垃圾填埋场底土层污染状况调查

通过钻探取样对一个垃圾场底部支的污染状况进行了现场调查。结果表明，垃圾场下方浅层土壤已受到一定程度的污染，Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ、Ｈｇ、Ｃｒ等重元素污染较轻，ＮＨ３Ｎ、ＴＯＣ值较高。由于该场地下方粘土层的渗透系数很小，污染物的迁移距离在３０ｃｍ～４０ｃｍ左右，能较有效地防止垃圾中污染物的快速下渗适移。  

城市生活垃圾可生物降解有机质成分的测定

卫生填埋是我国现阶段最主要的城市生活垃圾处理方式,定量分析城市生活垃圾可生物降解有机质成分对于研究填埋垃圾的厌氧降解过程具有重要意义.通过一系列常规化学试验,利用抽提差重法、比色法及灼烧差重法,依次测定了垃圾中含水率,挥发分与灰分,脂肪类,易水解物与半纤维素,腐植酸,难水解物、不水解物与纤维素,木质素与固体残渣等成分,为入场垃圾可生化性评价及降解过程中固相成分变化的动态监测提供了一种简便快速的测定方法.  

Leachate Characterization and Assessment of Groundwater Pollution Near Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Site

Leachate and groundwater samples were collected from Gazipur landfill-site and its adjacent area to study the possible impact of leachate percolation on groundwater quality. Concentration of various physico-chemical parameters including heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn) and microbiological parameters (total coliform (TC) and faecal coliform (FC)) were determined in groundwater and leachate samples. The moderately high concentrations of Cl⁻, NO⁻ ₃, SO²⁻ ₄, NH⁺ ₄, Phenol, Fe, Zn and COD in groundwater, likely indicate that groundwater quality is being significantly affected by leachate percolation. Further they proved to be as tracers for groundwater contamination. The effect of depth and distance of the well from the pollution source was also investigated. The presence of TC and FC in groundwater warns for the groundwater quality and thus renders the associated aquifer unreliable for domestic water supply and other uses. Although some remedial measures are suggested to reduce further groundwater contamination via leachate percolation, the present study demand for the proper management of waste in Delhi.  

广州生活垃圾处理的思路与对策

简述了广州生活垃圾生成与处理的现状。指出了广州生活垃圾处理存在的主要问题,对广州市未来10 a—15 a生活垃圾产生量进行了预测。在对生活垃圾填埋和焚烧处理成本进行比较的基础上,提出了广州生活垃圾处理的行动内容。  

北京某垃圾填埋区空气细菌浓度及粒径分布特征

以北京市某垃圾填埋区中作业区和覆盖区的空气细菌为主要研究对象,研究四个季节空气细菌浓度及粒径分布特征,得出了以下结论:垃圾填埋区作业区空气细菌浓度四季变化特征较覆盖区显著,且空气细菌浓度高于覆盖区。垃圾填埋区作业区和覆盖区四季的空气细菌粒子主要分布在前4级中,且在第Ⅵ级(<1.0μm)中分布比例最小,但分布规律不完全相同。秋季作业区最易感染人体的空气细菌浓度最高。垃圾填埋区作业区和覆盖区空气细菌中值直径最小值均出现在夏季,最大值均出现在冬季。  

吹脱-水解酸化-SBR法处理垃圾渗滤液的试验研究

研究采用吹脱—水解酸化—SBR工艺处理含高浓度氨氮的垃圾渗滤液。结果表明，采用吹脱预处理可去除废水中60％以上的氨氮，有利于后续生物脱氮和脱碳的进行。生物水解酸化处理在降低废水CODCr值的同时，可以提高废水的可生化性。该方法将曝气期分为二段，并设置缺氧反硝化期，可明显提高氨氮的去除率。  

农村土壤利用城市生活垃圾施肥的调查研究

对城市生活垃圾和农村利用垃圾施肥及利用垃圾养殖蚯蚓的情况作了深入的调查研究.调查结果表明城市生活垃圾在一定条件下能为农业提供良好的有机肥料,改善农村土壤结构,提高土壤中多种肥分含量.根据本地城市生活垃圾特征和土地资源情况,堆肥和填埋相结合处理城市生活垃圾不失为符合山区实际的一种方法.  

Assessment of Pollution Near Landfill Site in Nagpur, India by Resistivity Imaging and GPR

Groundwater pollution in the vicinity of a landfill site in Nagpur, India is assessed with the help of resistivity imaging and GPR tools. The resistivity imaging survey indicates high conductive anomalies in the topsoil as well as the underlying fractured rocks. Significant reflections from the GPR records known as radargrams are extracted with the help of maximum peak module and Hilbert transform module in RADAN 6. These reflections can be attributed to presence of fractures, which are potential pathways for migration of the fluid. The geophysical findings are strengthened by the results of groundwater analysis from wells located close to the profile where resistivity and GPR survey have been carried out. The study has indicated the vulnerability of the unconfined aquifer underlying the predominantly clay layer.  

垃圾填埋场不同区域挥发性有机污染物季节变化特点

通过对北京某垃圾填埋场大气中不同区域挥发性有机污染物（VOCs）的定性和定量分析，研究了其中部分VOCs的季节性特点和浓度分布规律。结果表明，夏、冬2季分别检测出98种和86种化合物，有12种美国环保署（USEPA）优先控制污染物在夏、冬季样品中均有检出。夏季样品中VOCs的浓度大多比冬季高，有的甚至高1个数量级以上。采用不同卫生填埋技术的各代表性区域的臭气浓度也呈现出规律性变化。为加强科学管理，减少扩散，降低风险提供参考。  

预浓缩与GC-MS联用分析垃圾填埋场恶臭气体

采用预浓缩与气相色谱-质谱联用,建立了垃圾填埋场几种恶臭气体的分析方法。该法用SUMMA罐采集垃圾填埋场臭气,经预浓缩系统冷凝浓缩后,用GC-MS分析测定。几种臭气的检出限均低于3.0×10-3mg/m3,经6次重复测定,其相对标准偏差低于10%。该法已用于西安市江村沟垃圾填埋场臭气的采样分析。该法的应用增强了西安市对臭气的监测分析能力。