风险评价等级。将该模型应用于引大入秦工程中,结果表明:采用序关系分析法(G1法)和变精度粗糙集理论(VPRS)并结合最小信息熵原理(MIE)的权重确定方法(G1-VPRS-MIE),不但避免了层次分析法过度依赖专家的主观经验、克服了粗糙集理论在边界刻画的局限性,而且弥补了主观和客观方法相结合的不足;对于指标权重的确定更加客观合理,既能满足所得权重的客观性,也能保证评估结果具有一定的解释性,同时能够减少单一权重计算的偏差;多层次灰色评价模型对于引水明渠安全运行风险等级的确定较为有效,并得出其风险等级为中等偏高,与实际情况一致。研究成果为引水明渠工程安全运行提供了一定的参考,同时可为类似气候环境的引水明渠区域规划、设计、施工提供有效的借鉴。 相似文献