浙江省地方环境标准制定思考

地方环境标准是对国家环境标准的补充和完善。为加大污染控制力度,适应新形势下环境管理和执法要求,有效改善和保护环境质量,针对浙江省主要环境问题和现行国家环境标准的不足,结合产业发展方向和环境保护目标,制定浙江省地方环境标准十分必要。主要从浓度控制与排放总量控制相结合、敏感或特殊有毒有害污染物控制、行业污染控制和相关环境质量等方面提出了地方环境标准的制定思路。     

Seasonal Fluctuation in Heavy Metal Pollution in Iran´s Siahroud River - A Preliminary Study (7 pp)

Background The management of its available water resources has become a key issue for Iran. During the last few decades, the water quality of Siahroud River in the coastal plain of the Caspian Sea in Gilan Province in Northern Iran has significantly degraded. The scarcity of water has been compounded by rapid population growth and increasing pollution from fertilizers, pesticides, and municipal and industrial wastes. One of the sources of this degradation is the movement of heavy metals from the river's watershed into the various water systems supported by the river, including the water system for Rasht City. Methods To study the magnitude of heavy metal pollution in the Siahroud River, seven heavy metals including Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Mn, Fe, and Ni were measured in duplicate from replicated water samples collected over five consecutive seasons and analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. In situ measurements of pH were taken with the samples and total organic carbon (TOC) was analyzed by IR gas measurement. Results The results demonstrated that four of the seven heavy metals including Pb, Fe, Cd, and Mn exceeded permissible safe levels as established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Multivariate factor analysis suggested that industrial land-use was the main contributing factor for the high levels of Fe and Mn in the Siahroud River, whereas, Cd was principly from agricultural activities in the watershed. The data also suggested that pH and TOC had an important role in the behaviour of Pb and Mn, and that the elevated levels of these two heavy metals in Siahroud River was the consequence of other anthropogenic sources. Only negligible levels of Zn, Cu and Ni were detected. Finally, all the sampling stations were subjected to cluster analysis. The results indicated that three different zones could be distinguished according to the levels of pollution. In addition, it was shown that the urban areas did not have a significant impact on the heavy metal pollution in the river. This observation stems from the fact that the data from the sampling stations before and after Rasht City were not significantly different. Recommendation . Preventive measures need to be undertaken in the land-use systems and watersheds of the Siahroud River to reduce the pollution levels of Pb, Cd, Mn and Fe.     

基于人均生态承载力的安徽省资源环境公平性研究

通过对人均生态承载力内涵的扩展,提出了生态承载系数的概念。从多个时间断面出发,计算2001—2010年安徽省17个地市的人均生态承载力,并选取能源消耗、水资源消耗、SO2排放和COD排放4个评价因子,构建基于人均生态承载力的安徽省资源环境基尼系数和生态承载系数的计算与评价方法。结果表明:(1)安徽省SO2排放的资源环境基尼系数高于0.4的警戒线,能源消耗的资源环境基尼系数接近0.4的警戒线,水资源消耗和COD排放的资源环境基尼系数均处于相对平均等级。(2)总体来看,省内资源型城市马鞍山、淮南,经济较发达城市合肥和沿江工业城市安庆、芜湖是安徽省资源消耗和污染物排放不公平性的主要因子,需要优化资源环境分配;皖南山区城市黄山、池州和宣城是安徽省资源消耗和污染物排放公平性的主要因子。该研究可为安徽省资源环境安全性评估和分配提供理论依据。     

林业发展新模式:智慧林业的评述(Ⅱ)

介绍了智慧林业的概念、基本特征及形成背景、新观念,分析了数字林业、智慧林业与泛在林业的关系,阐述了中国及智慧林业发展战略,建议深入研究智慧林业定义、内涵、外延、特征、观点、问题及对策,以便形成一门崭新的科学——智慧林业科学.     

小城镇公众生态意识现状及策略--河北省东部小城镇生态意识调查

在对河北省东部进行的生态意识调查基础上,运用计量经济学方法分析了这些小城镇生态意识水平发展的一些规律,并提出了提高小城镇公众生态意识水平的一些对策。研究发现这些小城镇政府工作人员的整体生态意识处于浅层思考阶段,对指导环境保护仅具有启蒙性的意义,仍需提高到深层意识水平,才能更好地行使环境教育与环境决策的职责。研究还发现生态意识策略首先要加强对小城镇地区公众的生态安全教育,其次是注重转变经济增长方式,发展生态经济;关注中小学生的生态意识培养;同时尽力加强环境管理。     

湖南蝶类研究

湖南蝶类共有158种,区系组成以东洋成分为主体,其次为东洋与古北共有成分.建议在4个方面加强利用研究,以促进湖南经济发展.表1,参6.     

广东省森林植被碳储量空间分布格局

基于广东省2007年森林资源清查档案数据,采用材积源生物量法,量化广东省森林植被碳储量,研究广东省森林植被碳储量空间分布格局。结果表明,广东省森林植被碳储量为246.35Tg,碳密度为22.96mg·hm-2。受人为干扰和环境因素的影响,广东省森林植被碳储量在不同经济区和流域空间分布格局严重不均。就不同经济区而言,粤北及周边经济区森林植被碳储量最大,达180.22Tg;珠三角经济区次之,为34.60Tg;接着是粤西沿海经济区,为21.49Tg;粤东沿海经济区最小;仅为10.04Tg。在不同流域方面,森林植被碳储量依次为：北江流域〉东江流域〉西江流域〉韩江流域〉其他流域。广东省乔木林碳储量为202.85Tg,以中幼龄林为主,占77.1%;乔木林龄组结构与碳密度近乎成正比关系,存在较大的相关性。     

乌江流域（四川部分）水土流失及其防治对策

根据径流场观测材料、调查资料及历史事实,论述了乌江流域(四川部分)的水土流失现状、特点、危害及导致水土流失的自然因素和人为因素。针对该流域水土流失特点和原因提出了防治对策。     

论江西省田塍资源及其开发利用

田塍是耕地资源的重要组成部分。江西地处长江中下游南岸，田塍资源丰富，条件优越，具有很大的生产潜力。本文分析了江西田塍资源的现状和特点，阐述了开发利用田塍资源的必要性和优越性；提出了开发利用江西田塍资源的若干建议。     

用“条件”水分平衡法分析湖北省干旱的时空分布规律

从“条件”水分平衡角度和农业生产实际情况出发，提出了一个综合考虑水分盈亏和同期作物需水量的干旱指标，并用此指标分析了湖北省１９６１－１９９０年３０年来的主要干旱类型的时空分布规律及对农业生产的影响。