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排序方式: 共有1211条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
为了评估智慧档案馆的安全状况,预防安全事故发生,通过分析智慧档案馆的安全因素,构建了由8个一级指标、38个二级指标构成的智慧档案馆安全评估指标体系,并将信息熵理论和物元可拓理论有机结合,构建了智慧档案馆安全熵权物元多级可拓评估理论模型。应用该指标体系和理论模型对某档案馆进行了实证研究,得出其安全等级为V级(安全),为该馆针对性地提出了加强安全工作的整改建议。评估结果与实际情况一致,验证了该评估指标体系和评估理论模型的正确性和可靠性。  相似文献   
2.
为了研究聚乙烯(PE)管道热熔孔洞缺陷与寿命之间的关系,基于Ansys软件对埋地状态下的含有热熔孔洞缺陷的PE管道进行应力分析,得到了含热熔孔洞缺陷的PE管道在不同内压下的最大Mises应力、环向应力和径向应力的变化数据;依据应力分析数据,使用Matlab编写程序,根据Suleiman双曲本构模型对PE管道进行了寿命预测。研究结果表明:含有热熔孔洞缺陷的PE管道,其最大应力随管道内压的增大而增大,寿命随着管道内压和缺陷体积的增大而减少,含缺陷管道寿命和内压关系可使用双对数函数来进行描述;使用应力分析和寿命预测相结合的方法,可以得到不同缺陷的PE管道寿命-内压关系式。  相似文献   
3.
为准确掌握大口径管道的轴向应力应变状态,保障管道的安全运行,通过假定4类不同形式的软土沉降位移,研究不同沉降形式对管道轴向应力状态的影响。采用非线性有限元方法建立管道轴向应力应变参数化数值计算模型,开展影响因素分析。结果表明:针对软土沉降位移作用下1 422 mm X80大口径管道,沉降量相同时,突变型位移载荷作用下管道受到的轴向应力最大,最大轴向应力位于两侧非沉降区距管道中心约53 m处;软土沉降量达到工程实际中可能的最大值1 m时,大口径X80管道内轴向应力小于0.9倍管材屈服强度,管道环焊缝可以采用基于应力的工程适用性评估方法开展ECA(Engineering Critical Assessment)评价。  相似文献   
4.
为研究震损RC柱采用FRP(Fiber Reinforced Polymer,FRP)加固修复后的抗震性能,本文基于OpenSees仿真平台,根据震后RC柱的表观损伤状态提出FRP加固震损RC柱的有限元模型建立方法。对FRP加固震损RC柱进行5120种工况的Pushover分析,采用三折线荷载-位移骨架曲线,研究损伤状态对骨架曲线特征点参数的影响规律,并通过数据回归分析提出FRP加固震损RC柱的骨架曲线计算模型。分析结果表明:损伤会降低FRP加固RC柱的承载力及刚度,且降低程度随损伤指数的增大而增加,两者近似成抛物线关系;在DS-5损伤状态下,相比于FRP加固完好RC柱,FRP加固震损RC柱的屈服承载力P y、峰值承载力P c、弹性刚度K 1、弹塑性刚度K 2及下降段刚度K 3的均值下降17.9%、14.5%、41.8%、43.1%和19.9%;损伤对FRP加固RC柱弹性刚度和弹塑性刚度的降低程度明显高于屈服承载力和峰值承载力;文中提出的FRP加固震损RC柱骨架曲线计算模型具有较高精度。  相似文献   
5.
利用中山大学环境气象综合观测车(载有3D可视型激光雷达、多普勒风廓线激光雷达、转动拉曼温廓线激光雷达)于2018年冬季在全国范围内(厦门-北京)的走航观测资料,对我国中东部不同地区和城市的边界层结构以及颗粒物分布特征进行了研究.结果表明:(1)在从南向北走航的过程中,边界层内各个高度的温度以及边界层高度呈下降趋势.(2)不同高度发生颗粒物污染的气象成因有所差别,其中1000 m高度左右发生颗粒物污染的主要成因是较高的水平风速将周围地区的颗粒物输送过来而导致;500 m及近地面附近发生颗粒物污染主要是由水平风速较小导致局地来源的颗粒物堆积以及上游地区颗粒物的输送两者共同作用.(3)逆温结构和上升气流会导致颗粒物在边界层顶堆积,而下沉气流使得颗粒物由在某一高度堆积扩散至整层均匀分布.  相似文献   
6.
王举  李婧  陈荣  沈莹 《生态毒理学报》2018,13(5):226-234
针对磷和微量元素对藻类生长的共同作用,研究不同磷源条件下锌对藻细胞生长与产毒的影响。实验选用铜绿微囊藻为藻种,分别以无机磷磷酸氢二钾(K_2HPO_4)、小分子有机磷甘油磷酸钠(NaGly)和大分子有机磷卵磷脂(LEC)为磷源,研究不同锌(Zn~(2+))含量对藻细胞的藻密度、碱性磷酸酶活性(alkaline phosphatase activity,APA)以及胞内藻毒素(MC-LR)的影响。研究发现:以NaGly为磷源时微量元素锌对藻细胞生长的促进效果显著,而以K_2HPO_4或LEC为磷源时,锌含量的变化对藻细胞生长无显著影响。APA不仅与磷源有关而且与锌含量相关,以LEC为磷源时的APA显著高于以K_2HPO_4或NaGly为磷源时的APA,且锌含量越低APA越低,以K_2HPO_4为磷源时锌含量越低APA越高,而锌对以NaGly为磷源时的APA几乎没有影响。磷源与微量元素锌对藻细胞的产毒均产生影响,NaGly有利于藻毒素的产生; LEC不利于藻细胞的产毒,但锌含量越低藻细胞的产毒量越多。综上所述,磷源与微量元素锌共同作用对藻细胞的生长与产毒产生影响,小分子有机磷NaGly与锌的效果显著。  相似文献   
7.
Objective: A 3-phase real-world motor vehicle crash (MVC) reconstruction method was developed to analyze injury variability as a function of precrash occupant position for 2 full-frontal Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) cases.

