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本文以实况资料为基础,对2005年中发生在我国内蒙古的一次强沙尘暴天气过程进行风场和温度场等的诊断分析,结果显示:(1)本次沙尘暴天气过程属于西北路径强冷空气入侵造成的。有利的气候背景是本次沙尘暴发生的基础。(2)大气斜压性强,动量下传作用是沙尘暴的天气诱因。200hPa高空急流的加强,850hPa强锋区和冷槽发生发展是沙尘暴的主要原因。在此基础上,得出沙尘暴的预报着眼点。  相似文献   
2.
沙尘天气对环境空气中PM_(10)影响分析   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4  
利用2002年沈阳市沙尘天气时的环境监测资料和气象资料进行分析得出浮尘天气时环境空气中PM10浓度最大,空气污染最严重,空气中的尘主要来源于我国西北沙漠地区;沙尘暴出现频率低,持续时间短,但强度大,空气中PM10主要来源科尔沁沙漠、省内荒漠地带及本市地表沙尘;扬沙天气污染相对较轻,空气的PM10以本地地表尘为主。  相似文献   
3.
Mineral dust particles play an important role in the formation of secondary inorganic aerosols, which largely contribute to haze pollution in China.During this study, a haze episode(haze days) and a typical haze process mixed with sandstorm(sandy haze days)were observed in Zhengzhou with a series of high-time-resolution monitoring instruments from November 22 to December 8, 2018.Concentrations of PM_(10) and crustal elements clearly increased in the sandy haze days.Concentrations of gaseous pollutants, metallic elements emitted from anthropogenic sources, nitrate, and ammonium during sandy haze days were slightly lower than those during the haze days but still obviously higher than those during the non-haze days.The sulfate concentrations, the sulfate fractions in PM_(2.5),and the sulfur oxidation ratios significantly increased in the sandy haze days.Heterogeneous reactions dominated the conversion of SO_2 during the haze and sandy haze days.Enhanced SO_2 conversion during the sandy haze days may be attributed to the high concentrations of transition metal ions from the sandstorm when the values of relative humidity(RH) were in 30%–70%, and high O_3 at certain time points.Gas-phase NO_2 oxidation reactions were the main pathways for nitrate formation.In the sandy haze days,higher nitrogen oxidation ratio(NOR) at daytime may be associated with higher RH and lower temperature than those in the haze days, which facilitate the gas-to-particle partitioning of nitrate; higher NOR values at night may be attributed to the higher O_3 concentrations, which promoted the formation of N_2O_5.  相似文献   
4.
本文简要论述了我国沙尘暴的成因、影响我国的沙尘暴源区、传输路径、危害、预报与科研开展情况及防治对策等方面内容。  相似文献   
5.
浅议宁夏沙尘暴的成因,危害与防治措施   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
阐述了宁夏地区沙尘暴产生的原因及危害,提出了相应的防治措施。  相似文献   
6.
通过以实地调查和京津风沙源治理工程建设任务及投资数据为基础,以县域土地利用及社会经济相关数据作为参考,对内蒙古翁牛特旗京津风沙源治理工程生态效益进行了全面评估。结果表明,内蒙古翁牛特旗森林生态系统服务主要是水源涵养、保护生物多样性和固碳释氧,占总服务价值的86.1%。京津风沙源建设工程在遏制沙化土地蔓延和改善周边区域环境质量等方面效果显著。京津风沙源治理工程在生态、经济、社会方面的贡献巨大,工程建设取得了较好的成效。  相似文献   
7.
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated the exacerbation of respiratory diseases following sandstorm-derived particulate matter(PM) exposure.The presence of anthropogenic and biological agents on the sandstorm PM and the escalation of PM 2.5 μm(PM2.5)pollution in China have led to serious concerns regarding the health effects of PM2.5during Asian sandstorms.We investigated how changes in PM2.5composition,as the weather transitioned towards a sandstorm,affected human airway epithelial cells.Six PM2.5samples covering two sandstorm events and their respective background and transition periods were collected in Baotou,an industrial city near the Gobi Desert in China.PM samples from all three periods had mild cytotoxicity in human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B,which was positively correlated with the contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and several metals.All PM samples potently increased the release of interleukin-6(IL-6) and interleukin-8(IL-8).Endotoxin in all samples contributed significantly to the IL-6 response,with only a minor effect on IL-8.Cr was positively correlated with both IL-6 and IL-8 release,while Si was only associated with the increase of IL-6.Our study suggests that local agricultural and industrial surroundings in addition to the sandstorm play important roles in the respiratory effects of sandstorm-derived PM.  相似文献   
8.
利用单颗粒气溶胶质谱仪对张家口市2015年春季的一次典型沙尘过程进行了监测,分析了沙尘过程对当地大气颗粒物成分的影响。结果表明,监测期间的颗粒物类型主要分为8种:矿物质(MD)、左旋葡聚糖(LEV)、元素碳(EC)、有机碳(OC)、混合碳(ECOC)、重金属(HM)、富钾(K)、其他(Other)。对比沙尘天气来临前、中、后3个时段,随着沙尘天气的来临,本地大气颗粒物成分发生较大变化,矿物质、左旋葡聚糖等成分含量升高,而有机碳、重金属等成分含量下降,其中矿物质在PM10峰值时段小时比例高达27.8%;沙尘天气期间,由于矿物质颗粒占比增加,使得总颗粒物的粒径分布向0.9μm以上的粗粒径段偏移;此外,沙尘天气期间的颗粒物各成分与二次组分的混合程度相较非沙尘天气时段的低,说明其老化程度相对较低。  相似文献   
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