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1.
利用空气质量和气象要素的监测资料与再分析资料,分析了2016年G20峰会期间(2016年8月10日—9月20日)杭州及周边地区空气质量演变及区域特征,探讨了气象条件对G20峰会期间杭州空气质量的影响.结果表明:G20峰会管控期间,由于机动车排放大幅度降低,杭州NO_2浓度较管控前有所下降,对比周边城市降幅居于首位;而由于不利气象条件的影响,PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_2、CO和O_3浓度比管控前有不同程度的增长,但增幅相比周边城市较小,说明管控措施对杭州空气质量有一定的改善效果.9月7日管控措施结束后污染反弹现象明显.气象条件对杭州的空气质量有重要影响:在管控前,杭州晴热高温天气有利于O3的生成,偏东风相对洁净,污染传输较少;在管控期,杭州虽受到静稳天气和外来污染传输的影响,但得益于减排应急管控措施的有效实施,NO_2浓度下降幅度最大,其他污染物的增幅也较周边城市偏小;在管控后,气象条件不利于污染物的垂直扩散,受静稳天气和污染源恢复常态的影响,PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、NO_2、SO_2和CO出现了整个研究时段的最大值,而台风\"莫兰蒂\"使得杭州PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)和O_3浓度出现了整个研究时段的最低值. 相似文献
2.
利用泉州市空气自动监测站的监测资料,研究泉州市灰霾天气时PM2.5浓度与风速、温度、相对湿度等气象因素及能见度的关系.结果表明:泉州市灰霾天气期间往往会伴随气象因素及能见度的变化,灰霾发生前,风速降低,相对湿度减小,逆温层形成,能见度降低;灰霾结束前,风速增大,相对湿度趋于稳定,逆温层消失,能见度增大.灰霾发生时,PM2.5的浓度与风速、能见度基本呈负相关的关系,与相对湿度基本呈正相关关系.气象条件及能见度的变化可以为灰霾天气时污染状况的预判提供重要的参考. 相似文献
3.
PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)samples were collected at four major cities in the Pearl River Delta(PRD),South China,during winter and summer in 2002.Six water-soluble ions,Na~ ,NH_4~ ,K~ ,Cl~-,NO_3~- and SO_4~(2-)were measured using ion chromatography.On average,ionic species accounted for 53.3% and 40.5% for PM_(2.5)and PM_(10),respectively in winter and 39.4% and 35.2%,respectively in summer. Secondary ions such as sulfate,nitrate and ammonium accounted for the major part of the total ionic species.Sulfate was the most abundant species followed by nitrate.Overall,a regional pollution tendency was shown that there were higher concentrations of sulfate, nitrate and ammonium in Guangzhou City than those in the other PRD cities.Significant seasonal variations were also observed with higher levels of species in winter but lower in summer.The Asian monsoon system was favorable for removal and diffusion of air pollutants in PRD in summer while highly loading of local industrial emissions tended to deteriorate the air quality as well.NO_3~-/SO_4~(2-) ratio indicated that mobile sources have considerably contribution to the urban aerosol,and stationary sources should not be neglected. Besides the primary emissions,complex atmospheric reactions under favorable weather conditions should be paid more attention for the control of primary emission in the PRD region. 相似文献
4.
利用表面活性剂TritonX-100建立一种提取和测定氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌(Gluconobacter oxydans)L-山梨糖脱氢酶(L-sorbose dehydrogenaseSDH)活性的简便方法,最适提取条件为:TritonX-100浓度ψ(Triton)/%=0.3。提取温度θ=4℃,处理时间t/h=6-10h;用于提取的菌悬液D550nm范围0.090-0.252。该方法提取效率为细胞碎片法的97.83%。图2表2参7 相似文献
5.
为明确建筑电气火灾事故发生的直接原因,采用事故致因“2-4”模型分析40起典型建筑电气火灾事故,并分类和统计出直接原因中不安全动作和不安全物态。从火源产生、火势发展、安全管理及人员配备、自救、救援、灭火等6个方面分析不安全动作,获得不安全动作的出现频数、人员违章状况、动作执行者及不安全物态的出现频数、各类不安全物态占不安全物态总数比例等统计数据。研究结果表明:不安全动作35类共412个,其中采取灭火措施不当、违规存储使用易燃易爆、可燃物品和未组织消防安全宣传教育培训这些不安全动作的发生频率位于前3位;不安全物态3类共127项,其中出现频率较高的是聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料等易燃可燃货物和电气线路短路。 相似文献
6.
