黄孢原毛平革菌在E段废水中的生长特性与脱色作用

利用GCMS定性分析漂白废水主要发色物质的种类，对黄孢原毛平革菌在抑制条件下的生长与脱色作用进行试验研究，结果表明，废水中各类高分子量有机污染物是形成色度的主要来源，此类物质在菌对数生长阶段被大量降解。     

三氯乙醛前驱物的筛选及其生成影响因素探讨

选取苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、色氨酸、组氨酸、酪氨酸代表自然界中低分子量的有机酸和氨基酸,实验室模拟氯化,GC/MS确证了氯化产物中的三氯乙醛,GC-ECD定量测定了氯化产物中三氯乙醛的浓度,筛选了生成三氯乙醛主要前驱物,并进一步探讨了各种因素对三氯乙醛形成的影响。     

提高GCMS离子源温度准确定量低浓度DEHP和PAHs

为解决GCMS难以准确定量环境样品中低浓度多环芳烃、酞酸酯类等高沸点、难挥发性有机物的难题,对比了GC进样口温度与MS温度对测定低浓度邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯(DEHP)、PAHs的影响。结果证明,MS离子源温度是准确定量DEHP、PAHs的关键因素,通过提高MS离子源温度能大幅度提高PAHs的灵敏度,且MS温度对沸点越高的PAHs灵敏度影响越大。在高MS离子源温度(330℃)条件下,建立了16种PAHs的SIM校准曲线,定量浓度低至5 ng/m L,表现出极高的灵敏度。为今后开发各类环境中低浓度难挥发性有机物的GCMS定量方法提供借鉴意义。     

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil from the seeds of Enterolobium contortisiliquum (leguminosae)

Seeds of Enterolobium contortisiliquum were subjected to steam distillation to obtain a light yellow essential oil in a yield of 3 ml/kg of seeds. The major components of the oil were identified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and were furfural, limonene, linalool, estragole, carvone, and apiole with carvone representing more than 50% of the total composition. Antimicrobial activities of the essential oil were determined against four species of gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus) and two gram negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia Marcescencs). The essential oil inhibited the growth of all tested bacteria but was most effective against the gram positive bacteria. Chemicals that are responsible for the antibacterial effect of the essential oil were determined using the bio-autography thin layer chromatography (TLC) technique. The active compounds responsible for the activity were found to be carvone and estragole.     

预浓缩/柱箱制冷GCMS/FID法测定大气中117种挥发性有机物

建立了罐采样、吸附剂辅助电子制冷预浓缩-柱箱制冷GCMS/FID同时测定大气中117种挥发性有机物(VOCs)的方法。样品经填充吸附剂的电子制冷预浓缩系统除水、除CO₂、浓缩和热脱附后,采用柱箱制冷及GCMS/FID的多维切割单元,将5种C₂-C₃组分切到二维色谱柱进行分离并进入FID检测,甲醛及其他111种VOCs组分留在一维色谱柱进行分离并进入MS检测,甲醛采用SIM模式检测,其余化合物采用Scan模式检测。FID采用外标法定量,MS采用内标法定量。考查了预浓缩系统条件、多维切割条件、质谱条件、气相条件等参数对测试结果的影响,对比了常温柱箱法和柱箱制冷法的效果,并评估了在此优化条件下的方法性能。117种VOCs在0.5—20 nmol·mol^-1(甲醛2.5—100 nmol·mol^-1)范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(R)在0.9924—0.9999,方法检出限为0.071—0.718μg·m^-3,定量限为0.284—2.872μg·m^-3。     

铜绿假单胞菌降解菲的产物鉴定及代谢过程

研究了1株能快速降解疏水性化合物的铜绿假单胞菌NY3对菲的降解机理。GC-MS分析表明,该菌代谢菲的各个阶段,能够被检测到的主要酸性产物有1-羟基-2-萘甲酸、α-萘酚、邻羟基苯基羰基乙酸、水杨酸、苯甲酸等。铜绿假单胞菌NY3经过一系列氧化代谢将菲转化为1-羟基-2-萘甲酸,进一步反应生成α-萘酚。由菲到1-羟基-2-萘甲酸,未检测到其他产物,说明该阶段产物被继续代谢的速度快,产物含量低不易积累。1-羟基-2-萘甲酸为体系中积累的唯一的主要代谢产物。尽管继续代谢速度慢,但它可以按照α-萘酚、邻羟基苯基羰基乙酸、水杨酸、苯甲酸途径被继续转化。NY3降解菲的代谢产物中未检测到二羟基萘、苯二酚等多羟基化合物,但羟基和羧基处于邻位的化合物,如1-羟基-2-萘甲酸和水杨酸有非常明显积累的趋势,α-萘酚和苯甲酸积累速度次之。     

Significance of organic matter in Eocene turbidite sediments (SE Pyrenees,Spain)

Although turbidite deposits are classically considered to be good reservoir rocks for oil and gas, there are no reports concerning their source rock potential in the literature. The sediments from the Vallfogona Formation in the South-Eastern Pyrenees present numerous organic matter-rich levels interbedded in sandstones and coarse turbidite deposits. Two types of organic matter deposits were differentiated on the basis of organic geochemistry and petrography: type A and type B. Type A was deposited in a carbonate marine environment under hypersaline conditions as indicated mainly by even/odd n-alkane predominance, pristane and phytane ratio (Pr/Ph) < 1, presence of gammacerane, and trisnorneohopane over trisnorhopane ratio (Ts/Tm) > 1. Type B was deposited in a more mud-rich marine environment evidenced by the predominance of odd n-alkane, Pr/Ph ≥ 1, Ts/Tm < 1, the absence of gammacerane, similar concentrations of the C₂₇ and C₂₉ regular steranes, and the greater abundance of C₂₇ diasteranes. Turbidite facies can be regarded as an environment where organic matter sedimentation is heterogeneous in type and amount. This study suggests that turbidite deposits with interbedded organic matter-rich levels may act as a combined source–reservoir system.     

SPE-GCMS法分析饮用水源水中痕量半挥发性有机物

采用C 18固相萃取柱富集,乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷和丙酮混合溶剂以1∶1∶1比例洗脱、自动固相萃取的前处理方法,气相色谱质谱连用,分析水源水中33种半挥发性有机物,并与液液萃取前处理方法进行比较。结果表明:在500~5 000μg/L范围内,33种SVOC线性良好,相关系数0.990,回收率为70.1%~114.2%,相对标准偏差为2.4%~13.4%,方法检出限为0.06~0.25μg/L;而且该方法较液液萃取,检出样品种类多。适用于饮用水源水中半挥发性有机物的监测。