矿物材料吸附去除污水中磷的试验研究

采用粉煤灰、高岭土、泥渣(取电厂澄清池排泥作脱水干燥处理)作为吸附剂深度处理污水中的磷,对比分析了3种吸附剂的吸附速度、吸附性能及除磷效果。结果表明:粉煤灰和高岭土用时20 min完成对磷的有效吸附,沉降泥渣用时5 min即可实现同等吸附效果;沉降泥渣对污水中磷的吸附能力较好,投加量为0.2 g/L的泥渣对磷的去除率可达98.1%,而投加量为0.2 g/L粉煤灰或高岭土对磷的去除率仅达到77.2%。     

浅议影响污水生物除磷的因素

针对目前水体富营养化严重，污水除磷要求高的现状，着重分析阐述了在目前条件下的对污水生物除磷产生较显著影响的因素，如，溶解氧及氧化还原电位，硝酸盐，泥龄，进水营养比等，以期对生产实践有所帮助。     

钙镁磷肥对土壤中镉形态转化与水稻吸镉的影响

酸性镉污染水田施用不同用量的钙镁磷肥的田间试验表明:土壤中交换态镉的分配系数随钙镁磷肥用量的增加而降低,呈显著负相关(r,-0.9314);碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态镉的分配系数则呈显著正相关(r,0,9395)。而土壤中有效态镉含量与钙镁磷肥用量则呈显著负相关(r,-0.8853)。镉污染水田一次性投加高量钙镁磷肥后,可使土壤pH显著升高,交换态镉分配系数明显下降,碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态镉分配系数明显升高,导致土壤中有效态镉含量大幅度下降,从而大大减少水稻植株的吸镉量。     

Adsorptive removal of phosphate by the bimetallic hydroxide nanocomposites embedded in pomegranate peel

This study aimed to fabricate new and effective material for the efficiency of phosphate adsorption. Two types of adsorbent materials, the zirconium hydroxides embedded in pomegranate peel (Zr/Peel) and zirconium-lanthanum hydroxides embedded in pomegranate peel (Zr–La/Peel) were developed. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) were evaluated to give insight into the physicochemical properties of these adsorbents. Zr–La/Peel exceeded the adsorption efficiency of Zr/Peel adsorbents in batch adsorption experiments at the same pH level. The peel as a host can strive to have a strong “shielding effect” to increase the steadiness of the entrenched Zr and La elements. La and Zr are hydroxide metals that emit many hydrogen ions during the hydrolysis reaction, which contribute to protonation and electrostatic attraction. The highest adsorption capacity of La–Zr/Peel for phosphate was calculated to be 40.21 mg/g, and pseudo second-order equation is very well fitted for kinetic adsorption. Phosphate adsorption efficiency was reduced by an increase of pH. With the background of coexisting Cl^?, little effect on adsorption efficiency was observed, while adsorption capacities were reduced by almost 20–30% with the coexistence of ${{\text{SO}}_4}^{2?}$, ${{\text{NO}}_3}^{?}$ and humic acid (HA).     

磷肥厂烘干磨高压静电除尘技术及应用

本文根据高压静电除尘的原理,磷肥厂烘干磨粉尘的特性分析,以及作者本人的工作实践,探讨了高压静电除尘技术在磷肥厂烘干磨粉尘治理中应用的可行性。     

不同钝化剂对土壤有效态铅和镉含量的影响

通过向土壤中添加蚕沙、熟石灰和磷酸二氢钾,研究不同钝化处理对土壤有效态重金属含量、pH值及有机质含量的影响.结果表明:添加蚕沙和熟石灰都能使土壤中高植物有效挂的有效态Pb和有效态Cd大幅下降;其中以单施蚕沙处理效果最优,其对Pb和Cd的钝化效率分别达到36.5％和39.2％,而蚕沙+熟石灰处理钝化效果次之,分别为24.3％和26.9％.磷酸二氢钾的钝化作用不明显.添加熟石灰对土壤pH值影响最大,而蚕沙大幅增加了土壤中有机质含量.经统计分析,土壤pH值、有机质含量都与土壤有效态Pb、Cd含量之间呈负相关,说明通过提高土壤pH值及有机质含量,降低土壤重金属活性是土壤重金属钝化的主要机理.     

天然黏土联合磷肥对农田土壤镉铅污染原位钝化修复效应研究

为研究天然黏土联合磷肥对农田土壤镉铅污染的原位钝化修复效应,在天津市某地开展了田间示范实验,以油麦菜、油菜和萝卜为模式作物,以海泡石、膨润土和磷肥等作为钝化修复材料,研究其对蔬菜可食部位生物量、镉铅含量和土壤中镉铅形态分布的影响,考察其对土壤镉铅污染的原位钝化修复效果.结果表明:磷肥、海泡石/磷肥复配、膨润土/磷肥复配...     

Arsenic strongly associates with ferrihydrite colloids formed in a soil effluent

Arsenic mobility may increase in liquid phase due to association with colloidal Fe oxides. We studied the association of As with Fe oxide colloids in the effluent from water-saturated soil columns run under anoxic conditions. Upon exfiltration, the solutions, which contained Fe²⁺, were re-aerated and ferrihydrite colloids precipitated. The entire amount of effluent As was associated with the ferrihydrite colloids, although PO₄³⁻, SiO₄⁴⁻, CO₃²⁻ and dissolved organic matter were present in the effluent during ferrihydrite colloid formation. Furthermore, no subsequent release of As from the ferrihydrite colloids was observed despite the presence of these (in)organic species known to compete with As for adsorption on Fe oxides. Arsenic was bound via inner-sphere complexation on the ferrihydrite surface. FTIR spectroscopy also revealed adsorption of PO₄³⁻ and polymerized silica. However, these species could not impede the quantitative association of As with colloidal ferrihydrite in the soil effluents.     

内江市磷肥厂磷矿石,磷肥样品中天然铀,镭—226含量分析

本文报道了内江市８个磷肥的磷肥及其原料矿石中天然铀，＾２２６Ｒａ含量水平，其结果为，磷肥样品中＾２２６Ｒａ含量２４５．８±１１２．９Ｂｑ．ｋｇ＾－１，天然铀含量２７．２±１６．４ｐｐｍ；磷矿石样品中＾２２６Ｒａ含量４０７．６±９４．３Ｂｑ．ｋｇ＾－１，天然铀含量３１．４±２１．０ｐｐｍ。     

Importance of Sediment–Water Interactions in Coeur d’Alene Lake,Idaho, USA: Management Implications

A field study at Coeur dAlene Lake, Idaho, USA, was conducted between October 1998 and August 2001 to examine the potential importance of sediment–water interactions on contaminant transport and to provide the first direct measurements of the benthic flux of dissolved solutes of environmental concern in this lake. Because of potential ecological effects, dissolved zinc and orthophosphate were the solutes of primary interest. Results from deployments of an in situ flux chamber indicated that benthic fluxes of dissolved Zn and orthophosphate were comparable in magnitude to riverine inputs. Tracer analyses and benthic-community metrics provided evidence that solute benthic flux were diffusion-controlled at the flux-chamber deployment sites. That is, effects of biomixing (or bioturbation) and ground-water interactions did not strongly influence benthic flux. Remediation efforts in the river might not produce desired water-quality effects in the lake because imposed shifts in concentration gradients near the sediment–water interface would generate a benthic feedback response. Therefore, development of water-quality models to justify remediation strategies requires consideration of contaminant flux between the water column and underlying sediment in basins that have been affected by long-term (decadal) anthropogenic activities.