Dynamics and Causation of Environmental Equity, Locally Unwanted Land Uses, and Neighborhood Changes

/ Why are some environmental risks distributed disproportionately in the neighborhoods of the minorities and the poor? A hypothesis was proposed in a recent study that market dynamics contributed to the current environmental inequity. That is, locally unwanted land uses (LULUs) make the host communities home to more poor people and people of color. This hypothesis was allegedly supported by a Houston case study, whereby its author analyzed the postsiting changes of the socioeconomic characteristics of the neighborhoods surrounding solid waste facilities. I argue that such an analysis of postsiting changes alone is insufficient to test the causation hypothesis. Instead, I propose a conceptual framework for analysis of environmental equity dynamics and causation. I suggest that the presiting neighborhood dynamics and the characteristics of control neighborhoods be analyzed as the first test for the causation hypothesis. Furthermore, I present theories of neighborhood change and then examine alternative hypotheses that these theories offer for explaining neighborhood changes and for the roles of LULUs in neighborhood changes. These alternative hypotheses should be examined when analyzing the relationship between LULUs and neighborhood changes in a metropolitan area. Using this framework of analysis, I revisited the Houston case. First, I found no evidence that provided support for the hypothesis that the presence of LULUs made the neighborhoods home to more blacks and poor people, contrary to the conclusion made by the previous study. Second, I examined alternative hypotheses for explaining neighborhood changes-invasion-succession, other push forces, and neighborhood life-cycle; the former two might offer better explanation.KEY WORDS: Environmental equity and justice; Locally unwanted lane uses; Siting; Market dynamics; Invasion-succession; Neighborhood changes     

南京市的环境地质问题及对策

南京市因城市建设的飞速发展、生产生活规模的不断扩大，引发了许多环境地质问题。文章论述了南京市存在的不同类型的环境地质问题，并提出了相应的对策。     

中国环境污染事故发生与经济发展的动态关系

基于1992~2006年中国经济发展和环境污染事故时序数据,建立了中国经济发展和环境污染事故发生的计量模型,以此来分析中国环境安全状态的发展阶段与趋势.结果表明,中国环境污染事故频数与经济增长之间呈现倒“N”型波浪式的EKC特征.环境污染事故频数、水污染事故频数、大气污染事故频数随着人均GDP的快速提高, 先下降、后上升、再下降, 但还会出现反复.环境污染事故的发生不同于环境污染物的排放,不是经济发展过程中的必然产物,但是却具有非常大的不确定性和危害性,必须利用先进的政策、制度和技术,才可以有效减少污染事故的发生.     

环境污染纠纷技术仲裁监测方法探讨

以某铝厂环境空气氟化物污染纠纷的技术仲裁监测为实例，总结出了一套环境污染纠纷技术仲裁监测的工作程序和方法，从法律程序、技术路线、质量保证，监测指标体系等方面对环境污染纠纷技术仲裁监测工作如何开展进行了探讨。     

基于证据法学的环境监测原始记录设计

从证据法学概念的角度浅析了环境监测原始记录的证据范畴,根据其所属范畴的证据要求,归纳了环境监测原始记录的证据要求。结合实例,分析了环境监测原始记录存在的不足,并提出了改进建议。     

环境监理运行模式初探

围绕环境监理的基本职责 ,对捆绑式、专一式、切块式 3种不同的环境监理运行模式进行了探讨。提出切块式环境监理运行模式比较适合现阶段环境监理工作 ,是一种值得推广的环境监理运行模式。     

我国目前的环境监测站标准化建设

阐述了我国环境监测站的建设与发展过程,以及环境监测站标准化建设的意义和作用,介绍了江苏省在环境监测站标准化建设方面采取的措施和取得的成效。指出目前在环境监测站标准化建设中存在认识不到位、措施不力,投入、不足、缺乏保障,发展不平衡等问题。提出应加强领导,科学规划,拓展融资渠道,加快环境监测站标准化建设步伐。     

Chemical Controversy: Canadian and US News Coverage of the Scientific Debate about Bisphenol A

This study analyzes how newspapers covered the scientific controversy surrounding the health effects of exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA). Specifically, it examines whether framing, sources of scientific information, and balancing of competing sides in the debate differed across national political contexts and journalistic approaches. In regard to the former, it compares coverage in Canada (represented by the Globe and Mail), which had banned BPA in baby bottles and cups, to coverage in the United States (represented by the New York Times and Washington Post), which had not. In regard to the latter, it compares coverage in two US newspapers that took a conventional journalistic approach (the New York Times and Washington Post) to coverage in a US newspaper that launched an investigative series regarding BPA (the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel). The study concludes by considering what the findings suggest about how social forces shape coverage of scientific controversies involving environmental issues.     

三种典型渔药对大型溞(Daphnia magna)的急性毒性及其关键环境影响因子分析

测试了三种典型渔药三氯异氰尿酸(Trichloroisocyanuricacid,TCCA)、叔丁基对羟基茴香醚(Butylatedhydroxyanisole,BHA)、盐酸环丙沙星(Ciprofloxacinhydrochloride,CPFX)对大型(Daphniamagna)的急性毒性。结果表明,对于大型的毒性由大到小的顺序为:三氯异氰尿酸,叔丁基对羟基茴香醚,盐酸环丙沙星,48hLC50分别为0.19mg·L-1,3.15mg·L-1和135.15mg·L-1。通过三因素三水平正交试验分析了主要环境因子pH值、硬度、腐殖酸对三种渔药对大型毒性的影响,发现pH显著影响TCCA的毒性,硬度显著影响CPFX的毒性,而BHA毒性受环境因素影响不显著。