富里酸在土壤环境中的吸附研究

富里酸在土壤中的吸附影响着土壤肥力和土壤环境,本文比较了不同pH、离子强度下,富里酸对土壤环境吸附性能的影响,探究了高岭土对富里酸的吸附条件.结果表明吸附在高岭土上的富里酸可以改变高岭土的结构,与高岭土空白样相比,复合体的结构更加分散.高岭土的不同组分对富里酸的吸附容量不同,对富里酸不同官能团的亲和性也存在明显差异.富里酸在高岭土上的吸附及有机污染物在土壤环境中的吸附作用,与烷基、芳香基团呈正相关.     

PA6/煤系高岭土复合材料的制备与性能

用不同硅烷类偶联剂和钛酸酯偶联剂处理煤系高岭土，研究了煤系高岭土活化指数的变化，制备了PA6／煤系高岭土复合材料，研究了材料的力学性能和结晶行为。结果表明：在PA6中填充用偶联剂处理的煤系高岭土，可起到增强作用，其中钛酸脂偶联剂NDZ101效果较好，其合适用量为1％，经偶联剂处理的煤系高岭土比未处理的煤系高岭土具有更好的增强效果；煤系高岭土使尼龙6的结晶温度升高，结晶速度加快。     

用废盐酸和劣质高岭土生产聚合氯化铝的研究

采用废盐酸和劣质高岭土生产聚合氯化铝技术，对试验原料、设备、内容等作了介绍，结果表明，该项技术不仅解决了某化工厂副产 浓度含氟盐酸的出路问题，而且综合利用了当地的矿产资源，实现了经济效益、环境效益和社会效益的统一。     

微生物絮凝剂对微颗粒高岭土悬浊液的絮凝特性

从活性污泥和土壤中分离、筛选得到66株微生物絮凝剂产生菌,研究分析了其中具有较好絮凝性的8株菌种所产絮凝剂对高岭土悬浊液中粒径小于1 μm的高岭土颗粒粒度分布的影响情况,并且研究了微生物絮凝剂投加量和助凝剂CaCl2对高岭土悬浊液粒度分布的影响.研究结果表明微生物絮凝剂对于粒度大小为0.200～0.300 μm的高岭土悬浮颗粒的絮凝效果最佳,絮凝剂投加量的变化对高岭土悬浊液粒度分布有一定的影响,助凝剂在一定的投加浓度范围内对微生物絮凝剂絮凝有明显的促进作用.     

Desorption characteristics of kaolin clay contaminated with zinc from electrokinetic soil processing

A number of bench scale laboratory column tests were carried out using a newly designed and developed electrokinetic cell to investigate the fundamental behavior of zinc-spiked kaolin clay subjected to an electric field. Laboratory investigations focused on (i) zinc migration by the combined effects of electromigration and electro-osmosis and (ii) the electrically induced desorption characteristics of zinc-contaminated kaolin that occurred during processing. The correlations of the applied voltage gradient, electro-osmotic flow rate, and the development of a pH gradient were examined and evaluated. The results showed that the removal efficiency was high during the early stage of processing due to rapid desorption by electrokinetic effects in the cathode region. However, the majority of zinc migrating from the anode was precipitated due to the high pH environment in the cathode region.     

小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)与高岭土在实验条件下的凝聚沉降行为研究

用比浊法研究了小球藻与高岭土在实验条件下的凝聚沉降行为。结果表明，小球藻与高岭土的凝聚沉降是受颗粒表面理化作用力控制的过程。环境条件通过改变颗粒间的理化作用，在不同程度上促进或抑制颗粒凝聚沉降，根据颗粒凝聚沉降的特点，可将粘土用于水污染治理。     

Formation process and mechanism of humic acid-kaolin complex determined by carbamazepine sorption experiments and various characterization methods

To explore the formation process and mechanism of organic matter and organic-mineral complex under humification and mineralization conditions, a series of samples including humic acid, kaolin, and humic acid-kaolin complex were prepared using a subcritical water treatment method(SWT) under specific temperature, pressure and reaction time conditions. HA was used as a surrogate for natural organic matter because it has a similar abundant pore structure,variety of carbon types, and chemical components. These samples were used in carbamazepine(CBZ) sorption experiments and characterized by a variety of techniques. The polymerization of humic acid under the conditions of increased temperature and pressure resulted in an increase in specific surface area and molecular quantity. In addition, the degree of aromaticity rose from59.52% to 70.90%. These changes were consistent with the transformation from ‘soft carbon' to‘hard carbon' that occurs in nature. The results of sorption experiments confirmed the interaction between humic acid and kaolin from the difference between the predicted and actual Qevalues. The conceptual model of humic acid-kaolin complex could be deduced and described as follows. Firstly, the aromatic components of humic acid preferentially combine with kaolin through the intercalation effect, which protects them from the treatment effects.Next, the free carboxyl groups and small aliphatic components of humic acid interact on the surface of kaolin, and these soft species transform into dense carbon through cyclization and polymerization. As a result, humic acid-kaolin complex with a mineral core and dense outer carbonaceous patches were formed.     

复配修饰黏土对四环素的吸附及其应用探究

分别采用十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTAB)和十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)对十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱(BS-12)修饰高岭土(K)进行复配修饰,以批处理法探究其对紫色土(PS)吸附四环素(TC)的影响。结果表明:TC吸附是自发、吸热和熵增的反应,各供试材料对TC的吸附均符合Langmuir模型,且相同条件下60%复配修饰效果更佳。各供试材料对TC的吸附量均随着温度和pH值的升高而增加(除PS/K_60%BS+60%SD外)。当温度为20℃,pH值为5,离子浓度为0.1 mol/L时,吸附量达到最大值5.64 mmol/kg~42.7 mmol/kg。     

Comprehensive study on dioxin contents in binder and anti-caking agent feed additives

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were determined in some additives widely employed as binder and anti-caking agents in feedstuffs, such as kaolin, bentonite, zeolite, etc. with an special attention on sepiolite samples. Owing to their physico-chemical properties, the little information of these materials reported in the literature, the variability of PCDDs/PCDFs found in a preliminary evaluation and the absence of reference materials highlighted further research needed. Therefore, an extensive study on the analytical procedures based on the classical methods was performed with sepiolite samples. The study includes evaluation of reproducibility and repeatibility. To this end, a series of intra-day and nine inter-day analysis were made. The methodolgy was also assessed against the sample size and series of 12.5, 25, 37.5 and 50 g were analyzed. In all cases, the results confirmed good correlation with the parameters evaluated.     

一种去除赤潮生物更有效的粘土种类

本文研究了产自我国江苏吴县的高岭土对我国主要赤潮生物种的絮凝作用。首次发现该高岭土的絮凝作用远远大于蒙脱土,是一种去除赤潮生物更有效的粘土种类。实验和理论计算证明该高岭土的主要成份是埃洛石或变埃洛石,其对赤潮生物细胞的吸引作用大于蒙脱土,故具有较强的絮凝能力。本文还考察了溶液pH、高岭土酸改性等对絮凝作用的影响,并与蒙脱土体系相比较,从理论上做了分析和解释,为其实际应用奠定了基础。