Large-scale mercury variations in Lake Vänern (Sweden) 1974-98

Lake V?nern, the largest lake in Sweden, has been seriously contaminated with mercury during the 20th century. In the 1970's and 80's the direct load, mainly from a chlor-alkali industry in the area, of mercury was drastically reduced as a response to new legislation, from three to five tons down to between five and ten kg yr(-1). Large amounts of the disposed pollutant have accumulated in the sediments. The question posed in this work is now, is the effect of the drastic load reduction after more than two decades visible in the sediments? The question is relevant as large areas still are blacklisted for fishing, but also as a follow-up of a major remedy action. The lake also serves as a freshwater reservoir for even Sweden's second largest city. This work synthesises and compares data of mercury in the sediments from three major field programs, in 1974, 1984 and 1998. The interest is focused on both spatial heterogeneity and temporal trends. In 1974, the surface concentrations are significantly higher than in subsequent surveys. Significant differences are also found between 1984 and 1998. Significant spatial differences within the lake are found for respective year. The most contaminated area is located in the north, close to the major point source (a former chlor-alkali industry). This is also the area with the largest improvement, as a direct response to the reduction in load. Further from the outlet, the recovery is more affected by burial and transport processes out into the deeper basins.     

Exposure Assessment to Mercury Vapor in Chloralkali Industry

The aim of the study was to develop a sampling method aimed at individual sampling of mercury vapor and subsequent individualexposure assessment of the worker. Hopcalite available fromInowrocawskie Zakady Chemiczne (in Poland) was founduseful for mercury vapor sampling in active and passive individual samplers. However the sampling rate determined forpassive sampler in steady-state laboratory chamber cannot be usedunder fluctuating conditions of mercury vapor concentration andair movement typical for field measurement. In order to check comparativeness of passive and active sampling methods, sampleswere taken in the same time and individual samplers fixed toworker's clothes were used. Mercury vapor concentration wasmeasured at two chloralkali industries in Poland and the resultswere presented. Excessive exposure in both industries wasconfirmed by finding elevated mercury concentration in urinesamples from the workers.     

Gold mining in Siberia and the Far East as a source of mercury contamination of the environment

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＳｉｂｅｒｉａａｎｄｔｈｅＦａｒＥａｓｔａｒｅｔｈｅｏｌｄｅｓｔａｎｄｔｈｅｒｉｃｈｅｓｔｇｏｌｄ ｍｉｎｉｎｇａｒｅａｓｏｆＲｕｓｓｉａ .Ｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｖｅｇｏｌｄ ｍｉｎｉｎｇｈｅｒｅｓｔａｒｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｂｅｇｉｎｎｉｎｇｏｆｔｈｅ 19ｔｈｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ(Ｖｙａｚｅｌｓｈｃｈｉｋｏｖ ,1963) .Ｆｏｒｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｐａｒｔｇｏｌｄ ｂｅａｒｉｎｇｏｒｅｓａｎｄｓａｎｄｓｗｅｒｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｕｓｅｏｆａｍａｌｇａｍａｔｉｏｎｍｅｔｈｏｄｆｏｒｇｏｌｄｅ…     

Mercury consumption and contamination of environment in gold mining in China

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｇｏｌｄｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙｉｎＣｈｉｎａｇｒｏｗｓｕｐｑｕｉｃｋｌｙｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｇｒｏｗｔｈｒａｔｅｏｆａｂｏｕｔ 10 %ｓｉｎｃｅ 90’ｓ.Ｉｎ 1995,ｔｈｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｇｏｌｄｗａｓｏｖｅｒ10 0ｔｏｎｓ/ａ,ａｎｄｉｎ 1996ｒｅａｃｈｅｄ 12 0ｔｏｎｓ/ａ .Ｉｔｉｓｒａｎｋｅｄｓｉｘｔｈｉｎｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ(Ｃｈａｎｇ ,1995) .Ｔｈｅｉｒｍａｉｎｐｒｏｃｅｄｕｒｅｓｏｆｇｏｌｄｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎａｒｅ :(1)ｃｙａｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｏｔａｌｏｒｅ ｃａｒｂｏ…     

冷原子吸收光度法测定工业用浓盐酸中痕量汞

通过进样管道的设计,可能存在的干扰,以及工作参数的详细研究,建立了用冷原子吸收光度法直接测定工业用浓盐酸中痕量汞的分析方法。实际样品测定结果表明,该方法可靠,准确可行。     