Romina P. Pizzolitto María R. Armando Mariana Combina Lilia R. Cavaglieri Ana M. Dalcero Mario A. Salvano 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(10):933-941
In this study the aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) removal capacity, the tolerance to salivary and gastrointestinal conditions, autoaggregation and coaggregation with pathogenic bacteria of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from broiler feces, were evaluated. Only four of twelve isolated strains were identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae using molecular techniques. The results obtained in AFB1 binding studies indicated that the amount of AFB1 removed was both strain and mycotoxin-concentration dependent. Therefore, a theoretical model was applied in order to select the most efficient strain to remove AFB1 in a wide range of mycotoxin concentration. The results indicated that S. cerevisiae 08 and S. cerevisiae 01 strains were the most efficient microorganisms in the mycotoxin removal. Viability on simulated salivary and gastrointestinal conditions was investigated and S. cerevisiae 08 strain showed the best results, achieving 98% of total survival whereas S. cerevisiae 01 reached only 75%. Autoaggregation and coaggregation assays showed S. cerevisiae 08 as the most appropriate strain, mainly because it was the unique strain able to coaggregate with the four bacterial pathogens assayed. Consequently, S. cerevisiae 08 is the best candidate for future in vivo studies useful to prevent aflatoxicosis. Further quantitative in vitro and in vivo studies are required to evaluate the real impact of yeast-binding activity on the bioavailability of AFB1 in poultry. However, this study could be useful in selecting efficient strains in terms of AFB1 binding and provide an important contribution to research into microorganisms with potential probiotic effects on the host. 相似文献
7.
Yu-hang Zhou Wei-xi Huang Zhen-yuan Nie Hong-chang Liu Yue Liu Can Wang Jin-lan Xia Wen-sheng Shu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2024,36(3):681-700
Arsenic(As)speciation transformation in acid mine drainage(AMD)is comprehensively af-fected by biological and abiotic factors,such as microbially mediated Fe/S redox reactions and changes in environmental conditions(pH and oxidation-reduction potential).However,their combined impacts on arsenic speciation transformation remain poorly studied.There-fore,we explored arsenic transformation and immobilization during pyrite dissolution me-diated by AMD enrichment culture under different acidic pH conditions.The results for incubation and mineralogical transformation of solid residues show that in the presence of AMD enrichment culture,pH 2.0,2.5,and 3.0 are more conducive to the formation of jarosites and ferric arsenate,which could immobilize high quantities of dissolved arsenic by adsorption and coprecipitation.The pH conditions significantly affect the initial adsorp-tion of microbial cells to the minerals and the evolution of microbial community structure,further influencing the biodissolution of pyrite and the release and oxidation process of Fe/S.The results of Fe/S/As speciation transformation of the solid residues show that the transformation of Fe,S,and As in solution is mainly regulated by pH and potential values,which imposed significantly different effects on the formation of secondary minerals and thus arsenic oxidation and immobilization.The above results indicated that arsenic trans-formation is closely related to the Fe/S oxidation associated with pyrite bio-oxidation,and this correlation is critically regulated by the pH conditions of the system. 相似文献
8.
9.
Weather station measurements were used to force the SNOWPACK snow model and combined with reindeer herders’ experiences to study the local and regional variations in snow conditions in a Finnish reindeer herding area for the 1981–2010 period. Winter conditions varied significantly between the four selected herding districts and between open and forest environments within the districts. The highest snow depths and densities, the thicknesses of ground ice, and the lengths of snow cover period were generally found in the northernmost districts. The snow depths showed the strongest regional coherence, whereas the thicknesses of ground ice were weakly correlated among the districts. The local variation in snow depths was higher than the regional variation and limits for rare or exceptional events varied notably between different districts and environments. The results highlight that forests diversify snow and foraging conditions, e.g., ground ice rarely forms simultaneously in different environments. Sufficient and diverse forest pastures are important during the critical winter season if reindeer herding is pursued on natural grazing grounds also in the future. 相似文献
10.
以选取微生物絮凝剂的廉价培养基为研究目的,从活性污泥中筛选微生物絮凝剂产生菌,选取白醋废水为廉价培养基代替发酵培养基对菌种进行培养,通过单因素培养条件优化,考察了不同体积分数废水、外加碳源、外加氮源、培养时间和pH值对微生物絮凝剂产生菌的絮凝率的影响,通过P-B筛选与响应面分析相结合用于优化白醋培养基培养条件,并对实际造纸废水进行处理研究。实验结果表明,经过预处理灭菌后,单独以白醋废水作为廉价培养基,最适条件为体积分数80%、转速140 r·min-1、培养时间48 h、温度32℃、pH 6.88、磷酸氢二钾4.08 g·L-1、氯化铵2.39 g·L-1,并对造纸废水加以处理,絮凝率达96.77%,COD去除率56.13%,色度去除率95.60%。因此,利用白醋废水作为微生物絮凝剂的替代培养基是完全可行的,并且可以用于实际废水的处理,达到以废治废的目的。 相似文献