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1.
Hossein Karami Romina Sayahnia Hossein Mahmoudi Hossein Azadi Sadegh Salehi 《Natural resources forum》2023,47(1):60-86
Urbanization and mass movement of the population from rural areas and small cities to megacities have led to environmental, economic, and social problems in Iran. In dealing with these challenges, assessing resource and environmental carrying capacity (RECC) is considered an effective method to leverage space and capital to achieve sustainable development. This study aimed to rank the provincial RECC in Iran. Toward this purpose, environmental indices were generated from remotely sensed and statistical census data. Then, the provinces were scored in terms of environmental, economic, and infrastructural carrying capacities, and RECC using the mean variance analysis method. Results demonstrated that in most areas, there is no relationship between economic and infrastructural capacities and development. Statistically, a correlation coefficient of −0.53 between economic and environmental carrying capacities indicated excessive use of environmental capacities. Moreover, the spatial distribution pattern of environmental, economic, and infrastructural carrying capacity was entirely heterogeneous between the provinces; there was a northeast–southwest pattern in terms of infrastructural capacity and an economic pattern from north to south. The distribution pattern of RECC is most consistent with the environmental capacity, pointing at the high weight of the indicators of the RECC model. In conclusion, this research offers a new vision for policymakers and provides a theoretical and applicable framework for implementing sustainable strategies in land-use planning. It is recommended that the RECC concept and tools can be used not only for planning but also for measuring the efficiency of spatial development programs and establishing land balances in the region. 相似文献
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活化改性半焦用于烟气脱硫催化剂制备工艺优化 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为研究不同制备工艺条件下的烟气脱硫催化剂吸附去除烟气中硫化物的性能,采用硝酸活化的半焦脱硫剂,通过穿透时间和硫容评价所制备催化剂的脱硫性能.采用固定床反应器考察了催化剂表面基团酸碱性、催化剂成型的制备顺序、黏结剂和催化剂尺寸及负载金属氧化物等制备工艺条件对催化剂脱硫性能的影响.结果表明:原料半焦表面呈碱性,半焦经硝酸氧化改性后,表面呈酸性,高温煅烧可以使半焦表面酸性官能团分解成碱性官能团,催化剂表面净碱量越大,脱硫性能越好;采取先将半焦成型再进行高温煅烧、水气活化的工艺,脱硫活性更高;最适合的黏结剂为煤焦油;最佳的催化剂粒径为3mm;烟气中通入O2能显著提高半焦吸附催化剂的脱硫性能,O2体积分数以5%为宜,烟气中适量H2O是脱硫必不可少的条件,水汽体积分数以8%最佳;在催化剂制备过程中添加质量分数为1%的V2O5,可以明显改善催化剂的脱硫性能. 相似文献
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为全面、深入认识黄河三角洲海岸带的海洋资源和生态环境特征、海洋产业结构及海洋经济发展的优势、劣势条件,选取工业废水排放量、固体废渣排放量、万元GDP能耗、岸线利用率、人均可开发海域面积、人均海岸线长度、海洋初级生产力、污染海域占海域总面积的比例、生物多样性指数、人口密度、人均海洋经济产值、GDP年均增速、科研与开发投入和环境保护支出等压力、状态、响应3类14个指标,采用压力-状态-响应模型对黄河三角洲海岸带生态承载力进行了综合量化评价.结果表明,2006-2010年黄河三角洲海岸带的承载指数和压力指数呈下降趋势,承压比则总体上呈上升趋势.根据评价结果,提出了构建高效生态产业体系、优化黄河三角洲产业空间布局、对传统产业进行生态化改造、发展新兴生态产业、保护黄河三角洲海岸带生态环境、对黄河三角洲海岸带海洋资源进行高效集约利用等提高黄河三角洲海岸带生态承载力的对策. 相似文献
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仙女湖富营养化特征与水环境容量核算 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以典型的亚热带大型水库——江西省仙女湖为例,于2011~2013年季节性监测了仙女湖水体理化指标。采用综合营养状态指数法对其富营养化状态进行了评价,并采用沃伦威德尔模型(Vollenweider)和狄龙模型(Dillon)计算了COD、NH3-N、TN和TP的水环境容量。结果表明:仙女湖水质总体处于地表水Ⅱ类~Ⅲ类标准,TN 0.32~0.91 mg/L、平均0.59 mg/L,NH3-N 0.012~0.59 mg/L、平均0.31 mg/L,TP 0.017~0.080 mg/L、平均0.028 mg/L,CODMn 1.61~5.59 mg/L、平均2.85 mg/L,Chl-a 0.37~0.95 μg/L、平均0.56 μg/L。从湖区上游到下游,各指标尤其是总氮、总磷、透明度和氨氮呈现明显的趋优变化特征,除TP出现Ⅲ类水质外,其余指标多年持续处于Ⅱ类水质状态;从单因子状态指数来看,采用透明度评价的营养状态最高,大部分湖区持续处于轻度富营养状态;TN和TP评价的营养状态次之,处于中营养水平。仙女湖COD、NH3-N、TN和TP水环境容量分别为21 208.0、3 528.8、4 991.2和248.1 t/a,分别剩余容量比率56.88%、68.25%、62.89%和13.67%,影响仙女湖水环境容量最突出的环境因子为TP。同时,基于对水环境容量影响因素的分析,最后提出了提高仙女湖区水环境容量的建设性方案。 相似文献
