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An increase in the chemical oxygen demand (COD) has been noticed in most Korean reservoirs. Therefore, this research systematically investigated the causes of organic accumulation. Samples of soil affecting the quality of water of reservoirs were collected at various sources and analyzed for their organic characteristics. The COD to biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) ratio was used as the key parameter in the evaluation of non-biodegradable (NBD) organic accumulation in the reservoirs. Soil samples containing plant roots were agitated, with the supernatant showing COD/BOD ratios of less than 2.8, while those of the composted tree leaves were greater than 5.0, suggesting that humic substances produced in forest areas are a major cause of NBD organic accumulation in reservoirs. In addition, the organic fractionation of the leachate from leaching tests showed that of the various types of hydrophobic natural organic matter (NOM), the larger molecular weight humic acid makes a greater contribution than fulvic acid to the increase in the NBD COD in Korean reservoirs. 相似文献
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EMMC process for combined removal of organics, nitrogen and an odor producing substance 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In order to improve the process performance regarding the removal of organics, nitrogen, and an odor-causing compound (sulfide) contained in domestic wastewater, an entrapped-mixed-microbial cell (EMMC) with and without humic substances for both fixed and moving carrier reactors and conventional suspended growth culture (i.e. conventional activated sludge process) were investigated simultaneously. Both synthetic (simulated to the organics concentration of general domestic sewage) and actual domestic wastewater were investigated under operational conditions of 12 h of hydraulic retention time (HRT) with 1 h of aeration and 1 h of non-aeration, and 6 h of HRT with continuous aeration, at a room temperature of 25 +/- 2 degrees C. It was found that entrapping humic substances in the EMMC carriers had no impact on the removal of organics, nitrogen, and the odor-producing compound. Additionally, the performance of the EMMC moving carrier system for the removal of these pollutants is similar to that of the EMMC fixed carrier system. In general, the EMMC associated systems which provide high solids retention time achieve a better removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen, and the odor-producing substance than the suspended growth system for both HRTs of 6 h (continuous aeration) and 12 h (1 h of aeration and 1 h of non-aeration). Both the fixed and moving carrier EMMC processes, therefore, have the potential for improvement or replacement of the existing conventional activated sludge process with regard to improving the effluent qualities (such as COD, nitrogen and odor-producing compound) for reuse/disposal. 相似文献
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焦化废水中有机物在A1-A2-O系统各段的降解与转化 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
在厌氧酸化-缺氧-好氧(A1-A2-O)生物膜系统小试装置中处理焦化废水,以探讨有机物在各阶段的降解与转化情况。通过UV吸收光谱及GC/MS分析发现,上海焦化厂废水中的有机组分主要为:甲酚、苯酚、二甲酚等酚类化合物,及以喹啉、吲哚为代表的含氮杂环化合物,约占有机物总量的90%。经A1-A2-O生物膜系统处理后,大部分有毒有害难降解有机物得到了降解和转化。厌氧段中原有物质浓度的增加和新物质的生成,是厌氧酸化使部分有机物降解产生中间产物而造成;缺氧段使大部分有机物被完全降解或转化,还产生一些新的简单有机物,如卤代烃、酯类、醛类等;经好氧段反应后,有机物进一步降解和转化,部分被完全去除,在降解转化过程中又产生了一些中间产物和衍生物,如苯酚、羟基喹啉等。 相似文献
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Treatment of tannery wastewater in a pilot-scale hybrid constructed wetland system in Bangladesh 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
This paper reports the pollutant removal performances of a hybrid wetland system in Bangladesh for the treatment of a tannery wastewater. The system consisted of three treatment stages: a subsurface vertical flow (VF) wetland, followed by a horizontal flow (HF) and a VF wetland. The wetlands were planted with common reed (Phragmites australis), but employed different media, including organic coco-peat, cupola slag and pea gravel. In the first stage, experimental results demonstrated significant removal of ammonia (52%), nitrate (54%), BOD (78%), and COD (56%) under high organics loading rate (690 g COD m−2 d−1); simultaneous nitrification, denitrification, and organics degradation were attributed to the unique characteristics of the coco-peat media, which allowed greater atmospheric oxygen transfer for nitrification and organic degradation, and supply of organic carbon for denitrification. The second stage HF wetland produced an average PO4 removal of 61%, primarily due to adsorption by the iron-rich cupola slag media. In the third treatment stage, which was filled with gravel media, further BOD removal (78%) from the tannery wastewater depleted organic carbon, causing the accumulation of NO3 in the wastewater. Overall, the average percentage removals of NH3-N, NO3-N, BOD, COD, and PO4 were 86%, 50%, 98%, 98% and 87%, respectively, across the whole hybrid system. The results provided a strong evidence to support widespread research and application of the constructed wetland as a low-cost, energy-efficient, wastewater treatment technology in Bangladesh. 相似文献
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Along with increased activity in source sampling for organics, there have been many improvements in the methods of acquiring samples. Much has been learned about how best to proceed, and a number of potentially serious pitfalls have been discovered, characterized, and circumvented. Unfortunately, communication of all of this new technology has not always been effective. This paper reviews some of the more important fundamental principles involved in stack sampling for organics, briefly describes and discusses recently developed equipment, and points out a few of the more serious pitfalls to be avoided. Extensive references are provided, many of which are often overlooked by newcomers to the field. The conclusion is reached that it is possible to consistently obtain high‐quality samples of organic materials from stationary source stacks, even though knowledge and caution are necessary. 相似文献
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臭氧/高锰酸盐预氧化对生物过滤净水效能的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
比较了臭氧(O3)和高锰酸盐复合药剂(PPC)对水源水预氧化的助凝效果及其对后续陶粒生物过滤净水效能的影响.结果表明,两种预氧化剂投加量均为2 mg/L时,PPC的助凝效果较为明显,浊度和溶解性有机碳(DOC)的去除率分别由未投加氧化剂时的85.7%和24.2%提高到88.3Z和35.2%;O3能够增加沉淀后水的可生化性,使特征紫外吸光度(SUVA)由0.97L/(m·mg)降至0.89 L/(m·mg).PPC预氧化有助于生物过滤对浊度的稳定去除,而O3预氧化则有助于生物过滤对DOC的去除.与O3预氧化相比,PPC预氧化有利于后续生物过滤运行初期对NH4 -N的去除,二者后续生物过滤在前3个月对NH4 -N的平均去除率分别为26.6%和73.1%,运行后期二者NH4 -N去除率接近.当进水NH4 -N大于2.0 mg/L时,DO是其去除的主要限制因素. 相似文献