北京首都机场绿色滑行时间估算

采用北京首都机场2014年实际CDM地面放行数据确定航空器的污染物排放量与离场排队飞机数量和落地滑入飞机数量的强关联性,构建包含这两个解释变量为影响因素的多元线性回归模型,用以估算几种常见机型在首都机场地面运行时的最小污染物排放量和绿色滑行时间。对比实际污染物排放量与最小污染物排放量,得出首都机场离场地面污染物排放量远远超过最小污染物排放量。     

A new prediction method of industrial atmospheric pollutant emission intensity based on pollutant emission standard quantification

● Established a quantification method of pollutant emission standard. ● Predicted the SO₂ emission intensity of single coking enterprises in China. ● Evaluated the influence of pollutant discharge standard on prediction accuracy. ● Analyzed the SO₂ emissions of Chinese provincial and municipal coking enterprises. Industrial emissions are the main source of atmospheric pollutants in China. Accurate and reasonable prediction of the emission of atmospheric pollutants from single enterprise can determine the exact source of atmospheric pollutants and control atmospheric pollution precisely. Based on China’s coking enterprises in 2020, we proposed a quantitative method for pollutant emission standards and introduced the quantification results of pollutant emission standards (QRPES) into the construction of support vector regression (SVR) and random forest regression (RFR) prediction methods for SO₂ emission of coking enterprises in China. The results show that, affected by the types of coke ovens and regions, China’s current coking enterprises have implemented a total of 21 emission standards, with marked differences. After adding QRPES, it was found that the root mean squared error (RMSE) of SVR and RFR decreased from 0.055 kt/a and 0.059 kt/a to 0.045 kt/a and 0.039 kt/a, and theR² increased from 0.890 and 0.881 to 0.926 and 0.945, respectively. This shows that the QRPES can greatly improve the prediction accuracy, and the SO₂ emissions of each enterprise are highly correlated with the strictness of standards. The predicted result shows that 45% of SO₂ emissions from Chinese coking enterprises are concentrated in Shanxi, Shaanxi and Hebei provinces in central China. The method created in this paper fills in the blank of forecasting method of air pollutant emission intensity of single enterprise and is of great help to the accurate control of air pollutants.     

我国污染物总量控制制度改革的思考

污染物总量控制制度是我国环境保护制度的重要组成部分。结合污染物总量控制制度的实施现状,分析实施过程中减排基数、核算体系、责任主体等方面存在的问题。提出,改革现行污染物总量控制制度,将总量控制与改革中的排污许可制相融合,落实企业主体责任,将总量指标与环境质量改善挂钩,建立差异化的减排核算体系,并加强日常监管,达到改善环境质量的目标。     

Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban stormwater in Queensland, Australia

This paper reports the distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in wash-off in urban stormwater in Gold Coast, Australia. Runoff samples collected from residential, industrial and commercial sites were separated into a dissolved fraction (<0.45 μm), and three particulate fractions (0.45-75 μm, 75-150 μm and >150 μm). Patterns in the distribution of PAHs in the fractions were investigated using Principal Component Analysis. Regardless of the land use and particle size fraction characteristics, the presence of organic carbon plays a dominant role in the distribution of PAHs. The PAHs concentrations were also found to decrease with rainfall duration. Generally, the 1- and 2-year average recurrence interval rainfall events were associated with the majority of the PAHs and the wash-off was a source limiting process. In the context of stormwater quality mitigation, targeting the initial part of the rainfall event is the most effective treatment strategy. The implications of the study results for urban stormwater quality management are also discussed.     

Contribution of sociodemographic characteristics, occupation, diet and lifestyle to DDT and DDE concentrations in serum and adipose tissue from a Bolivian cohort

The organochlorine pesticide p,p′-Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) was widely used in the early 1960s-70s for vector control in tropical and subtropical areas of South America. Due to its persistence, DDT has a high potential to bioaccumulate in the food chain and living organisms and is a major public health concern, especially in South America.The main purpose of the present study was to investigate predictors of serum and adipose tissue concentrations of p,p′-DDT and its main metabolite, p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p′-DDE), in an adult cohort (n = 112) from Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, using multiple linear regression models. These models explained 29.3-47.8% of the variability in adipose tissue concentrations of p,p′-DDT and p,p′-DDE, respectively, and 32.9-47.0% of that in serum. Main exposure predictors included age, occupational class, residence, diet, smoking habit, and accumulated breastfeeding time.This is one of the few studies to explore predictors of human exposure to these chemicals using a multivariate approach in a South American population. Results show that predictors of human exposure to p,p′-DDT and p,p′-DDE in Santa Cruz de la Sierra may diverge from those found in other populations of the world, due to particular sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics of this region.     

