Forest Health Monitoring in the United States: First Four Years

To address the need for more effective methods for evaluating and assessing forest ecosystem health, the USDA-Forest Service and the US Environmental Protection Agency through its Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program developed the Forest Health Monitoring program. The program was initiated in 1990 and by 1994 was present in the major areas of the United States. This paper presents an overview of the program, the indicators and methods developed for the program, and some of the results after four years of monitoring and research.  

生态监测指标选择一般过程探讨

本文对生态监测指标体系设计的一般过程进行了详细的分析和论述。主要包括生态监测目标、生态系统所受的环境压力、生态系统模型的提出以及生态监测指标的分类。旨在为我国生态监测规划和设计进行初步的探索。  

加强预警监测体系建设 高效应对突发生态环境问题

简述了区域突发生态环境问题的现状与特点以及环境监测应对突发生态环境问题的现状,指出了环境监测应对突发生态环境污染存在的问题。提出,应加快预警监测技术体系建设,丰富预警监测技术手段,重视生物生态监测在预警监测中的作用,提高环境质量综合评价水平,发挥环境信息系统在预警监测中的作用,加强预警监测技术人才培养。  

关于"生态监测"之思考

对生态监测的目的、含义、监测内容及与环境监测的关系进行了探讨。  

辽宁大伙房水库水质生态学监测的研究

1961～1996年对大伙房水库6个站进行了不同季节浮游植物、底栖动物群落特征的生态调查.共发现藻类8门,174种,底栖动物34种,分析了水生生物种类组成,数量变化和生物演替.水质生态学评价结果表明,大伙房水库只受到轻度污染,水质等级为2级.  

Monitoring Australian Rangeland Sites Using Landscape Function Indicators and Ground- and Remote-Based Techniques

If the goal for managing rangelands is to achieve a balance between production and conservation, then monitoring is essential to detect change and apply corrective action. In some range-land areas of northern Australia, monitoring has detected a tilt in the production-conservation balance towards excessive production. How big is this imbalance? Can it shift back? Robust monitoring is needed to answer these questions. The aim is to know what to monitor, and where. For example, to detect changes caused by livestock on rangeland forage production and soil erosion, indicators linking grazing disturbances to landscape function are needed, that is, indicators that signal how well landscapes are capturing, concentrating, and utilizing scarce water, nutrient, and organic resources. Studies in Australia and the USA document that simple vegetation and soil patch attributes can be measured as indicators of the 'state of health' of landscape function. For example, field and remote sensing-based grazing studies in Australia document that landscapes with a high cover of perennial plant patches function effectively to capture runoff water and nutrients in sediments, whereas landscapes with a low cover of these patches do not — they are dysfunctional — as indicated by large patches of bare soil. Aerial videography is proving to be a robust technique for measuring indicators of landscape function such as small patches of vegetation and the extent of bare soil. These indicators typically have a sigmoidal response to grazing impacts. We illustrate that if these indicators are measured on monitoring sites established near the sigmoidal 'point of inflection’ then small changes in these indicators can be detected.  

面向未来 实现环境监测新飞跃

在南京市转变经济增长方式、发展循环经济、开展生态城市建设中，环境监测需要充分发挥主观能动作用，以大力发展生态监测、自动监测、信息化建设为主导，以改革管理体制、合理配置人力资源、加强人才培养和队伍建设为铺垫，围绕环境管理总体目标开展环境标准指标体系研究，为建设人与自然和谐共处的新南京积极提供技术支持。  

生态监测指标选择的探讨

为了维持自然生态环境与人类社会协调、可持续发展，需要对生态系统的状态、演化趋势等进行生态监测。该文以水生态系统为例，从生态系统的组成、结构和功能角度出发，分析比较了不同类型的生态监测指标，提出从生态完整性角度对来描述和评估生态系统状况，开展生态监测和生态评价工作。以水源地水库生态监测为例，阐述了生物完整性指数的应用效果，表明基于生态完整性的生态监测工作是可行有效的。国内外的相关应用与研究均表明，我国推广开展基于生态完整性的生态监测评价工作是完全可行的，具有广阔的应用前景，将极大地推动我国监测工作的发展。  

物候学在生态监测中的应用

本文介绍了物候学以及物候观测的主要方法,对物候学与生态监测的关系以及在生态监测中的应用进行了探讨.  

南水北调东线水源区的生态监测

分析了南水北调东线水源区近期的生态监测工作重点、生态类型划分、监测指标确定及监测报告的编制，提出水源区近期生态监测应以监测区域生态质量状况和地面监测各生态系统信息指标为主，水源区的湿地生态系统、农村生态系统、农田生态系统、森林生态系统4种生态类型应按照综合性、独立性、可测性、数据可获得性和长期性的原则，分别确定其监测指标和监测频次。对生态监测报告的形式、内容提出了具体要求。