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1.
为对含蜡原油管道中的蜡沉积厚度进行准确预测,在函数cot(x2)变换的基础上,结合平移变换思想,利用cot(x2+c)变换建立新的改进GM(1,1)模型。以现场管道结蜡数据和室内环道结蜡数据为例,对比改进GM(1,1)模型、基于函数cot(x2)变换建立的GM(1,1)模型及传统GM(1,1)模型之间的预测精度,并分析平移量c对改进GM(1,1)模型预测精度的影响。结果表明:改进GM(1,1)模型的预测精度最高,其次是基于函数cot(x2)变换建立的GM(1,1)模型,而传统GM(1,1)模型的预测精度最低;随着平移量的增大,改进GM(1,1)模型的平均相对预测误差呈现出先减小后增大的趋势,因此合理的平移量有助于模型精度的提高。应用改进GM(1,1)模型来预测管道蜡沉积厚度是可行的,该方法可为含蜡原油管道蜡沉积厚度的准确预测提供参考和借鉴。  相似文献   
2.
While there are currently a number of irrigated land datasets available for the western United States (U.S.), there is uncertainty regarding in how they relate to each other. To help understand the characteristics of available irrigated datasets, we compared (1) the Cropland Data Layer (CDL), (2) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Irrigated Agriculture Dataset (IAD), (3) Digitized Irrigated Land (DIL), and (4) Consumptive Use for Irrigation (CUI) data in Arizona and Colorado, U.S. These datasets were derived from multiple sources at various spatial resolutions and temporal scales. We found spatial and temporal trends among all of them. The datasets showed decreases in irrigated land area in Arizona during the 2000–2010 time period. The change ranges and ratios were similar in all Arizona datasets. Irrigated land in Colorado decreased in DIL and CUI but increased in IAD and CDL. The agreement within the same type of dataset during different time periods was from 60% to 80% (R2 from 0.35 to 0.72) in Arizona and from 50% to 80% (R2 from 0.23 to 0.68) in Colorado. DIL had the highest agreement (80%) in both states. The agreement among different datasets acquired at approximately the same time frame ranged from 51% to 63% (R2 from 0.14 to 0.31) in Arizona and from 47% to 69% (R2 from 0.32 to 0.40) in Colorado. The results from this study support a greater understanding of the multiresolution and multitemporal nature of these datasets for various applications.  相似文献   
3.
针对新建矿井地勘瓦斯含量测值偏低和井下实测瓦斯含量较少的特点,结合工程和科研实践,提出了利用大量的工作面瓦斯涌出量反演煤层原始瓦斯含量技术和基于探采对比的煤层瓦斯含量预测方法。以邹庄井田32煤层为研究对象,在考虑瓦斯抽采情况下计算3204工作面瓦斯涌出量,并反演该工作面煤层原始瓦斯含量。通过对比采掘过程中获得的瓦斯含量和地勘瓦斯含量,得到不同钻孔深度时的地勘瓦斯含量修正系数,并采用瓦斯地质研究方法对32煤层分3个单元进行瓦斯含量预测。结果表明:32煤层瓦斯含量整体呈现"东部大于西部,北部大于南部"的规律,与临近矿井具有相似的瓦斯赋存规律。这表明利用探采对比的方法预测煤层瓦斯含量是可靠的。  相似文献   
4.
美国加州南岸地区空气质量监测系统运行管理与借鉴   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
借鉴加州南岸空气质量监测管理经验(特别是运行管理模式)对于现阶段我国城市环境空气质量监测管理具有极高的参考价值。简要介绍了加州南岸空气质量管理局( SCAQMD)的空气质量监测现状、监测网络布局、颗粒物采样方法和相关质量管理体系。对现行的环境空气质量指数、管理架构和PM2?5考核方法进行了综合比较,建议从4个方面借鉴SCAQMD经验:试行“空气质量管理区”模式;开展专项研究网络建设;逐步开展手工监测采样和颗粒物化学组分分析;提升数据挖掘水平,服务管理决策。  相似文献   
5.
利用稳健四分位间距法和迭代法2种稳健统计方法,通过对全国31个省、自治区、直辖市范围内共334家环境监测单位开展土壤中汞的实验室间比对,对比对测定结果和质控数据进行统计分析,系统性地研究了土壤中汞的质量控制指标。建议实际监测工作中土壤汞的实验室间相对标准偏差范围为7%~19%,相对误差控制指标为±8%,低浓度水平下可适当放宽至±10%,加标回收率控制范围为81%~109%,为日常监测开展土壤汞的质量控制工作提供了评价依据,具有广泛的应用价值和较好的指导作用。  相似文献   
6.