Large eddy simulation of plume dispersion behind an aircraft in the take-off phase

The aim of this paper is to provide an investigation, using large eddy simulation, into plume dispersion behind an aircraft in co-flowing take-off conditions. Validation studies of the computational model were presented by Aloysius and Wrobel (Environ Model Softw 24:929–937, 2009) and a study of the flow and dispersion properties of a double-engine aircraft jet was presented by Aloysius et al. (EEC/SEE/2007/001, EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre, ), in which only the engine was modelled. In this paper, the complete geometry of a Boeing 737 is modelled and investigated. The current work represents a contribution towards a better understanding of the source dynamics behind an airplane jet engine during the take-off and landing phases. The information provided from these simulations will be useful for future improvements of existing dispersion models.     

镇江城市径流颗粒粒径分布及其与污染物的关系

为了解城市中不同粒径颗粒物对于径流中污染物的影响,2006年3月在镇江城市不同功能区地表采集了沉积物样品和径流样品,分析了颗粒物的粒径分布和污染物浓度.结果表明,晴天条件下道路沉积物主要由粒径＜250μm的颗粒组成;降雨初期主要为＜5μm的颗粒物随径流迁移,随降雨历时的延长较大颗粒开始随径流迁移,降雨期间随地表径流迁移主要为小于150μm的颗粒物,特别是5～40μm粒径段的颗粒要特别予以关注;同时污染物浓度也由降雨初期的高浓度逐渐下降并趋于稳定.明确了径流中污染物的主要输出形态,并通过分析不同降雨历时污染物与固体悬浮物和颗粒粒径的相关性探明了径流污染物形态输出的原因,从而为城市非点源污染的管理以及控制方法的选择提供科学依据.     

挥发回转窑处置钢丝绳行业污泥的污染物排放研究

通过利用挥发回转窑处置钢丝绳行业污泥的工业化试验,测定了烟气排放参数及污染物排放指标,分析了污泥添加对挥发回转窑烟气排放的影响程度及各项污染物指标之间的相关性。结果表明,污泥添加量18%～22%,对挥发回转窑烟气排放无影响,烟尘、SO2、氮氧化物、Zn、Pb、HCl等各项污染物指标均符合国家控制标准;烟尘排放浓度与Pb、Zn排放浓度呈显著正相关;SO2排放浓度与烟气含氧量、空气过剩系数、排放浓度呈显著负相关。通过控制烟气中烟尘浓度可减少Zn、Pb的排放,在满足SO2排放浓度达标的同时,还应加强工艺供氧量的管理,控制的产生,减少烟气对生产设备的腐蚀。     

入世十年我国对外贸易的宏观环境影响研究

入世十年来,我国对外贸易迅猛发展,贸易价值量取得巨大顺差,但其背后却孕育着巨大的资源环境逆差。本文通过建立贸易的环境核算方法,运用我国"能源-经济-环境"投入-产出及CGE模型分析了2002、2005、2007年的投入产出表,对进出口产品虚拟污染物进行定量核算,衡量入世十年我国对外贸易的宏观环境影响。研究表明,入世十年来,我国净出口产品虚拟SO2排放约占全国排放总量的1/4;净出口产品虚拟CO2排放占全国排放总量超过30%;净出口产品COD排放占全国排放总量的20%以上。在不采取其他措施的情况下,我国在未来20年仍将处于巨大的贸易环境逆差之中。     

海口市海岸线入海排放口污染源调查与分析

沿海工农业的发展和海洋开发事业的兴起,给海洋造成了污染。而陆域排污是海洋近海污染的重要原因。为了在实现海洋产业经济可持续发展,对海口市海岸线入海口水质进行调查。本实验采用定点采样的方法,根据排污口的口径大小、年排污水的总量、以及对周边海域的污染程度采集水样。结果表明,海岸线入海口排污废水中的COD、总氮、磷酸盐、氨氮等...