甲基汞对大鼠脑一氧化氮合酶,丙二醛和即刻早期基因的影响

为了寻找甲基汞神经毒性检测和评价效应指标以及探讨甲基汞神经毒性分子机制,对大鼠进行氯化甲基汞(MMC)急性暴露(对照组为0.9％生理盐水、暴露组浓度为0.05mg/kg),20min后对大鼠进行生理生化指标和即早基因的检测,大鼠大脑中枢神经系统的神经递质一氧化氮合酶活力采用一氧化氮合酶(NOS)测定试剂盒检测;自由基脂质过氧化产物丙二醛含量采用硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)比色法检测;即刻早期基因c-fos表达的变化采用免疫组化方法检测。结果表明,在暴露氯化甲基汞(MMC)20min后,大鼠大脑中枢神经系统的一氧化氮合酶活力、自由基脂质过氧化产物丙二醛含量以及即刻早期基因(IEG)c-fos蛋白阳性表达数量都有提高。但其中一氧化氮合酶活力及自由基脂质过氧化产物丙二醛含量同对照组相比没有显著性差异;而即刻早期基因c-fos的阳性表达同对照组相比有极显著性差异(P<0.01)。据此可以推测,即刻早期基因能作为甲基汞神经毒性检测和评价效应指标,一氧化氮合酶、丙二醛和即刻早期基因在甲基汞神经毒性过程中具有重要作用。     

南京市郊区雾天大气污染及雾水中Hg的特征

根据南京市郊区雾的外场实验观测资料及采集的雾水样品分析,探讨南京市郊区雾水中Hg和雾天大气污染特征.郊区出现雾天时,不利于大气污染物的扩散,造成PM10,CO和总烃浓度先增加后降低,污染物浓度的变化与雾的生消基本同步;雾消散后SO2,PM10和NOx的浓度比雾前高2.5-10倍.雾水中汞浓度在2.956-7.205 μg·l-1范围内,平均为5.471 μg·l-1,浓度高值出现在雾的维持阶段;对Hg与大气污染物之间的关系作相关分析,其中汞与大气中CO的相关系数为0.939,说明其具有同源性.     

两次金汞齐—冷原子吸收光谱法测定大气中的痕量气态总汞

本文作者在已有仪器的基础上进行简单改装,建立了两次金汞齐—冷原子吸收光谱法测定大气中的微量气态总汞的方法。研究表明,这种方法最低检出限为０．０５ｎｇ;１００μｌ饱和汞蒸气连续测定结果表明其相对标准偏差＜１．４１％。在０～２．０ｎｇ汞量范围内标准工作曲线线性关系良好。运用该法,对贵州省万山汞矿、丹寨汞矿、清镇汞污染农田、省农科院和中国科学院地球化学研究所等地大气气态总汞进行了测定。这种分析方法还可以运用到其它环境样品微量汞的测定。     

Characteristic and mercury adsorption of activated carbon produced by CO2 of chicken waste

Preparation of activated carbon from chicken waste is a promising way to produce a useful adsorbent for Hg removal. A three-stage activation process （drying at 200℃, pyrolysis in N2 atmosphere, followed by CO2 activation） was used for the production of activated samples. The effects of carbonization temperature （409-4500℃）, activation temperature （700-900℃）, and activation time （1-2.5 h） on the physicochemical properties （weight-loss and BET surface） of the prepared carbon wereinvestigated. Adsorptive removal of mercury from real flue gas onto activated carbon has been studied. The activated carbon from chicken waste has the same mercury capacity as commercial activated carbon （Darco LH） （Hg^v： 38.7% vs. 53.5%, Hg^0： 50.5% vs. 68.8%）, although its surface area is around 10 times smaller, 89.5 m^2/g vs. 862 m^2/g. The low cost activated carbon can be produced from chicken waste, and the procedure is suitable.     

夏秋季宁波市气态元素汞(GEM)污染特征及潜在源区贡献分析

气态元素汞(gaseous elemental mercury,GEM)是普遍存在于大气中的对生物体有害的重金属元素其化学性质稳定,在大气中停留时间长,可随气团长距离输送属于全球性污染物.本研究于2017年夏秋季对宁波市大气GEM、常规污染物和气象参数进行综合观测,研究沿海地区GEM受人为源和自然源共同作用下的迁移转化规律及潜在源贡献来源.结果表明:①观测期间大气GEM的平均质量浓度为(2.32±0.90) ng·m^-3,变化范围为0.97～10.95 ng·m^-3,且夏季低于秋季.②GEM、O₃和GOM在夏季、秋季、晴天和阴雨天的日内浓度变化表明,高浓度的O₃和强烈的光照可加速GEM发生光化学反应,GEM在晴天的光化学氧化强度高于阴雨天.③相关性分析表明,GEM与PM_2.5(R=0.65,P<0.01)、PM₁₀(R=0.47,P<0.01)、NO₂(R=0.46,P<0.01)和CO(R=0.57,P<0....