随着科学技术的发展,工业产品越来越丰富。工业工艺过程、缺氧燃烧、垃圾焚烧和填埋等生产活动,产生了大量的多环芳烃物质。这些物质通过复杂的物理迁移、化学及生物转化反应,进入土壤,严重污染环境,给人类及其生物的安全带来严重危害。如何快速、准确检测土壤中多环芳烃的含量,成为治理污染等相应策略实施的首要条件。当前测定土壤中多环芳烃的前处理方法有加压流体萃取、索式萃取、超声波萃取、微波萃取等。在这些成熟萃取手段中,浓缩又是一个关键步骤。目前浓缩的手段有KD浓缩、氮吹浓缩、旋转蒸发浓缩、旋转与氮吹合用浓缩。本文对四种浓缩手段对多环芳烃中的萘提取液进行浓缩分析比较,并获得了一定结论,望给行业内提供有效的参考意见。  相似文献   
7.
Introduction: Technological advancements during recent decades have led to the development of a wide array of tools and methods in order to record driving behavior and measure various aspects of driving performance. The aim of the present study is to present and comparatively assess the various driver recording tools that researchers have at their disposal. Method: In order to achieve this aim, a multitude of published studies from the international literature have been examined based on the driver recording methodologies that have been implemented. An examination of more traditional survey methods (questionnaires, police reports, and direct observer methods) is initially conducted, followed by investigating issues pertinent to the use of driving simulators. Afterwards, an extensive section is provided for naturalistic driving data tools, including the utilization of on-board diagnostics (OBD) and in-vehicle data recorders (IVDRs). Lastly, in-depth incident analysis and the exploitation of smartphone data are discussed. Results: A critical synthesis of the results is conducted, providing the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing each tool and including additional knowledge regarding ease of experimental implementation, data handling issues, impacts on subsequent analyses, as well as the respective cost parameters. Conclusions: New technologies provide undeniably powerful tools that allow for seamless data handling, storage, and analysis, such as smartphones and in-vehicle data recorders. However, this sometimes comes at considerable costs (which may or may not pay off at a later stage), while legacy driver recording methods still have their own niches to fill in research. Practical Applications: The present research supports researchers when designing driver behavior monitoring studies. The present work enables better scheduling and pacing of research activities, but can also provide insights for the distribution of research funds.  相似文献   
8.
Abstract

A sudden increase in serum creatinine after paraquat intoxication has been reported in several clinical studies. However, this dramatic change of creatinine may be possibly due to an interconversion of creatine-creatinine in relation to paraquat toxicity. In order to investigate the creatine-creatinine relationship, a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in combination with electrospray ionization was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of creatine and creatinine in the serum. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Gemini® C6-Phenyl column with a gradient elution consisting of 0.1% formic acid in ultrapure water and methanol as the mobile phase. The method yielded suitable levels of specificity and selectivity, and calibration curves of creatine and creatinine in serum were linear over the concentration range of 0.5–200?µg mL?1. The limit of quantification of both compounds was 0.5?µg mL?1, and the method was accurate within the recovery range of 96.23–102.75%, indicating the robustness of the method. The method was successfully applied to toxicological samples from paraquat-intoxicated patients, and the concentrations of creatine and creatinine were quantified. High creatine concentrations in serum samples were observed which may lead to high serum creatinine despite normal kidney function as creatine is converted to creatinine in proportion to its concentration.  相似文献   
9.
气象监测是环境空气质量监测的重要组成部分,在环境空气质量精细化管理中发挥着重要作用。气象部门通常采用集中送检或现场校准的方式对气象仪器性能状况进行检查,但环保部门对监测子站气象仪器的相关性能检查还处于空白状态。结合国家环境空气质量自动监测网管理现状,研究采用现场比对方式进行气象仪器性能评估。试验过程中,温度、气压比对数据结果最好,湿度、风速比对数据结果较好,风向比对数据结果较差。因此,在气象部门集中送检和现场校准方式之外,环保部门采用现场比对方式,对空气子站气象仪器性能状况进行评估总体可行,对正常开展空气子站气象监测具有重要意义。  相似文献   
10.
新型污染物风险防范国际实践及其对中国的启示   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
随着重化工业的快速发展和各类化学品的大量使用,一些新型污染物对中国居民和生态环境的危害正逐步显现并日趋严重。如何进一步完善中国新型污染物的风险防范体系,是中国生态环境治理面临的重要问题。发达国家新型污染物的风险防范工作启动较早,对中国完善新型污染物风险防范体系具有重要的借鉴意义。本文从制度建设、体制机制、评估监测、科学研究等方面比较国内外新型污染物风险防范实践的异同,立足我国国情,发现国内实践还需加强之处。在此基础上,提出国际新型污染物风险防范实践对中国的启示。  相似文献   
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