Method: Phase I: A finite element (FE) simplified vehicle model (SVM) was developed and tuned to mimic the frontal crash characteristics of the CIREN case vehicle (Camry or Cobalt) using frontal New Car Assessment Program (NCAP) crash test data. Phase II: The Toyota HUman Model for Safety (THUMS) v4.01 was positioned in 120 precrash configurations per case within the SVM. Five occupant positioning variables were varied using a Latin hypercube design of experiments: seat track position, seat back angle, D-ring height, steering column angle, and steering column telescoping position. An additional baseline simulation was performed that aimed to match the precrash occupant position documented in CIREN for each case. Phase III: FE simulations were then performed using kinematic boundary conditions from each vehicle's event data recorder (EDR). HIC15, combined thoracic index (CTI), femur forces, and strain-based injury metrics in the lung and lumbar vertebrae were evaluated to predict injury.

Results: Tuning the SVM to specific vehicle models resulted in close matches between simulated and test injury metric data, allowing the tuned SVM to be used in each case reconstruction with EDR-derived boundary conditions. Simulations with the most rearward seats and reclined seat backs had the greatest HIC15, head injury risk, CTI, and chest injury risk. Calculated injury risks for the head, chest, and femur closely correlated to the CIREN occupant injury patterns. CTI in the Camry case yielded a 54% probability of Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 2+ chest injury in the baseline case simulation and ranged from 34 to 88% (mean = 61%) risk in the least and most dangerous occupant positions. The greater than 50% probability was consistent with the case occupant's AIS 2 hemomediastinum. Stress-based metrics were used to predict injury to the lower leg of the Camry case occupant. The regional-level injury metrics evaluated for the Cobalt case occupant indicated a low risk of injury; however, strain-based injury metrics better predicted pulmonary contusion. Approximately 49% of the Cobalt occupant's left lung was contused, though the baseline simulation predicted 40.5% of the lung to be injured.

