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1.
Fault detection (FD) and diagnosis in industrial processes is essential to ensure process safety and maintain product quality. Partial least squares (PLS) has been used successfully in process monitoring because it can effectively deal with highly correlated process variables. However, the conventional PLS-based detection metrics, such as the Hotelling's T2 and the Q statistics are ill suited to detect small faults because they only use information from the most recent observations. Other univariate statistical monitoring methods, such as the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control scheme, has shown better abilities to detect small faults. However, EWMA can only be used to monitor single variables. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to combine the advantages of the univariate EWMA and PLS methods to enhance their performances and widen their applicability in practice. The performance of the proposed PLS-based EWMA FD method was compared with that of the conventional PLS FD method through two simulated examples, one using synthetic data and the other using simulated distillation column data. The simulation results clearly show the effectiveness of the proposed method over the conventional PLS, especially in the presence of faults with small magnitudes.  相似文献   
2.
溶剂萃取--蒸汽蒸馏法处理含油污泥   总被引:31,自引:0,他引:31  
为了实现含油污泥的资源化和无害化,对含油污泥进行了室温下的三氯甲烷溶剂萃取,然后在温度320~480℃、压力0.2MPa下进行水蒸汽蒸馏0~90min的掊油实验,结果表明含油污泥中加入3倍的萃取溶剂进行萃取,再按1g油泥加0.5mL的水在400℃下蒸馏,45min效果较好,脱油率达80%~95%。  相似文献   
3.
报道了胡椒基丁醚生产中5-丙基-1,3-苯并二氧杂茂的氯甲基化的废水处理,该废水经蒸馏可回收94%的盐酸,此酸吸收氯化氢后浓度在36%以上,可再用于氯甲基化反应。蒸馏残液经分油、Fenton试剂处理和五次生炭柱吸附后CODCr等项指标均可国家二类污染物的一级排放标准。  相似文献   
4.
清洁汽油生产过程中的蒸馏技术   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
汽油中的硫会增加汽车尾气中有害物质的排放,世界各国相继制定了越来越严格的规定,限制汽油中的硫含量。加氢技术虽然能够显著降低汽油中的硫含量,但却存在着烯烃饱和而导致辛烷值损失和氢耗高的问题。将汽油切割成不同的馏分段,根据其各自的组成特点选择不同的脱硫工艺,为这一问题提供了经济可行的解决方案。并针对汽油中硫和烯烃的分布特点,对不同汽油切割方案及蒸馏技术进行了分析。  相似文献   
5.
This work reports the effect of pressure on the steam/oxygen gasification at 1000 °C of the char derived from low temperature-pressure distillation of granulated scrap tyres (GST). The study was based on the analysis of gas production, carbon conversion, cold gas efficiency and the high heating value (HHV) of the product. For comparison, similar analyses were carried out for the gasification of coals with different rank.In spite of the relatively high ash (≈12 wt.%) and sulphur (≈3 wt.%) contents, the char produced in GST distillation can be regarded as a reasonable solid fuel with a calorific value of 34 MJ kg−1. The combustion properties of the char (EA ≈ 50 kJ mol−1), its temperature of self-heating (≈264 °C), ignition temperature (≈459 °C) and burn-out temperature (≈676 °C) were found to be similar to those of a semi-anthracite.It is observed that the yield, H2 and CO contents and HHV of the syngas produced from char gasification increase with pressure. At 0.1 MPa, 4.6 Nm3 kgchar−1 of syngas was produced, containing 28% v/v of H2 and CO and with a HHV around 3.7 MJ Nm−3. At 1.5 MPa, the syngas yield achieved 4.9 Nm3 kgchar−1 with 30% v/v of H2-CO and HHV of 4.1 MJ Nm−3. Carbon conversion significantly increased from 87% at 0.1 MPa to 98% at 1.5 MPa.It is shown that the char derived from distillation of granulated scrap tyres can be further gasified to render a gas of considerable heating value, especially when gasification proceeds at high pressure.  相似文献   
6.
采用精馏工艺对锂电池回收液中的N-甲基吡咯烷酮(N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone,NMP)进行回收。考察了pH值、回流比、塔压等因素对工艺流程的影响。结果表明:此工艺有较好的回收效果,当pH值控制在7.0~10.0,蒸发罐的压力为7.5 kPa,蒸馏塔的压力分别为7.5和5.5 kPa,蒸馏塔回流比分别为3和0.5时,NMP回收率高达99.98%,符合工业生产要求。  相似文献   
7.
Amine scrubbing is the most developed technology for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture. Degradation of amine solvents due to the presence of high levels of oxygen and other impurities in flue gas causes increasing costs and deterioration in long term performance, and therefore purification of the solvents is needed to overcome these problems. This review presents the reclaiming of amine solvents used for post combustion CO2 capture (PCC). Thermal reclaiming, ion exchange, and electrodialysis, although principally developed for sour gas sweetening, have also been tested for CO2 capture from flue gas. The three technologies all have their strengths and weaknesses, and further development is needed to reduce energy usage and costs. An expected future trend for amine reclamation is to focus on process integration of the current reclaiming technologies into the PCC process in order to drive down costs.  相似文献   
8.
9.
几种常见废有机溶剂的回收利用   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
蒸馏在有机化工生产中具有较为广泛的应用。经过简单蒸馏对一些废有机溶剂进行回收利用,一般是通过间歇蒸馏和萃取蒸馏来处理,只要根据不同的有机物沸点适当地调节蒸馏温度即可,简单蒸馏不但生产工艺简单,而且回收成本低,回收率高,既减少了废水有机溶剂对环境的危害性,又可以使废物得到充分的回收利用,实现了环境治理中“减量化,资源化,无害化”的方针,在目前环保治理中具有较为广泛的应用价值。  相似文献   
10.
阐述了氨水精馏法制液氨工艺的技术经济特点,分析了炼厂生产液氨的质量问题,指出了采用“氨水精馏法制液氨工艺”是含硫含氨污水汽提装置提高经济效益、社会效益的有效途径  相似文献   
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