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The present study investigated the fate and transport of two significant anions through soil to explore their potential as groundwater contaminants. The retention properties of chloride and sulfate in soils having several significantly different characteristics (soil‐1 and soil‐2) were determined using adsorption test and adsorption‐diffusion column experiments. The maximum adsorption capacity of chloride was 3.7 and 1.16 mg/g, respectively, in soil‐1 and soil‐2, with organic matter (OM) content of 3.92% and 4.69%, respectively. The sulfate adsorption obtained was 24.09% and 13.83%, respectively, in the two soils. The anions exhibited monolayer adsorption in the soils with replacement of hydroxyl ions from soils as the major mechanism of adsorption. On the other hand, the adsorption capacities obtained from the adsorption‐diffusion column experiment were about 100 times lower compared to that of the column tests of both of the soils. The maximum adsorption capacity of chloride was 0.03 mg/g and 0.01 mg/g, respectively, in soil‐1 and soil‐2, whereas that of sulfate was 0.04 mg/g and 0.03 mg/g. The empirical relation for depth of penetration (d) from a known spillage onto the soil surface was determined as a function of sorption capacity (S) and initial anion concentration (C) as d = 0.0073e(?57S)C and d = 0.0038e(?35S)C for chloride and sulfate, respectively. 相似文献
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资源环境承载力是区域发展战略决策的基础,对指导区域可持续发展和服务国家战略需求具有重要意义。本文系统梳理了资源环境承载力评价从土地资源承载力向水资源承载力、环境承载力和生态承载力发展,再到近年来以土地开发强度为特征,以及基于供给能力的资源环境承载力评价兴起的历程。资源环境承载力评价从单一资源走向各类主要自然资源、环境要素及综合要素的承载力评价,研究方法不断完善。但目前资源环境承载力研究仍存在更多地关注承载的极限容量,对发展容量的关注不足;缺乏具有普适性、可推广的资源环境承载力评价理论及方法体系等问题,其研究仍面临严峻的挑战。未来资源环境承载力研究仍需在承载力从极限容量向发展容量转变,形成具有广泛指导意义的资源环境承载力评价方法体系,强化以空间开发利用为特征的资源环境承载力评价等方面的研究,以此深化资源环境承载力理论及实践应用研究,为区域可持续发展及服务国家战略提供支撑。 相似文献
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Gregory C. Luther Joko Mariyono Raden M. Purnagunawan Ben Satriatna Martin Siyaranamual 《Natural resources forum》2018,42(2):71-82
This study assesses the impact of farmer field schools (FFS) on the productivity of vegetable farming in vegetable‐producing areas of East Java and Bali, Indonesia. The FFS have equipped over 3,000 vegetable farmers with integrated crop management knowledge applicable to chilies and tomatoes. The FFS are expected to enhance farmers’ capacity such that they can increase production. This study employs a difference‐in‐differences (DiD) method to overcome selection bias. A survey of 250 FFS‐graduated farmers and 250 non‐FFS farmers were purposively randomly selected from the overall community of farmers. Focus group discussion was used to support the survey. The results indicate that FFS were successful for enhancing farmers’ capability in vegetable farming. Farmers who participated in FFS have higher productivity than those who did not. Farmers also could adapt and adopt the knowledge gained from FFS as they underwent a process of learning by doing. The impacts of the increase in farmers’ capacity can be more evident if weaknesses during the FFS preparation and implementation can be overcome, to ensure more participation, flexibility to fit different conditions/needs and continuous learning. 相似文献