Conclusions: A method to compute injury metrics and risks as functions of precrash occupant position was developed and applied to 2 CIREN MVC FE reconstructions. The reconstruction process allows for quantification of the sensitivity and uncertainty of the injury risk predictions based on occupant position to further understand important factors that lead to more severe MVC injuries.  相似文献   
8.
The aim of this work is to determine the influence of operating parameters such as the dispersion pressure, the ignition delay and height on the dust flammability. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation, based on an Euler–Lagrange approach, was developed with Ansys Fluent™ and validated experimentally. Such analysis will facilitate the choice of the most conservative conditions for a flammability test. This paper is focused on a case study performed on wheat starch with the modified Hartmann tube. The dispersion process of the powder was studied with granulometric analyses performed in situ and high speed videos. Tests were performed with injections at gas pressure ranging from 3 to 6 bars and the evolution of the particle size distribution (PSD) was recorded at different ignition heights (5, 10 and 15 cm over the dispersion nozzle). The observations highlighted the presence of agglomeration/deagglomeration processes and dust segregation. Besides, a CFD simulation analysis was aimed at evaluating the impact of a set of parameters on the PSD and the local turbulence, which are closely linked to some flammability parameters. For this computational analysis, the CFD simulation was coupled with a collision treatment based on a Discrete Element Method (DEM) in order to consider the cohesive behavior of the combustible dust. Thus the results suggest performing the injection of the gases at approximately 5 bars for the flammability tests of wheat starch in order to obtain the finest PSD at a given ignition height. It is also shown that the finest PSD are obtained at 5 cm over the dispersion nozzle. However, the local instabilities and turbulence levels are so high during the first stages of the dispersion that the flame growth can be disturbed for short ignition delays. Moreover, the stabilization of the bulk of the dust cloud requires longer periods of time when the ignition sources are located at 15 cm. As a result, the recommended height to perform a flammability test is 10 cm in this case. Finally, this study proposes some tools that might improve the procedure of dust flammability testing.  相似文献   
9.
高台阶排土场下游常分布有居民区、厂房等,一旦垮塌,后果严重,因此完善的防治与应急准备工作十分关键,而排土场垮塌影响范围的预测是这些工作的重要前提依据。为提升高台阶排土场垮塌影响范围的预测准确性,需要获取准确的地形边界基础数据。通过利用三维激光扫描仪对新建排土场及其下游地形精细扫描,对获取的三维点云数据去噪、拼接、建模等处理,生成精度更高的数字高程模型与三维实体模型。在此基础上,结合新建高台阶排土场地质勘查与设计资料,建立颗粒离散元数值模型,利用PFC3D计算高台阶排土场垮塌影响范围,并与经验公式法计算结果对比分析,结果表明排土场颗粒离散元数值模型精度符合要求,可快速、准确地计算影响范围,从而为相关部门提供科学决策依据。  相似文献   
10.
Objective: A novel anthropomorphic test device (ATD) representative of the 50th percentile male soldier is being developed to predict injuries to a vehicle occupant during an underbody blast (UBB). The main objective of this study was to develop and validate a finite element (FE) model of the ATD lower limb outfitted with a military combat boot and to insert the validated lower limb into a model of the full ATD and simulate vertical loading experiments.

Methods: A Belleville desert combat boot model was assigned contacts and material properties based on previous experiments. The boot model was fit to a previously developed model of the barefoot ATD. Validation was performed through 6 matched pair component tests conducted on the Vertically Accelerated Loads Transfer System (VALTS). The load transfer capabilities of the FE model were assessed along with the force-mitigating properties of the boot. The booted lower limb subassembly was then incorporated into a whole-body model of the ATD. Two whole-body VALTS experiments were simulated to evaluate lower limb performance in the whole body.

Results: The lower limb model accurately predicted axial loads measured at heel, tibia, and knee load cells during matched pair component tests. Forces in booted simulations were compared to unbooted simulations and an amount of mitigation similar to that of experiments was observed. In a whole-body loading environment, the model kinematics match those recorded in experiments. The shape and magnitude of experimental force–time curves were accurately predicted by the model. Correlation between the experiments and simulations was backed up by high objective rating scores for all experiments.

Conclusion: The booted lower limb model is accurate in its ability to articulate and transfer loads similar to the physical dummy in simulated underbody loading experiments. The performance of the model leads to the recommendation to use it appropriately as an alternative to costly ATD experiments.  相似文献   

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